Anthropological Science最新文献_第6页

The Sarasins’ Collection of Historical Sri Lankan Crania Sarasins收藏的斯里兰卡历史蔓越莓

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-08-08 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200428

Samanti Kulatilake

引用次数: 1

Bioarchaeology of human skeletons from an elite tomb at Pacopampa in Peru’s northern highlands 秘鲁北部高地帕科帕帕一座精英墓中人类骨骼的生物考古

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200218

T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, J. Hidalgo, D. M. Chocano

{"title":"Bioarchaeology of human skeletons from an elite tomb at Pacopampa in Peru’s northern highlands","authors":"T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, J. Hidalgo, D. M. Chocano","doi":"10.1537/ase.200218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200218","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacopampa site is one of the largest Formative Period sites in Peru’s northern highlands. This study describes newly excavated human remains from the site, compares them with previous findings, and provides bioarchaeological approaches to assess social stratification in Formative Period Andes, leading to an understanding of how social stratification emerged in the Andean civilization. The human remains studied were two individuals from an elite tomb (the ‘Serpent-Jaguar Priests’ tomb) at the ceremonial center of the site. At the bottom of the tomb, a middle-aged female was laid over the remains of a young male. The central position of the tomb and the rich repertoire of grave goods suggest that these individuals had symbolic importance and belonged to an elite social group. The possible presence of artificial cranial deformation in the female suggests that the buried individuals were socially different from the other burial individuals of this site. There is no dental caries in these two individuals. The comparison of caries frequencies between these two individuals and non-elites showed lower caries frequencies in the former than in the latter. Taking into consideration existing isotopic data of Formative Period sites, the social differences in the caries frequencies can be attributed to the elites’ dietary patterns—which contained fewer cariogenic foods. Thus, this study revealed the emergence of social stratification in Peru’s northern highlands and its possible pathological impacts.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.200218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49483112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from Verteba Cave, Ukraine: insights into the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cucuteni–Tripolye culture 乌克兰维特巴洞穴古代人类线粒体DNA的分析：新石器时代晚期Chalcolitic Cucuteni–Tripolye文化的见解

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200205

Ryan W. Schmidt, Ken Wakabayashi, D. Waku, Takashi Gakuhari, Kae Koganebuchi, Motoyuki Ogawa, J. Karsten, Mykhailo Sokhatsky, Hiroki Oota

{"title":"Analysis of ancient human mitochondrial DNA from Verteba Cave, Ukraine: insights into the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Cucuteni–Tripolye culture","authors":"Ryan W. Schmidt, Ken Wakabayashi, D. Waku, Takashi Gakuhari, Kae Koganebuchi, Motoyuki Ogawa, J. Karsten, Mykhailo Sokhatsky, Hiroki Oota","doi":"10.1537/ase.200205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200205","url":null,"abstract":"Verteba Cave (VC) in western Ukraine dates to the Eneolithic period (c. 5500 YBP), and contains the largest collection yet found of human skeletal remains associated with the Cucuteni–Tripolye culture. The subsistence economy of this people was based on agropastoralism, and included some of the largest and densest Middle Neolithic settlement sites in all of Europe. To understand further the evolutionary history of the Tripolye people, we examined population genetics patterns in mitochondrial DNA from ancient human remains excavated from VC chambers. From five commingled and secondary burial sites within the cave, we obtained 368 bp mtDNA HVR 1 sequences from 22 individuals assignable to eight haplogroups: H (three haplotypes), HV (two haplotypes), W, K, and T. Overall nucleotide diversity is low (π = 0.00621). The two largest samples, from Chamber G3 and Site 7, were significantly differentiated with respect to haplotype composition: G3 (n = 8) is dominated by haplotype W (π = 0), whereas Site 7 (n = 15) is dominated by H haplotypes (π = 0.00439). Tajima’s D as an indication of population expansion was not significantly negative for the complete sample (D = –1.37) or for sites G3 (D = –0.973) and 7 (D = –1.35), which were analyzed separately. Individuals from the Tripolye culture buried at VC c. 5500 YBP had predominantly haplogroup H and related haplotypes. This contrasts with predominantly haplogroup U individuals in pre Eneolithic peoples from the same area, which suggests lack of genetic continuity in a site that has been dated to the Mesolithic. Peoples of the Tripolye culture are more closely related to other early European farmers than to Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and/or preEneolithic cultures.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.200205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49533192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

New forelimb long bone specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the Middle Miocene of northern Kenya 肯尼亚北部中新世中期kerioi Nacholapithecus前肢长骨新标本

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-03-17 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200116

Tomo Takano, M. Nakatsukasa, M. Pina, Y. Kunimatsu, Y. Nakano, Naoki Morimoto, N. Ogihara, H. Ishida

{"title":"New forelimb long bone specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the Middle Miocene of northern Kenya","authors":"Tomo Takano, M. Nakatsukasa, M. Pina, Y. Kunimatsu, Y. Nakano, Naoki Morimoto, N. Ogihara, H. Ishida","doi":"10.1537/ase.200116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200116","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports eight new humeral, ulnar, and radial fragments of Nacholapithecus kerioi collected from Nachola, Kenya during the 1998/1999 field seasons. The study refines the description of its forelimb bones, which was mostly based on a single partial skeleton. The most distinctive feature of the distal humerus is a large, globular, medially tilted capitulum. The groove between the capitulum and the zona conoidea is quite deep. The medial part of the humeral trochlea is also diagnostic in showing a less salient medial border. The medial epicondyle is moderately long and more posteriorly reflected than was previously presumed. The coronoid process of the ulna is quite wide. Its medial portion is distinctly concave. The ulnar shaft is anteroposteriorly deep in its proximal half, slender, straight in frontal view, and weakly anteriorly bowing. The elbow of Nacholapithecus exhibits a primitive functional pat-tern as a hominoid, including lack of universal stability of the humeroulnar joint through full extension and flexion, restriction of hyperextension of the elbow, and relatively anteroposteriorly oriented loading at the proximal ulna. On the other hand, it is derived in terms of enhanced rotational mobility and stability of the radius, incipiently increased stability at the humeroulnar joint, and more frequent maximum extension of the elbow compared to proconsulids. This mosaic morphology is different from both early Miocene proconsulids and later suspensory or orthograde European fossil apes. Although Nacholapithecus was neither suspensory nor orthograde, its forelimbs may have played a greater role for body support or balance maintenance, more frequently reaching to and exploiting overhead supports than in early Miocene proconsulids.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ase.200116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Depressed skull fracture at Pacopampa in the Peru’s northern highlands in the Late Cajamarca Period 卡哈马卡晚期秘鲁北部高地帕科帕帕凹陷性颅骨骨折

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2004061

T. Nagaoka, Yuji Seki, Mauro Ordoñez Livia, D. M. Chocano

引用次数: 0

A stabilized maternal mortality rate estimator for biased skeletal samples 有偏差的骨骼样本的稳定的产妇死亡率估计

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2005051

Clare McFadden, Britta Tiel, M. Oxenham

引用次数: 2

Akira Tagaya (2019) Tetrachoric correlation of bilateral nonmetric traits: a defect in the conventional procedure and a proposal for two alternative estimation methods. Anthropological Science, 127(1): 39–45. Akira Tagaya(2019)双边非度量特征的四分频相关性:传统程序的缺陷和两种替代估计方法的建议。科学通报，2009(1):39-45。

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.190227e

引用次数: 0

Constant sex difference across populations in liability of nonmetric traits 非度量性状倾向性在种群间存在恒定的性别差异

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2004062

A. Tagaya

{"title":"Constant sex difference across populations in liability of nonmetric traits","authors":"A. Tagaya","doi":"10.1537/ase.2004062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.2004062","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have revealed the existence of statistically significant sex differences in the frequen cy of nonmetric traits, but no agreement seems to exist about their variability among populations. This problem was examined using the multifactorial threshold model. Considering the assumption of additive effects of factors on the liability and the nature of effect of sex difference on the development of nonmet ric traits, it would be reasonable to assume that the sex difference in the mean of liability is constant across populations. This hypothesis was tested and the magnitude of sex difference was examined using the world-wide dataset collected by Ossenberg and the dual-liability threshold model formulated by the author with a modification to accommodate side difference in the probability of trait occurrence. The data were divided into 16 samples regarded as randomly sampled from regional populations. The data of 31 bilateral traits were analyzed using maximum likelihood estimation procedures. After confirming the homogeneity of the variance of liability between sexes and across populations, the homogeneity and significance of sex difference in the mean of liability were tested. The results indicate the homogeneity of sex difference across populations. The assumed constant sex difference was statistically significant in 17 traits at the 1% level, and its magnitude exceeded half the averaged distance between eight groups of populations in 12 traits. Population comparisons without distinguishing sex are justifiable if they use the traits with enough weak sex difference in comparison with population differences. Since the sex differ ence has proved to be basically constant across populations, the estimates of the assumed constant sex difference reported in this study would provide references for selecting traits appropriate for each com -parison. The Breslow–Day test of homogeneity of sex difference indicated the inapplicability of the genotype model to the data, supporting Ossenberg’s proposal for the use of side counts.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Variation in the intertrochanteric line in a modern human population from southwestern China (19th–20th centuries) 中国西南地区现代人群股骨粗隆间线的变异(19 - 20世纪)

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200224

Jiaming Hui, Wu Liu, K. Carlson, P. Wei

{"title":"Variation in the intertrochanteric line in a modern human population from southwestern China (19th–20th centuries)","authors":"Jiaming Hui, Wu Liu, K. Carlson, P. Wei","doi":"10.1537/ase.200224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200224","url":null,"abstract":"The intertrochanteric line on the proximal human femur has been the focus of paleoanthropological study for several decades, as it is thought to be a defining characteristic of bipedalism. Expres sion of this trait is highly variable in human fossils. However, the relatively narrow range of modern human groups in which its expression has been documented limits understanding of its variability and interpretation of its meaning. Our study analyzed variation in the expression of the intertrochanteric line in a population comprising young, middle and old age groups living in the 19th–20th centuries in Kunming city, southwestern China. Results showed that this trait was not equally present in all age groups. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in frequencies of absence between the age groups, and also highlighted strong correlations between age and the degree of expression of the intertrochanteric line. It was more frequently absent or subtly expressed in young individuals, while individuals in the middle and old age groups tended to exhibit a more pronounced expression of this feature. The degree of expression of the intertrochanteric line also differed significantly between sexes, and it was significantly positively correlated with body size. Interestingly, the degree of expression of the intertrochanteric line rarely exhibited significant correlations with magnitudes of cross-sectional geometric properties of the femoral diaphysis, used as proxy measurements for physical activity patterns.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines 对菲律宾棉兰老岛东北部埃斯卡隆洞穴中发现的人类骨骼遗骸的综合研究

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.200706

K. Omoto, H. Baba, E. Kanazawa, M. Yoneda, K. Shinoda, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Tsuneo Kakuda, Noboru Adachi, K. Sakaue, F. Almeda, L. Bauzon

{"title":"An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines","authors":"K. Omoto, H. Baba, E. Kanazawa, M. Yoneda, K. Shinoda, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Tsuneo Kakuda, Noboru Adachi, K. Sakaue, F. Almeda, L. Bauzon","doi":"10.1537/ase.200706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.200706","url":null,"abstract":"We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left tempo ral bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult male, whom we named the Escalon Man. Using the femur sample, we estimated the 14 C date of the individual at 2692 ± 39 years BP (uncalibrat -ed). His stature, estimated from the maximum femur length, was about 170 cm—this makes him much taller than the Aeta and the Mamanwa, who are indigenous negrito hunter-gatherers of the Philippines. The femur is sturdy and shows well-developed muscle markings. Numerous narrow grooves on the hu merus were found in close proximity to each other, but we could not prove whether these are artificial cut marks made by humans with sharp-edged tools or scratches from some non-human entity. The me siodistal crown diameters of the molar and premolars are large and resemble those of native Oceanians. Analysis of mtDNA haplogroup was carried out using a DNA sample extracted from a molar. A next-generation sequencer was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA genome. The results indicated that the Escalon Man belongs to the haplogroup E1a1a, which is known to be the mark er of Austronesian-speaking agriculturist populations that originated in Taiwan and spread southwards through the Philippines to the Western Pacific, since about 4000 BP. Thus, the Escalon Man was likely a member of the late Neolithic or early Metal Age agriculturist peoples who settled in northeastern Min danao and who may be the ancestors of the territory’s present-day occupants, such as the Manobo.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0