Anthropological Science最新文献_第9页

A stabilized maternal mortality rate estimator for biased skeletal samples 有偏差的骨骼样本的稳定的产妇死亡率估计

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2005051

Clare McFadden, Britta Tiel, M. Oxenham

引用次数: 2

Constant sex difference across populations in liability of nonmetric traits 非度量性状倾向性在种群间存在恒定的性别差异

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2004062

A. Tagaya

{"title":"Constant sex difference across populations in liability of nonmetric traits","authors":"A. Tagaya","doi":"10.1537/ase.2004062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.2004062","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have revealed the existence of statistically significant sex differences in the frequen cy of nonmetric traits, but no agreement seems to exist about their variability among populations. This problem was examined using the multifactorial threshold model. Considering the assumption of additive effects of factors on the liability and the nature of effect of sex difference on the development of nonmet ric traits, it would be reasonable to assume that the sex difference in the mean of liability is constant across populations. This hypothesis was tested and the magnitude of sex difference was examined using the world-wide dataset collected by Ossenberg and the dual-liability threshold model formulated by the author with a modification to accommodate side difference in the probability of trait occurrence. The data were divided into 16 samples regarded as randomly sampled from regional populations. The data of 31 bilateral traits were analyzed using maximum likelihood estimation procedures. After confirming the homogeneity of the variance of liability between sexes and across populations, the homogeneity and significance of sex difference in the mean of liability were tested. The results indicate the homogeneity of sex difference across populations. The assumed constant sex difference was statistically significant in 17 traits at the 1% level, and its magnitude exceeded half the averaged distance between eight groups of populations in 12 traits. Population comparisons without distinguishing sex are justifiable if they use the traits with enough weak sex difference in comparison with population differences. Since the sex differ ence has proved to be basically constant across populations, the estimates of the assumed constant sex difference reported in this study would provide references for selecting traits appropriate for each com -parison. The Breslow–Day test of homogeneity of sex difference indicated the inapplicability of the genotype model to the data, supporting Ossenberg’s proposal for the use of side counts.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Akira Tagaya (2019) Tetrachoric correlation of bilateral nonmetric traits: a defect in the conventional procedure and a proposal for two alternative estimation methods. Anthropological Science, 127(1): 39–45. Akira Tagaya(2019)双边非度量特征的四分频相关性:传统程序的缺陷和两种替代估计方法的建议。科学通报，2009(1):39-45。

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.190227e

引用次数: 0

Variation in the intertrochanteric line in a modern human population from southwestern China (19th–20th centuries) 中国西南地区现代人群股骨粗隆间线的变异(19 - 20世纪)

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200224

Jiaming Hui, Wu Liu, K. Carlson, P. Wei

{"title":"Variation in the intertrochanteric line in a modern human population from southwestern China (19th–20th centuries)","authors":"Jiaming Hui, Wu Liu, K. Carlson, P. Wei","doi":"10.1537/ase.200224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200224","url":null,"abstract":"The intertrochanteric line on the proximal human femur has been the focus of paleoanthropological study for several decades, as it is thought to be a defining characteristic of bipedalism. Expres sion of this trait is highly variable in human fossils. However, the relatively narrow range of modern human groups in which its expression has been documented limits understanding of its variability and interpretation of its meaning. Our study analyzed variation in the expression of the intertrochanteric line in a population comprising young, middle and old age groups living in the 19th–20th centuries in Kunming city, southwestern China. Results showed that this trait was not equally present in all age groups. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in frequencies of absence between the age groups, and also highlighted strong correlations between age and the degree of expression of the intertrochanteric line. It was more frequently absent or subtly expressed in young individuals, while individuals in the middle and old age groups tended to exhibit a more pronounced expression of this feature. The degree of expression of the intertrochanteric line also differed significantly between sexes, and it was significantly positively correlated with body size. Interestingly, the degree of expression of the intertrochanteric line rarely exhibited significant correlations with magnitudes of cross-sectional geometric properties of the femoral diaphysis, used as proxy measurements for physical activity patterns.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines 对菲律宾棉兰老岛东北部埃斯卡隆洞穴中发现的人类骨骼遗骸的综合研究

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200706

K. Omoto, H. Baba, E. Kanazawa, M. Yoneda, K. Shinoda, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Tsuneo Kakuda, Noboru Adachi, K. Sakaue, F. Almeda, L. Bauzon

{"title":"An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines","authors":"K. Omoto, H. Baba, E. Kanazawa, M. Yoneda, K. Shinoda, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Tsuneo Kakuda, Noboru Adachi, K. Sakaue, F. Almeda, L. Bauzon","doi":"10.1537/ase.200706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200706","url":null,"abstract":"We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left tempo ral bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult male, whom we named the Escalon Man. Using the femur sample, we estimated the 14 C date of the individual at 2692 ± 39 years BP (uncalibrat -ed). His stature, estimated from the maximum femur length, was about 170 cm—this makes him much taller than the Aeta and the Mamanwa, who are indigenous negrito hunter-gatherers of the Philippines. The femur is sturdy and shows well-developed muscle markings. Numerous narrow grooves on the hu merus were found in close proximity to each other, but we could not prove whether these are artificial cut marks made by humans with sharp-edged tools or scratches from some non-human entity. The me siodistal crown diameters of the molar and premolars are large and resemble those of native Oceanians. Analysis of mtDNA haplogroup was carried out using a DNA sample extracted from a molar. A next-generation sequencer was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA genome. The results indicated that the Escalon Man belongs to the haplogroup E1a1a, which is known to be the mark er of Austronesian-speaking agriculturist populations that originated in Taiwan and spread southwards through the Philippines to the Western Pacific, since about 4000 BP. Thus, the Escalon Man was likely a member of the late Neolithic or early Metal Age agriculturist peoples who settled in northeastern Min danao and who may be the ancestors of the territory’s present-day occupants, such as the Manobo.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ancestry estimation using image analysis of orbital shapes from Thai and Japanese skulls 利用泰国和日本头骨的轨道形状图像分析估算祖先

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200128

Natthamon Pureepatpong Kongkasuriyachai, Patison Palee, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree, P. Mahakkanukrauh

{"title":"Ancestry estimation using image analysis of orbital shapes from Thai and Japanese skulls","authors":"Natthamon Pureepatpong Kongkasuriyachai, Patison Palee, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree, P. Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.1537/ase.200128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200128","url":null,"abstract":"The orbital shape is one of the most ambiguous features for morphological study in ancestry estimation. Recent research has used digital image analysis to obtain more objective and better results. The aim of this study was to create a method and formula to determine ancestry using image analysis of orbital shapes from skulls of Thai and Japanese individuals. This pilot study applied two-dimensional digital image processing techniques to analyze 440 skulls comprising 220 modern Thai and 220 modern Japanese samples of known identities. The image analysis involved four steps: pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Five shape measurements of both the left and right orbital rims were selected and a formula was derived using multivariate discriminant analysis. Another set of 68 Thai and Japanese skulls was used as a blind test set for accuracy. The formula had a predicted and cross-validated accuracy of 80.7% and a tested accuracy of 86.8%. This methodology potentially increases the utility of orbital shapes for ancestry estimation, especially between these two subgroups of Asians.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sesamoids of the pollical metacarpophalangeal joint and the evolution of hominoid hands 拇掌指关节的芝麻状结构与人类手的进化

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2019-10-12 DOI: 10.1537/ase.190908

M. Nakatsukasa, Naoki Morimoto, Takeshi Nishimura

{"title":"Sesamoids of the pollical metacarpophalangeal joint and the evolution of hominoid hands","authors":"M. Nakatsukasa, Naoki Morimoto, Takeshi Nishimura","doi":"10.1537/ase.190908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.190908","url":null,"abstract":"Sesamoids of the metacarpophalangeal joint are tiny bones located in the volar plate and articulated with the metacarpal head. Almost all living humans have radial and ulnar sesamoids in their pollical metacarpophalangeal joints. These bones protect and guide the tendon of the long (= extrinsic) pollical flexor. Whereas this condition is considered to be primitive for primates, living great apes have a tendency to lose these pollical sesamoids. Susman (Science 1994; 265: 1570–1573) correlated the loss of the pollical sesamoids in living great apes with the remarkable reduction/loss of the tendon of the long pollical flexor. However, the prevalence of these pollical sesamoids in chimpanzees drastically differs among previous studies. Thus, we CT-scanned cadavers of 12 chimpanzees, four gorillas, and two orangutans, and investigated the frequency of pollical metacarpophalangeal joint sesamoids in these apes. Combining our findings with previously reported data gave updated frequencies of 21% in chimpanzees ( n = 24) and 0% in gorillas ( n = 7) and orangutans ( n = 6). This result is in accordance with the purport-ed independent reduction (or loss) of the tendon of extrinsic flexor of the pollex in great apes (Diogo et al., Journal of Human Evolution 2012; 63: 64–78) and underscores the view that living great apes independently lost this tendon–sesamoid complex. Given that a reduction (or loss) of the tendon of extrinsic pollical flexor in great apes is a trade-off between emphasis on hook grips and pollical reduction, human hands have not experienced specialization for hook grips and retain the primitive condition in this re-gard. Orangutans and chimpanzees independently specialized for hook grips. The case for gorillas, whose hand proportion is similar to that of humans, is equivocal. Gorilla hands may have attained their current state secondarily or they may have lost the powerful extrinsic flexor of the pollex for reasons other than specialized hook grips.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.190908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44565830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Heian-period human skeletal remains from the Shomyoji shell midden in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture 神奈川县横滨市将军司贝壳midden的平安时期人类骨骼遗骸

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2019-09-06 DOI: 10.1537/ase.190710

Yasuo Hagihara, Tomoki Ohtani, Yuka Hatano, M. Yoneda, Toshihiko Suzuki, Fumiko Saeki, J. Sawada, Ryoko Koibuchi, T. Nara

引用次数: 0

Newly discovered Middle Pleistocene hominid-bearing deposits from the Lower Awash basin, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚下阿瓦什盆地新发现的中更新世含人矿床

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2019-08-22 DOI: 10.1537/ASE.190603

Yonatan Sahle, D. Giusti, Vangelis Tourloukis

{"title":"Newly discovered Middle Pleistocene hominid-bearing deposits from the Lower Awash basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Yonatan Sahle, D. Giusti, Vangelis Tourloukis","doi":"10.1537/ASE.190603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE.190603","url":null,"abstract":"Recent paleoanthropological surveys conducted in the Lower Awash basin (Afar Rift) have led to the discovery of new localities. Here we announce and describe the latest addition to the roster of hominid-bearing research areas in this basin. Located east of the modern Awash River and west of the Megenta mountain ridge, localities in the new research area contain extensive clay and silty-sand deposits variably capped by a widespread sandstone layer rich in archaeology and vertebrate fossils. Some of the localities are associated with volcanic tuffs suitable for radioisotopic age determination. A Middle Pleistocene antiquity is strongly inferred from the sampled fauna and archaeology; precise age estimates await results from ongoing tephra geochronological and geochemical analyses. Much of the archaeology falls under the conventional category of late Acheulean; assemblages identifiable as ‘Middle’ and ‘Later Stone Age’ are documented in a few localities. The vertebrate fauna from the closely probed Acheulean and hominid-bearing localities indicates a relatively wooded, near-water habitat. The cranial and postcranial fossil hominid (and faunal) remains from the new localities promise insights into the patterns of human evolution across the Middle Pleistocene, a period currently poorly understood. Similarly, the archaeological occurrences provide unique opportunities for testing outstanding hypotheses about the origin of nuanced technologies and behaviors across the later Middle Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE.190603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopic reconstruction of human diet in a mountainous woodland village in Sendaiji in premodern Japan 前现代日本仙台市林地村落人类饮食碳、氮、硫稳定同位素重建

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2019-06-21 DOI: 10.1537/ASE.190403

Takumi Tsutaya, M. Yoneda, M. Abe, T. Nagaoka

{"title":"Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopic reconstruction of human diet in a mountainous woodland village in Sendaiji in premodern Japan","authors":"Takumi Tsutaya, M. Yoneda, M. Abe, T. Nagaoka","doi":"10.1537/ASE.190403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE.190403","url":null,"abstract":"The reconstruction of everyday diets in villages is important for understanding the diversity of diets and commerce networks of food items in premodern Japan. However, premodern diets in villages have not been well studied compared with those in cities. In this study, stable isotope analyses were performed on 23 adult human skeletons excavated from Sendaiji, a mountainous woodland village of underground Christians in Osaka in premodern Japan. No significant isotopic differences was found between individuals identified as Buddhists and those identified as Christians or between females and males. The total mean carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios were –21.1 ± 0.4‰, 11.6 ± 1.0‰, and 8.9 ± 1.3‰, respectively. The carbon isotope ratios in Sendaiji were the lowest among the studied premodern populations probably because these individuals consumed woodland foods that are affected by the canopy effect. No significant correlation between sulfur and nitrogen isotope ratios was apparent, suggesting that there was little contribution from marine foods or marine fertilizers to the diet of individuals in premodern Sendaiji. The relatively high nitrogen isotope ratios in Sendaiji were possibly because of the denitrification in paddy rice fields, ammonium uptake by paddy rice, use of animal fertilizers, and/ or consumption of freshwater fish. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed bioarchaeological study of the premodern diet in a mountainous village in western Japan.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45235782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2