{"title":"Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders: From Competing Paradigms Toward Iterative Integration.","authors":"Dan J Stein, Christine Lochner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-015659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-015659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), such as hair-pulling and skin-picking, have been described by physicians from Hippocrates onward. The descriptions have not been theory-neutral; clinicians and researchers have applied specific conceptual frameworks to understand such behaviors and to intervene accordingly. These include what might be termed \"turns\" to psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviorism, psychopharmacology, nosology, neuroscience, consumer advocacy, and global mental health. It is timely to consider lessons learned from this range of conceptual frameworks, each of which has both strengths and limitations. Rather than advocating for yet another paradigm shift to advance knowledge and treatment of BFRBs, we suggest that scientific pluralism is useful for clinicians and researchers and potentially allows iterative and integrative progress in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"481-503"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer J Mootz, Laura Mufson, Sarah Chiao, Myrna Weissman
{"title":"Interpersonal Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Depression Among Adults and Adolescents.","authors":"Jennifer J Mootz, Laura Mufson, Sarah Chiao, Myrna Weissman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an evidence-based and globally accepted treatment for depression among adults and adolescents. In this article, we provide a review of the literature on IPT and its briefer counterpart, interpersonal counseling (IPC), for use with adults and adolescents. We provide a history of IPT's development; an overview of IPT, IPC, and IPT for adolescents (IPT-A); a review of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and studies conducted in the past decade; and a summary of developments in novel technologies. IPT has shown moderate to large effects in treating depression. Developments in IPC have exhibited expansions to new global settings and populations. IPT-A has been established as effective, and it has most often been studied in comparison to cognitive behavioral therapy, with variable results as to which treatment is more effective. Innovations in technology to support providers and clients have been emerging. Key recommendations are to examine implementation factors, cultural adaptations, the use of IPT and IPT-A for prevention of depression, and technology-driven delivery strategies for providers and clients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"309-341"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allison Stumper, Katja M Schmalenberger, Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul, Jessica R Peters
{"title":"Affective Sensitivity to Ovarian Steroid Hormone Flux Across the Menstrual Cycle: Manifestations and Biopsychosocial Risk Factors.","authors":"Allison Stumper, Katja M Schmalenberger, Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul, Jessica R Peters","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-083756","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-083756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hormone sensitivity is a heterogeneous phenomenon involving multiple dimensions of sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. While the majority of menstruating individuals do not experience any significant impact from these hormone changes on mood or behavior, rates of hormone sensitivity in clinical populations, particularly affective disorders, are substantially elevated, suggesting potential shared psychosocial or physiological mechanisms or moderators of risk. In this review, we provide an overview of menstrually related mood disorders and dimensions of hormone sensitivity across the cycle contributing to these presentations. We discuss how hormone sensitivity during the menstrual cycle corresponds with affective problems during other reproductive life events (puberty, perimenopause, pregnancy/postpartum) and review the evidence for environmental, neurobiological, and cognitive/affective factors associated with hormone sensitivity. Methodological considerations and directions for further research are highlighted throughout.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"77-104"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex Differences in Affective Disorders: A Developmental Neuroscience Framework on the Role of Puberty.","authors":"Cecile D Ladouceur","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Affective disorders increase markedly during adolescence, and girls experience roughly twice the risk observed in boys. The neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying this sex difference remain unclear. This review advances a heuristic model proposing that pubertal hormones modulate the maturation of mesocorticolimbic circuitry-including the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex-in sex-specific ways that increase vulnerability to anxiety and depression. In girls, such vulnerability may arise from the effects of gonadal hormones on this circuitry, heightening neural sensitivity to threat and dampening reward responsiveness, thereby biasing socio-affective learning toward avoidance during a period of heightened neuroplasticity. Integrating evidence from human neuroimaging and animal studies, this review highlights convergent hormonal pathways that shape this circuitry and confer risk for affective disorders. The review underscores the importance of developmental neuroscience frameworks for identifying sex-specific risk markers and informing mechanism-based early interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"215-241"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological Mechanisms and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Christopher Pittenger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020516","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an overview of biological processes that contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It encourages nonreductionist integration of biological findings with psychological and social constructs. OCD runs in families; studies are beginning to identify genetic variants that contribute to risk, though these findings are not yet clinically actionable. A robust body of neuroimaging research implicates hyperactivity in certain brain circuits in the pathophysiology of OCD, which often normalizes following successful treatment. The efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is well-established; however, evidence does not support a simple serotonin deficit model. The role of the neurotransmitter glutamate in pathophysiology and treatment is under investigation. Emerging research is exploring the contributions of immune system dysregulation and of hormones to pathophysiology. Pharmacological treatment strategies are reviewed, as are anatomically targeted interventions for refractory cases. Future treatments will likely synergistically deploy somatic and psychotherapeutic interventions, leveraging biological tools to enhance mechanisms of psychological change.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"455-480"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in the Community.","authors":"Eric A Youngstrom","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-084055","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-084055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bipolar disorder is a recurrent, heterogeneous condition that often begins in adolescence and typically requires lifelong, multimodal management. Advances in evidence-based assessment (EBA) offer structured frameworks for prediction, prescription, and progress monitoring, and pharmacological and psychosocial interventions supported by recent reviews and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT)/International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) guidelines provide effective options across phases of illness. Despite these advances, the impact of evidence-based approaches remains blunted in practice: Diagnosis is often delayed, pharmacotherapy is inconsistently prescribed or monitored, psychosocial interventions are underused, and relapse prevention strategies are rarely sustained. Therefore, the field must embed prediction, treatment, and monitoring within community treatment settings-primary care, schools, digital platforms, and family systems-where risk can be identified early, preventive strategies can be delivered, and long-term maintenance can be supported. Framing EBA as a dynamic, community-anchored cycle offers the best chance of translating evidence into improved outcomes, bridging the gap between research efficacy and real-world effectiveness in the care of bipolar disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"343-371"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María P Aranda, David Camacho, Jiaming Liang, Yuri Jang
{"title":"Dementia Caregiving Among Diverse Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States: A Critical Review of Cultural Adaptations of Nonpharmacological Caregiving Intervention Trials.","authors":"María P Aranda, David Camacho, Jiaming Liang, Yuri Jang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-032154","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-032154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults who provide care to family members living with dementia experience substantial impacts to their well-being. Dementia family caregivers are the backbone of health and long-term care services in the United States, yet they typically do not access evidence-based caregiver interventions. This is especially the case for racial and ethnic minoritized populations, who experience higher rates of dementia yet lower access to diagnostic and specialty care services and evidence-based interventions. This review appraises the peer-reviewed literature on randomized clinical trials to test the effectiveness of caregiver interventions, the extent of cultural adaptations, and their impact on psychological outcomes, including mastery. We find that few evidence-based interventions incorporate cultural and linguistic adaptations, and when they do, most fall short of following formal adaptation frameworks and documenting treatment effects on psychological outcomes by racial and ethnic group. Research must address these shortcomings to increase the equitable distribution of caregiver interventions for all Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"155-185"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catharine E Fairbairn, Dahyeon Kang, Jiaxu Han, Nigel Bosch
{"title":"Objective Assessment in Clinical Psychological Science: Progress in Wearable Alcohol Biosensors.","authors":"Catharine E Fairbairn, Dahyeon Kang, Jiaxu Han, Nigel Bosch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-080804","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-080804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical psychology is a discipline reliant on self-reports but uniquely susceptible to specific biases associated therewith. Here we provide a prototype for objective behavioral assessment drawn from the field of alcohol science, describing an emerging class of wearable transdermal biosensor. We note the challenges of transdermal alcohol assessment and describe recent performance gains from updated devices and machine learning analytic tools. We indicate unanswered questions for transdermal technology, including device longevity and the accuracy of devices for producing fine-grained estimates of drinking quantity. We identify factors that can impede development of transdermal sensors and other new objective measures, including the tendency to judge new tools against an implicit ideal, and consider scientific findings divorced from methodology. Finally, in evaluating novel objective measurement tools, we argue for careful consideration of not only error magnitude but also error type (i.e., random versus systematic), identifying measurement diversification as a priority for clinical psychology moving forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"427-453"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13032199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mental Health in College Students: From Epidemiological Findings to Sustainable Policies.","authors":"Ronny Bruffaerts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-084303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-084303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher education has seen rising enrollment, mobility, and diversity; there are approximately 254 million students globally, a figure that has doubled since the early 2000s. The college years (roughly the age range between 18 and 30) coincide with key developmental phases marked by personal, social, and academic stressors like leaving home and adjusting to new environments. This period is high-risk for mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, which negatively affect academic success and future quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged students' mental health due to isolation, online learning, and fears of infection. Despite growing emotional problems, many students do not seek help, and this avoidance results in inadequate treatment and fragmented mental health services. These issues present significant challenges in addressing mental health within higher education and beyond. The goal of this article is to offer a thorough, critical review of the existing research on college mental health, including key data-driven epidemiological findings on mental disorders, theory-driven approaches to challenges faced during college, and prospects for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"533-557"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer A Watt, Zahinoor Ismail, Natasha Lane, Dallas Seitz, Zahra Goodarzi
{"title":"Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Interventions.","authors":"Jennifer A Watt, Zahinoor Ismail, Natasha Lane, Dallas Seitz, Zahra Goodarzi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085912","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mounting evidence supports the efficacy of nonpharmacologic or psychosocial interventions for reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), identifies the comparative risks and benefits of psychotropic medication, and underscores the importance of deprescribing psychotropic medications. However, evidence from clinical settings indicates that uptake of nonpharmacologic interventions and potential overuse of medications remain problematic. We begin by discussing the importance of exploring potential contributors to BPSD, using person-centered language to describe BPSD, implementing holistic and person-centered care plans, measuring clinically important changes in BPSD, and considering social determinants of health when assessing and managing BPSD; we also discuss the historical context informing how clinicians manage BPSD. Next, we compare and contrast nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches to managing BPSD, evaluate their individual and comparative efficacy, and describe recommendations for intervention deprescribing or deimplementation. Lastly, we discuss strengths and limitations of the current evidence supporting BPSD management as well as recommendations for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"397-425"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}