Anthropological Science最新文献_第8页

Prevalence of dental caries and antemortem tooth loss at Pacopampa in an initial stage of social stratification in Peru’s northern highlands 在秘鲁北部高地社会分层的初始阶段，帕科帕帕的龋齿患病率和生前牙齿脱落

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.210505

T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, K. Uzawa, W. Morita, D. M. Chocano

{"title":"Prevalence of dental caries and antemortem tooth loss at Pacopampa in an initial stage of social stratification in Peru’s northern highlands","authors":"T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, K. Uzawa, W. Morita, D. M. Chocano","doi":"10.1537/ase.210505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.210505","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the occurrence of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) in skeletal remains from Pacopampa, a Formative period site in Peru. We sought to identify variations in carious lesions and AMTL within and between groups to uncover insights into social stratification and subsistence. Targets were permanent teeth and alveoli from skeletal remains from the Pacopampa I (1200–700 BCE) and Pacopampa II (700–400 BCE) phases. In this study, rates of carious lesions and AMTL were analyzed in relation to cultural phase, age, sex, and burial type. The results revealed that rates varied by age (AMTL rates increased with age), sex (females exhibited higher carious and AMTL rates than males), and burial type (individuals buried with precious goods demonstrated lower carious and AMTL rates than other individuals). It is concluded that skeletal remains from the early stages of Andean social stratification revealed significant variations in dental caries and AMTL across cultural and biological factors. This study identified differences in the appearance of carious lesions and AMTL rates during the emergence of social stratification in the Central Andes in the Formative period. Future studies that explore diet using stable isotopic data are needed to test the assumption that variations in dental caries and AMTL are related to dietary patterns.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sexual dimorphism and population variation in mandibular variables: a study on a contemporary Indian population 性别二态性和下颌变量的种群变异:对当代印度人口的研究

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2108282

Vineeta Saini, Aman Chowdhry, Mitalee Mehta

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism and population variation in mandibular variables: a study on a contemporary Indian population","authors":"Vineeta Saini, Aman Chowdhry, Mitalee Mehta","doi":"10.1537/ase.2108282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.2108282","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual dimorphism in a population varies over time due to temporal changes and data on this need to be updated regularly. Further, each population needs its own sex-discriminating anthropometric standards, which can be used on unknown skeletal remains of that population. Sex estimation of frag -mented, buried, or burnt remains in which sex-discriminating morphological traits are often impossible to discern presents a huge problem for anthropologists, archaeologists, and forensic experts. The mandi ble—a strong bone usually found with other skeletal remains—is considered highly sexually dimorphic. In the current study, we investigated the reliability of mandibular dimorphism for sex estimation using 17 variables in the contemporary Indian population. The study included 385 adult mandibles of known sex and age collected from the two medical colleges in northern India. After the measurement of all variables, they were subjected to discriminant function analysis. All variables showed significantly larg er dimensions in males except one. The most dimorphic variables included length measurements fol lowed by height; breadth measurements were the least dimorphic. The gonion–gnathion length emerged as the most dimorphic parameter, with sexing of 79.5%. The stepwise and direct analysis resulted in 81.1% and 84.7% accuracy, representing the mandible as highly dimorphic. Factors that affect sexing accuracy and selection of the best variables are also explored and discussed.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Understanding Soanian occurrences at Bam locality of Siwalik frontal range, north-western India 了解印度西北部Siwalik锋面山脉Bam地区的Soanian矿床

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ASE.201001

Worrel Kumar Bain, D. Bezbaruah

{"title":"Understanding Soanian occurrences at Bam locality of Siwalik frontal range, north-western India","authors":"Worrel Kumar Bain, D. Bezbaruah","doi":"10.1537/ASE.201001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE.201001","url":null,"abstract":"Paleolithic evidence of the Indian subcontinent is often expressed through the wealth of lithic antiquities from the Stone Age. In this region, the earliest known lithic remains comprise simple cores and flakes recovered from the Siwalik Hills. The Siwalik Hills are the foothills of the southern edge of the Himalayas, and area goldmine zone for Soanian lithic implements. Although Acheulean remains have also been reported, their occurrences are few. Nevertheless, these remains have been known date from the Pleistocene, which shows varied patterns of land use and intraregional versatility. In the Siwalik Hills, Soanian implements are of two kinds: (i) a chopper type of the Lower Paleolithic period and (ii) a flake type belonging to the Middle Paleolithic period. The present study was undertaken at a newly dis covered Stone Age locality, Bam, located within the frontal range of the Siwalik Hills in the Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The area under study plays an important role in understanding the relationship between people and land. The paper explores the Soanian cultural remains of the site to obtain an in-depth understanding of its nature against the backdrop of raw material availability and exploitation. The study also throws light on the local geological and geomorphological settings of the area.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The human remains of the funerary complex of Neferhotep (XVIIIth–XXth Dynasty, Valley of the Nobles, Luxor, Egypt): taphonomy and anthropology 内费尔霍特普(第十八至第二十王朝，贵族谷，卢克索，埃及)墓葬群的人类遗骸:地药学和人类学

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.210507

R. D’Anastasio, J. Cilli, Iuri Icaro, C. Tanga, L. Capasso

{"title":"The human remains of the funerary complex of Neferhotep (XVIIIth–XXth Dynasty, Valley of the Nobles, Luxor, Egypt): taphonomy and anthropology","authors":"R. D’Anastasio, J. Cilli, Iuri Icaro, C. Tanga, L. Capasso","doi":"10.1537/ase.210507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.210507","url":null,"abstract":"The Valley of the Nobles is a burial area that is located between the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens, together with which it constitutes the Theban Necropolis. The Valley of the Nobles houses the tombs of ancient aristocratic families, which include the monumental complex of the Neferhotep tomb, catalogued as TT49 (XVIIIth Dynasty). The funerary monument of Neferhotep also includes tombs TT187, TT347, TT348, TT362, and TT363, although tombs TT347, TT348 (Ramessid Period), and TT363 (XIXth Dynasty) remain closed. Tombs TT49, TT187, and TT362 contained numerous human remains in different states of conservation. Those in tomb TT187 were attributable to at least 71 individuals, who showed evident signs of combustion, and also taphonomic alterations that had occurred in recent decades. The context of tomb TT362 was different, as it contained animal and human mummified remains that were disarticulated and showed few signs of exposure to high temperatures. These remains were attributable to 64 individuals. Tomb TT49 contained the remains of a single individual inside the burial chamber. The taphonomic and anthropological data suggest that the tombs within the funerary complex of Neferhotep were frequented not only by modern populations, as they also testify to the ancient reuse of tombs in different phases from the Ramessid to Ptolemaic periods.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Ibaloi fire mummies: the art and science of mummification in the Philippines 伊巴洛伊火木乃伊:菲律宾木乃伊制作的艺术和科学

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.210422

Mark B. Carascal, I. Fontanilla, Maria Corazon Abogado De Ungria

{"title":"The Ibaloi fire mummies: the art and science of mummification in the Philippines","authors":"Mark B. Carascal, I. Fontanilla, Maria Corazon Abogado De Ungria","doi":"10.1537/ase.210422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.210422","url":null,"abstract":"The Ibaloi fire mummies are preserved ancient remains of Ibaloi, one of the indigenous peo ples of the northern Philippines. The locals kept the traditional Ibaloi mummification through oral tradi -tions, but the current generation no longer conducts the actual practice. We categorized the mummifica tion steps into preprocessing, smoking, and postprocessing. The preprocessing involved a ‘saltwater purge,’ washing, positioning the body onto a ‘death chair,’ removing the epidermis, and ‘deworming.’ The smoking process, from which the name ‘fire mummy’ was derived, involved the smoking of a body under a low-lit woodfire. The postprocessing involved sun-drying and application of a plant concoction to the body. Notably, the traditional Ibaloi mummification process shares similarities with other mummi fication practices elsewhere. This paper provides a systematic review of the traditional Ibaloi mummifi cation and highlights the essential physical and chemical processes involved in body preservation. We want to encourage more interdisciplinary studies on the Ibaloi fire mummies to identify potential appli cations of the traditional process in corpse preservation. We also hope to contribute to discourses with people from multicultural backgrounds to increase our understanding of the history and culture of an cient human settlements in the Philippines and the Asia-Pacific.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Sarasins’ Collection of Historical Sri Lankan Crania Sarasins收藏的斯里兰卡历史蔓越莓

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-08-08 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200428

Samanti Kulatilake

引用次数: 1

Bioarchaeology of human skeletons from an elite tomb at Pacopampa in Peru’s northern highlands 秘鲁北部高地帕科帕帕一座精英墓中人类骨骼的生物考古

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200218

T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, J. Hidalgo, D. M. Chocano

{"title":"Bioarchaeology of human skeletons from an elite tomb at Pacopampa in Peru’s northern highlands","authors":"T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, J. Hidalgo, D. M. Chocano","doi":"10.1537/ase.200218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200218","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacopampa site is one of the largest Formative Period sites in Peru’s northern highlands. This study describes newly excavated human remains from the site, compares them with previous findings, and provides bioarchaeological approaches to assess social stratification in Formative Period Andes, leading to an understanding of how social stratification emerged in the Andean civilization. The human remains studied were two individuals from an elite tomb (the ‘Serpent-Jaguar Priests’ tomb) at the ceremonial center of the site. At the bottom of the tomb, a middle-aged female was laid over the remains of a young male. The central position of the tomb and the rich repertoire of grave goods suggest that these individuals had symbolic importance and belonged to an elite social group. The possible presence of artificial cranial deformation in the female suggests that the buried individuals were socially different from the other burial individuals of this site. There is no dental caries in these two individuals. The comparison of caries frequencies between these two individuals and non-elites showed lower caries frequencies in the former than in the latter. Taking into consideration existing isotopic data of Formative Period sites, the social differences in the caries frequencies can be attributed to the elites’ dietary patterns—which contained fewer cariogenic foods. Thus, this study revealed the emergence of social stratification in Peru’s northern highlands and its possible pathological impacts.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.200218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49483112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from Verteba Cave, Ukraine: insights into the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cucuteni–Tripolye culture 乌克兰维特巴洞穴古代人类线粒体DNA的分析：新石器时代晚期Chalcolitic Cucuteni–Tripolye文化的见解

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200205

Ryan W. Schmidt, Ken Wakabayashi, D. Waku, Takashi Gakuhari, Kae Koganebuchi, Motoyuki Ogawa, J. Karsten, Mykhailo Sokhatsky, Hiroki Oota

{"title":"Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from Verteba Cave, Ukraine: insights into the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cucuteni–Tripolye culture","authors":"Ryan W. Schmidt, Ken Wakabayashi, D. Waku, Takashi Gakuhari, Kae Koganebuchi, Motoyuki Ogawa, J. Karsten, Mykhailo Sokhatsky, Hiroki Oota","doi":"10.1537/ase.200205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200205","url":null,"abstract":"Verteba Cave (VC) in western Ukraine dates to the Eneolithic period (c. 5500 YBP), and contains the largest collection yet found of human skeletal remains associated with the Cucuteni–Tripolye culture. The subsistence economy of this people was based on agropastoralism, and included some of the largest and densest Middle Neolithic settlement sites in all of Europe. To understand further the evolutionary history of the Tripolye people, we examined population genetics patterns in mitochondrial DNA from ancient human remains excavated from VC chambers. From five commingled and secondary burial sites within the cave, we obtained 368 bp mtDNA HVR 1 sequences from 22 individuals assignable to eight haplogroups: H (three haplotypes), HV (two haplotypes), W, K, and T. Overall nucleotide diversity is low (π = 0.00621). The two largest samples, from Chamber G3 and Site 7, were significantly differentiated with respect to haplotype composition: G3 (n = 8) is dominated by haplotype W (π = 0), whereas Site 7 (n = 15) is dominated by H haplotypes (π = 0.00439). Tajima’s D as an indication of population expansion was not significantly negative for the complete sample (D = –1.37) or for sites G3 (D = –0.973) and 7 (D = –1.35), which were analyzed separately. Individuals from the Tripolye culture buried at VC c. 5500 YBP had predominantly haplogroup H and related haplotypes. This contrasts with predominantly haplogroup U individuals in pre Eneolithic peoples from the same area, which suggests lack of genetic continuity in a site that has been dated to the Mesolithic. Peoples of the Tripolye culture are more closely related to other early European farmers than to Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and/or preEneolithic cultures.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.200205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49533192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

New forelimb long bone specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the Middle Miocene of northern Kenya 肯尼亚北部中新世中期kerioi Nacholapithecus前肢长骨新标本

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-17 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200116

Tomo Takano, M. Nakatsukasa, M. Pina, Y. Kunimatsu, Y. Nakano, Naoki Morimoto, N. Ogihara, H. Ishida

{"title":"New forelimb long bone specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the Middle Miocene of northern Kenya","authors":"Tomo Takano, M. Nakatsukasa, M. Pina, Y. Kunimatsu, Y. Nakano, Naoki Morimoto, N. Ogihara, H. Ishida","doi":"10.1537/ase.200116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200116","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports eight new humeral, ulnar, and radial fragments of Nacholapithecus kerioi collected from Nachola, Kenya during the 1998/1999 field seasons. The study refines the description of its forelimb bones, which was mostly based on a single partial skeleton. The most distinctive feature of the distal humerus is a large, globular, medially tilted capitulum. The groove between the capitulum and the zona conoidea is quite deep. The medial part of the humeral trochlea is also diagnostic in showing a less salient medial border. The medial epicondyle is moderately long and more posteriorly reflected than was previously presumed. The coronoid process of the ulna is quite wide. Its medial portion is distinctly concave. The ulnar shaft is anteroposteriorly deep in its proximal half, slender, straight in frontal view, and weakly anteriorly bowing. The elbow of Nacholapithecus exhibits a primitive functional pat-tern as a hominoid, including lack of universal stability of the humeroulnar joint through full extension and flexion, restriction of hyperextension of the elbow, and relatively anteroposteriorly oriented loading at the proximal ulna. On the other hand, it is derived in terms of enhanced rotational mobility and stability of the radius, incipiently increased stability at the humeroulnar joint, and more frequent maximum extension of the elbow compared to proconsulids. This mosaic morphology is different from both early Miocene proconsulids and later suspensory or orthograde European fossil apes. Although Nacholapithecus was neither suspensory nor orthograde, its forelimbs may have played a greater role for body support or balance maintenance, more frequently reaching to and exploiting overhead supports than in early Miocene proconsulids.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.200116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Depressed skull fracture at Pacopampa in the Peru’s northern highlands in the Late Cajamarca Period 卡哈马卡晚期秘鲁北部高地帕科帕帕凹陷性颅骨骨折

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2004061

T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, Mauro Ordoñez Livia, D. M. Chocano

引用次数: 0