Jeffrey M Girard,Dasha A Yermol,Albert Ali Salah,Jeffrey F Cohn
{"title":"Computational Analysis of Expressive Behavior in Clinical Assessment.","authors":"Jeffrey M Girard,Dasha A Yermol,Albert Ali Salah,Jeffrey F Cohn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024140","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical psychological assessment often relies on self-report, interviews, and behavioral observation, methods that pose challenges for reliability, validity, and scalability. Computational approaches offer new opportunities to analyze expressive behavior (e.g., facial expressions, vocal prosody, language use) with greater precision and efficiency. This review provides an accessible conceptual framework for understanding how methods from computer vision, speech signal processing, and natural language processing can enhance clinical assessment. We outline the goals, frameworks, and methods of both clinical and computational approaches and present an illustrative review of interdisciplinary research applying these techniques across a range of mental health conditions. We also examine key challenges related to data quality, measurement, interdisciplinarity, and ethics. Finally, we highlight future directions for building systems that are robust, interpretable, and clinically meaningful. This review is intended to support dialogue between clinical and computational communities and to guide ongoing research and development at their intersection.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna M. Fiszdon, Ashley M. Schnakenberg Martin, Matthew M. Kurtz
{"title":"Metacognitive and Related Approaches in the Treatment of Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Joanna M. Fiszdon, Ashley M. Schnakenberg Martin, Matthew M. Kurtz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085601","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) are characterized by interruptions in one's sense of self, cognitive dysfunction, disorganized thinking, belief inflexibility, and unusual experiences such as hallucinations and delusions. Disruptions in metacognition—skill in reflecting upon one's own and other's thought processes—have increasingly been viewed as a core foundation of these features of SSD. We focus this review on Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT) and Metacognitive Training (MCT), two metacognitive therapies for SSD designed to improve integration in perceptions of self and others, and to gain greater awareness of biases and the fallibility of cognitions, respectively. We explicate their theoretical underpinnings, treatment targets, and commonly used techniques and summarize their evidence base. We also provide a brief overview of two related therapies, cognitive remediation and cognitive behavioral therapy, with a focus on identifying their metacognitive components, and we compare mechanisms of action, efficacy, and evidence base across these different approaches.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Divyangana Rakesh, Koichiro Shiba, Michèle Lamont, Crick Lund, Kate E. Pickett, Tyler J. VanderWeele, Vikram Patel
{"title":"Economic Inequality and Mental Health: Causality, Mechanisms, and Interventions","authors":"Divyangana Rakesh, Koichiro Shiba, Michèle Lamont, Crick Lund, Kate E. Pickett, Tyler J. VanderWeele, Vikram Patel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-025710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-025710","url":null,"abstract":"Almost all countries in the world have witnessed a rapid increase in levels of economic inequality, a measure of the distribution of income and wealth across the population, since the advent of neoliberal economic policies in the 1970s. In this review, we conceptualize inequality as an ecological construct and discuss why it matters for the mental health of populations and for individual clinical outcomes. We then discuss some of the key mechanisms through which economic inequality influences mental health beyond poverty itself: social comparison and social capital. We also consider how the effect might vary across specific vulnerable groups in the population, such as young people and minoritized communities. Finally, we discuss methodological challenges in studying the relationship between inequality and mental health and conclude by outlining future research directions and possible interventions at the governmental, community, and individual levels to mitigate the negative mental health consequences of economic inequality.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominic Dwyer, Rochelle Ruby Ye, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick McGorry
{"title":"Clinical Staging for Psychiatry and Psychology.","authors":"Dominic Dwyer, Rochelle Ruby Ye, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick McGorry","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-025310","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-025310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A global mental health crisis is threatening a generation of young people with a lifetime of symptoms that do not fit neatly into diagnostic systems. Optimal decisions regarding treatments, services, research, and policies are critically needed, yet such decisions are based on idiosyncratic categorization of clinical courses. This review suggests clinical staging approaches may unite mental health stakeholders around shared targets to reduce mental illness. It first presents key approaches to clinical staging and then outlines how clinical knowledge has been translated into a unified transdiagnostic staging heuristic and clinical service structure over the past 30 years. Directions for short-, medium-, and long-term action are recommended with global community engagement. With investment from the mental health community, staging could reduce suffering through the use of an ethical, organized, and targeted system of communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"497-527"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reward Processing in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia: A Neurodevelopmental Framework","authors":"Robin Nusslock, Vijay A. Mittal, Lauren B. Alloy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-041621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-041621","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia involve disruptions in processing rewarding stimuli. In this review, we propose that distinct mechanistic pathways underlie these disruptions in mood disorders versus schizophrenia, and we highlight the importance of understanding these differences for developing personalized treatments. We summarize evidence suggesting that reward processing abnormalities in mood disorders are driven by dysregulated motivational systems; MDD is characterized by blunted responses to reward cues, and bipolar disorder is characterized by heightened responses. In contrast, we argue that reward processing disruptions in schizophrenia do not reflect abnormalities in motivation or hedonic experience; rather, they reflect impairments in the cognitive representation of past and future rewards as well as misdirected attention to irrelevant stimuli. To integrate these findings, we present a neurodevelopmental framework for the onset of mood and psychotic disorders and explore how disruptions in normative brain development contribute to their pathophysiology, timing, and onset. Additionally, we move beyond viewing these conditions as homogeneous disorders and discuss how reward processing profiles may align with specific symptom dimensions.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rinad S. Beidas, Meredith Boyd, Elizabeth Casline, Kelli Scott, Zabin Patel-Syed, Chynna Mills, Brian Mustanski, Simone Schriger, Faith Summersett Williams, Claire Waller, Sarah A. Helseth, Sara J. Becker
{"title":"Harnessing Implementation Science in Clinical Psychology: Past, Present, and Future","authors":"Rinad S. Beidas, Meredith Boyd, Elizabeth Casline, Kelli Scott, Zabin Patel-Syed, Chynna Mills, Brian Mustanski, Simone Schriger, Faith Summersett Williams, Claire Waller, Sarah A. Helseth, Sara J. Becker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-021727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-021727","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation science aspires to equitably accelerate the uptake of clinical research into practice to improve population health. The focus of implementation science includes individual behavior change mechanisms that are similar to those that drive the field of clinical psychology. For this reason, clinical psychologists are well-suited to take up implementation science methods in pursuit of improving the quality of behavioral health care. To do so, clinical psychologists must expand beyond individual behavior change to include a focus on organizations and systems. In this review, we reflect on ways that clinical psychologists can lead in the integration of implementation science principles and approaches into clinical psychology research and practice. We discuss the role clinical psychologists play in closing know–do gaps in behavioral health and describe how clinical psychologists can build implementation science competencies. We end with current controversies and opportunities for innovation to further improve the quality of behavioral health care.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nichole Fairbrother, Fiona L. Challacombe, Sheryl M. Green, Heather A. O'Mahen
{"title":"Anxiety and Related Disorders During the Perinatal Period","authors":"Nichole Fairbrother, Fiona L. Challacombe, Sheryl M. Green, Heather A. O'Mahen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020126","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and anxiety-related disorders are, as a group, the most common mental health conditions and are more common among women compared with among men. It is now evident that these disorders affect one in five pregnant and postpartum people and are more common than depression. For some disorders (e.g., obsessive–compulsive disorder), there is also evidence of an elevated risk for their development and exacerbation during perinatal periods. In this article, we review the literature pertaining to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders during the perinatal period. We also provide information related to pregnancy-specific anxiety and fear of childbirth constructs that exist outside of diagnostic classification but are particularly important in the perinatal context. We review the scope, prevalence, and etiology of these disorders as well as comorbidity, screening, assessment, and treatment. We conclude with an overview of some of the key gaps in knowledge and recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheri A. Levinson, Avantika Kapadia, Luis E. Sandoval-Araujo, Irina A. Vanzhula, Karyne Machry
{"title":"Movement Toward Dimensional Symptom Models of Comorbid Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Eating Disorders","authors":"Cheri A. Levinson, Avantika Kapadia, Luis E. Sandoval-Araujo, Irina A. Vanzhula, Karyne Machry","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020831","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid. Despite the high comorbidity, there is little understanding of why these disorders coexist and even less research on how to best treat this co-occurrence. In this article, we review the literature on comorbid OCD-ED and discuss potential underlying shared mechanisms, including anxiety/avoidance, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, habit formation, disgust, shame and guilt, rumination, metacognitive beliefs, and shared biological characteristics. We then discuss prior models of OCD-ED comorbidity and shift the perspective from latent or categorical models to dimensional symptom models (e.g., network models). We describe how dimensional symptom models could advance the conceptualization, treatment, and prevention of comorbid OCD-ED. Next, we discuss how idiographic (one-person) symptom models could advance personalized treatment and provide a treatment example. Finally, we discuss future research needed to advance the field and improve treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Youth with Behavioral Health Symptoms in the Juvenile Legal System: From Assessment of Needs to Interventions to Scalability","authors":"Kathleen Kemp, Kaitlin Sheerin, Casey Pederson, Miyah Grant, Crosby Modrowski, Anthony Spirito","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-021503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-021503","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the current state of assessment and clinical intervention approaches for youth with juvenile legal system (JLS) involvement. The review includes (<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) a brief overview of characteristics of youth with JLS involvement; (<jats:italic>b</jats:italic>) current screening and assessment frameworks within the JLS that identify treatment needs; (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) an overview of effective clinical interventions for common behavioral health concerns among youth with JLS involvement, including information about tailoring interventions to address the multiple intersecting identities (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation) of youth within the JLS; and (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic>) an overview of implementation models and scalability of interventions.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathways to Crime and Antisocial Behavior: A Critical Analysis of Psychological Research and a Call for Broader Ecological Perspectives","authors":"Edelyn Verona, Bryanna Fox","doi":"10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-024754","url":null,"abstract":"The United States has one of the highest rates of correctional supervision among all nations in the world, reflecting the disproportionate incarceration of racial minorities and economically disadvantaged groups. Scholars have emphasized the role of structural factors and governmental policies in long-term shifts in crime and incarceration. However, much of the psychological research on crime and antisocial behaviors has not deeply considered this broader context, focusing mostly on individual and proximal environmental risk factors. This article presents a novel synthesis of large cross-disciplinary literatures that have not been previously integrated. After a brief summary of dominant themes in psychological research on the topic, we review the strong evidence, primarily from fields outside of psychology, for structural forces that explain pathways into criminal justice involvement, independent of individual-level explanations. A broader ecological framework is outlined to help unconfound individual and structural influences, with the hope of motivating policy change that is evidence-based and equitable.","PeriodicalId":50755,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}