{"title":"Understanding Homelessness Among Young People to Improve Outcomes","authors":"Norweeta G. Milburn, Eric Rice, Laura Petry","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081903","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, an estimated 4.2 million young people experience homelessness during critical stages in their development—adolescence and emerging adulthood. While research on youth homelessness often emphasizes risk and vulnerability, the field must situate these issues within the developmental trajectories of adolescence and emerging adulthood to effectively prevent and end youth homelessness. This review uses the Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM) as a conceptual framework for contextualizing the landscape of youth homelessness research in the United States since 2010. An extension of ecological models of risk-taking, RAAM emphasizes both risk and resilience, positing that negative as well as positive socialization processes across interactions with family, peers, social services, and formal institutions affect key housing, health, and behavioral outcomes for youth experiencing homelessness. This review applies RAAM to our understanding of the causes and consequences of youth homelessness, recent interventions, and recommendations for future directions.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138740203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordan T. Stiede, Samuel D. Spencer, Ogechi Onyeka, Katie H. Mangen, Molly J. Church, Wayne K. Goodman, Eric A. Storch
{"title":"Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Jordan T. Stiede, Samuel D. Spencer, Ogechi Onyeka, Katie H. Mangen, Molly J. Church, Wayne K. Goodman, Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-043910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-043910","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a neurobehavioral condition that can lead to functional impairment in multiple domains and decreased quality of life. We review the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and common comorbidities of pediatric OCD. An overview of the biological and psychological models of OCD is provided along with a discussion of developmental considerations in youth. We also describe evidence-based treatments for OCD in childhood and adolescence, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) and pharmacotherapy. Finally, research evaluating the delivery of CBT in different formats and modalities is discussed, and we conclude with suggestions for future research directions.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138657520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John R Weisz, Katherine E Venturo-Conerly, Olivia M Fitzpatrick, Jennifer A Frederick, Mei Yi Ng
{"title":"What Four Decades of Meta-Analysis Have Taught Us About Youth Psychotherapy and the Science of Research Synthesis.","authors":"John R Weisz, Katherine E Venturo-Conerly, Olivia M Fitzpatrick, Jennifer A Frederick, Mei Yi Ng","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intervention scientists have published more than 600 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of youth psychotherapies. Four decades of meta-analyses have been used to synthesize the RCT findings and identify scientifically and clinically significant patterns. These meta-analyses have limitations, noted herein, but they have advanced our understanding of youth psychotherapy, revealing (<i>a</i>) mental health problems for which our interventions are more and less successful (e.g., anxiety and depression, respectively); (<i>b</i>) the beneficial effects of single-session interventions, interventions delivered remotely, and interventions tested in low- and middle-income countries; (<i>c</i>) the association of societal sexism and racism with reduced treatment benefit in majority-girl and majority-Black groups; and, importantly, (<i>d</i>) the finding that average youth treatment benefit has not increased across five decades of research, suggesting that new strategies may be needed. Opportunities for the future include boosting relevance to policy and practice and using meta-analysis to identify mechanisms of change and guide personalizing of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Resilience Factors in African American Youth Mental Health.","authors":"Enrique W Neblett","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-015146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-015146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racism constitutes a significant risk to the mental health of African American children, adolescents, and emerging adults. This review evaluates recent literature examining ethnic and racial identity, ethnic-racial socialization, religiosity and spirituality, and family and parenting as racial, ethnic, and cultural resilience factors that shape the impact of racism on youth mental health. Representative studies, purported mechanisms, and critiques of prior research are presented for each factor. Recent studies of racism and resilience revisit foundational resilience factors from prior research while reflecting new and important advances (e.g., consideration of gender, cultural context, structural racism), providing important insights for the development of prevention and intervention efforts and policy that can alleviate mental health suffering and promote health and mental health equity for African American youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9501102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanley J Huey, Alayna L Park, Chardée A Galán, Crystal X Wang
{"title":"Culturally Responsive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Ethnically Diverse Populations.","authors":"Stanley J Huey, Alayna L Park, Chardée A Galán, Crystal X Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-072750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-072750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often referred to as the \"gold standard\" treatment for mental health problems, given the large body of evidence supporting its efficacy. However, there are persistent questions about the generalizability of CBTs to culturally diverse populations and whether culturally sensitive approaches are warranted. In this review, we synthesize the literature on CBT for ethnic minorities, with an emphasis on randomized trials that address cultural sensitivity within the context of CBT. In general, we find that CBT is effective for ethnic minorities with diverse mental health problems, although nonsignificant trends suggest that CBT effects may be somewhat weaker for ethnic minorities compared to Whites. We find mixed support for the cultural adaptation of CBTs, but evidence for cultural sensitivity training of CBT clinicians is lacking, given a dearth of relevant trials. Based on the limited evidence thus far, we summarize three broad models for addressing cultural issues when providing CBT to diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9501104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supernatural Attributions: Seeing God, the Devil, Demons, Spirits, Fate, and Karma as Causes of Events.","authors":"Julie J Exline, Joshua A Wilt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-081114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For many people worldwide, supernatural beliefs and attributions-those focused on God, the devil, demons, spirits, an afterlife, karma, or fate-are part of everyday life. Although not widely studied in clinical psychology, these beliefs and attributions are a key part of human diversity. This article provides a broad overview of research on supernatural beliefs and attributions with special attention to their psychological relevance: They can serve as coping resources, sources of distress, psychopathology signals, moral guides, and decision-making tools. Although supernatural attributions sometimes involve dramatic experiences seen to violate natural laws, people more commonly think of supernatural entities working indirectly through natural events. A whole host of factors can lead people to make supernatural attributions, including contextual factors, specific beliefs, psychopathology, cognitive styles and personality, and social and cultural influences. Our aim is to provide clinical psychologists with an entry point into this rich, fascinating, and often overlooked literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9502365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie M Wittlin, Laura E Kuper, Kristina R Olson
{"title":"Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.","authors":"Natalie M Wittlin, Laura E Kuper, Kristina R Olson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-020326","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-020326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children and adolescents are an increasingly visible yet highly stigmatized group. These youth experience more psychological distress than not only their cisgender, heterosexual peers but also their cisgender, sexual minority peers. In this review, we document these mental health disparities and discuss potential explanations for them using a minority stress framework. We also discuss factors that may increase and decrease TGD youth's vulnerability to psychological distress. Further, we review interventions, including gender-affirming medical care, that may improve mental health in TGD youth. We conclude by discussing limitations of current research and suggestions for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9936952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9504987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Douglas W Woods, Michael B Himle, Jordan T Stiede, Brandon X Pitts
{"title":"Behavioral Interventions for Children and Adults with Tic Disorder.","authors":"Douglas W Woods, Michael B Himle, Jordan T Stiede, Brandon X Pitts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-074307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-074307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, behavioral interventions have become increasingly recognized and recommended as effective first-line therapies for treating individuals with tic disorders. In this article, we describe a basic theoretical and conceptual framework through which the reader can understand the application of these interventions for treating tics. The three primary behavioral interventions for tics with the strongest empirical support (habit reversal, Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, and exposure and response prevention) are described. Research on the efficacy and effectiveness of these treatments is summarized along with a discussion of the research evaluating the delivery of these treatments in different formats and modalities. The article closes with a review of the possible mechanisms of change underlying behavioral interventions for tics and areas for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9506964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychoneuroimmunology: An Introduction to Immune-to-Brain Communication and Its Implications for Clinical Psychology.","authors":"Julienne E Bower, Kate R Kuhlman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080621-045153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080621-045153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research conducted over the past several decades has revolutionized our understanding of the role of the immune system in neural and psychological development and function across the life span. Our goal in this review is to introduce this dynamic area of research to a psychological audience and highlight its relevance for clinical psychology. We begin by introducing the basic physiology of immune-to-brain signaling and the neuroimmune network, focusing on inflammation. Drawing from preclinical and clinical research, we then examine effects of immune activation on key psychological domains, including positive and negative valence systems, social processes, cognition, and arousal (fatigue, sleep), as well as links with psychological disorders (depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia). We also consider psychosocial stress as a critical modulator of neuroimmune activity and focus on early life adversity. Finally, we highlight psychosocial and mind-body interventions that influence the immune system and may promote neuroimmune resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9493801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acculturation and Psychopathology.","authors":"Gail M Ferguson, José M Causadias, Tori S Simenec","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-080622","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-080622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acculturation and psychopathology are linked in integrated, interactional, intersectional, and dynamic ways that span different types of intercultural contact, levels of analysis, timescales, and contexts. A developmental psychopathology approach can be useful to explain why, how, and what about psychological acculturation results in later adaptation or maladaptation for acculturating youth and adults. This review applies a conceptual model of acculturation and developmental psychopathology to a widely used framework of acculturation variables producing an Integrated Process Framework of Acculturation Variables (IP-FAV). This new comprehensive framework depicts major predisposing acculturation conditions (why) as well as acculturation orientations and processes (how) that result in adaptation and maladaptation across the life span (what). The IP-FAV is unique in that it integrates both proximal and remote acculturation variables and explicates key acculturation processes to inform research, practice, and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9501103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}