Anthropological Science最新文献_第5页

Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of ancient human remains found in a 2000-year-old elite Xiongnu cemetery in northeast Mongolia 蒙古东北部一个2000年前的匈奴精英墓地中发现的古人类遗骸的线粒体DNA序列分析

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.220522

K. Kim, Munkhtsetseg Bazarragchaa, K. Kim

引用次数: 0

Human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Höyük, a sedentary hunter-gatherer site in southeast Anatolia 来自Hasankeyf Höyük的人类骨骼残骸，这是安纳托利亚东南部一个定居的狩猎采集者遗址

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.220122

O. Kondo, M. Tashiro, Yutaka Miyake

{"title":"Human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Höyük, a sedentary hunter-gatherer site in southeast Anatolia","authors":"O. Kondo, M. Tashiro, Yutaka Miyake","doi":"10.1537/ase.220122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.220122","url":null,"abstract":"Although early Neolithic Anatolia is a key region for the development of sedentary society by modern humans, osteological studies are limited to specimens from the later period or from other regions such as southern Levant. We examined nearly 100 human skeletal remains from Hasankeyf Höyük, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) site in southeastern Anatolia, which were uncovered during an excavation between 2011 and 2015. A total of 124 individuals were identified as belonging to the Neo lithic period. The adult/subadult ratio was close to 1:1, and the sex proportion was skewed towards an abundance in males. A few stature estimates fell within the variation range for Natufian and Neolithic peoples in the southern Levant and Anatolia. The estimated life expectancy was below 30, from 27 to 30 years old, based on age criteria related to dental wear stage. On the basis of dentognathic evidence, the skeletons exhibited heavy occlusal wear for their age, with a lot of obliquely slanted occlusal surfaces and enamel chipping. The observed oral health and dental abrasion patterns are discussed with regards to the people’s biological/behavioral adaptations to the environment, such as the nutritional quality of their diet, alimentary customs, or any indications that the teeth were used as a ‘third hand.’ The Hasankeyf Höyük people are considered to represent very early sedentary villagers in southeast Anatolia who would not have initiated the domestication of plants and animals.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Archaeological and anthropological views of Jomon society: methods and practices 绳纹社会的考古学和人类学观点:方法和实践

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2202192

Yasuhiro Yamada

引用次数: 0

The impact of oral contact and alloparenting on infant diarrhea in a hunter-gatherer society in Cameroon 喀麦隆狩猎-采集社会中口腔接触和异种养育对婴儿腹泻的影响

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.210926

Tatsuki Konishi, T. Yamauchi

{"title":"The impact of oral contact and alloparenting on infant diarrhea in a hunter-gatherer society in Cameroon","authors":"Tatsuki Konishi, T. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1537/ase.210926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.210926","url":null,"abstract":"As this oral contact behavior common in infants Abstract Diarrhea is among the most common causes of death in children under five years of age. Infants are particularly at risk of ingesting pathogens directly or indirectly because of their frequent oral contact with a variety of objects. In hunter-gatherer societies, the widespread use of alloparenting, in which the infant is cared for by someone other than the biological parents, may play an important role in reducing the risk of infection from oral contact in infants. This study explored the relationship between infant oral contact behavior and diarrhea as well as the effects of alloparenting on infant oral contact behavior and diarrhea in hunter-gatherer societies. We conducted an interview on infant diarrhea and a 6-hour direct observation focused on oral contact and alloparenting of 6 infants (2–28 months) and 29 caregivers (≥4 years). During the observation period, the infants had frequent contact with objects with high risk of infection, with a median of 10.5 events (range, 0–49 events), and 50% ( n = 3) had diarrhea. In addition, infants mainly ate with their hands or from the hands of their caregivers, and there was no hand-washing behavior before eating, suggesting that hand-feeding may increase the risk of transmis sion of pathogens. Our results also showed that the number of caregivers prevented diarrhea in infants. Furthermore, alloparenting of the unique child-rearing patterns of hunter-gatherers contributed to block ing the infants’ contact with objects with high risk of infection. These study findings suggest that allopar enting may play a significant role in reducing the risks of infant diarrhea and infection by oral contact behavior, even when the risk of transmission of pathogens through oral contact among infants may be high, such as in hunter-gatherer societies.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Holocene environmental evolution and human adaptability in a coastal area: a case study of the Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province, eastern China 沿海地区全新世环境演化与人类适应——以山东胶东半岛为例

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.220528

Xiaohui Wang, Long-sheng Wang

引用次数: 1

Sexual dimorphism in crania belonging to the 1st century AD from the tomb of Mentuemhat (TT34), Luxor, Egypt 埃及卢克索Mentuemhat墓(TT34)出土的公元1世纪颅骨的两性异形现象

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.220128

J. Herrerín, M. M. Carmenate

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in crania belonging to the 1st century AD from the tomb of Mentuemhat (TT34), Luxor, Egypt","authors":"J. Herrerín, M. M. Carmenate","doi":"10.1537/ase.220128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.220128","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze the degree of sexual dimorphism of the crania found in room 127 (tomb TT34, Thebes) and to estimate the role of morphometric dimensions in sexual dimorphism. We studied 43 female and 41 male crania. Forty-four metric measurements were taken and 31 indices were calculated. Differences were evaluated using chi-square and Student’s t -tests. A stepwise discriminant analysis with cross-validation was applied. The Sexual Dimorphism Index (SDI) indicates that the values of all variables are higher in males except for the minimum width of the nasal bones and the facial angle. The highest SDI values are observed in the bizygomatic width and in the variables that measure the size of the maxilla (palatal area). In the indices, the biggest differences are found in the craniofacial index ( P < 0.001). Using variables of the neurocranium and splanchnocranium, several highly reliable discriminant functions have been obtained. The most dimorphic variables are related to regions where the cranium connects to the muscles that keep the head upright and allow tilting and ro-tating movements in relation to the trunk. The bizygomatic width and the external biorbital width are the most dimorphic of the facial region, differences that are justified by a greater convexity of the zygomat ic arch which could be related to a hypertrophy of the temporal muscle. The width of the zygomatic arch, its robustness, and the resulting degree of sexual dimorphism may be due to dietary and/or cultural habits related to chewing and the use of the mouth as a tool.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Internal carotid supply to the parietal meninges: a comparative study based on cranio-orbital vascular traces in modern humans and Indonesian Homo erectus 内颈动脉对顶叶脑膜的供应:基于现代人和印度尼西亚直立人颅眶血管痕迹的比较研究

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.211223

Daisuke Kubo

{"title":"Internal carotid supply to the parietal meninges: a comparative study based on cranio-orbital vascular traces in modern humans and Indonesian Homo erectus","authors":"Daisuke Kubo","doi":"10.1537/ase.211223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.211223","url":null,"abstract":"The recurrent branch of the ophthalmic artery which originates from the internal carotid artery, or the recurrent meningeal artery (RMA), often extends to the parietal meninges in non-human haplorrhines. The RMA usually enters the cranial cavity via the superior orbital fissure (SOF) in modern humans and generally via the cranio-orbital foramen (COF) in non-human haplorrhines. The present study aimed to clarify how often the RMA extends its territory to the parietal meninges and via which pathway it enters the cranial cavity in Indonesian Homo erectus . This study also aimed to enhance our knowledge of cranial vascular traces in modern humans. The caliber of the COF and the associated vascular trajectories were examined in 156 sides of 78 modern Japanese crania and 12 sides of eight Indonesian H. erectus specimens. The results showed that two Indonesian H. erectus crania (Sambungmacan 4 and Ngawi) had a large COF unilaterally, via which the RMA probably extended its territory to the parietal region. The prevalence of RMA reaching the parietal region in Indonesian H. erectus (16.7%) was not as high as that in the extant great apes, but significantly higher than that in Homo sapiens (0.6% in this study; 3% at most in general). These results suggest that the SOF-related RMA became predominant in H. sapiens or the ancestor sometime in the Pleistocene, while the middle meningeal artery (MMA) arising from the external carotid–maxillary artery might not have been so enhanced in H. erectus and their ancestral hominins versus modern humans. The possible Influence of encephalization and other factors on the evolutionary changes of the RMA and MMA can be hypothesized based on ontogenetic and hemodynamic assumptions.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals double-buried Jomon individuals excavated from the Ikawazu shell-mound site were not in a mother–child relationship 完整的线粒体基因组测序显示，从ikkawazu贝壳丘遗址出土的双重埋葬的绳纹人没有母子关系

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.220129

D. Waku, Takashi Gakuhari, Kae Koganebuchi, M. Yoneda, O. Kondo, Tadayuki Masuyama, Yasuhiro Yamada, Hiroki Oota

引用次数: 1

A general model for symmetry and asymmetry of nonmetric traits and congenital anomalies and tumors: reviving the proposals sacrificed to false myths 非对称特征、先天性异常和肿瘤的对称和不对称的一般模型:恢复被虚假神话牺牲的建议

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.210814

A. Tagaya

{"title":"A general model for symmetry and asymmetry of nonmetric traits and congenital anomalies and tumors: reviving the proposals sacrificed to false myths","authors":"A. Tagaya","doi":"10.1537/ase.210814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.210814","url":null,"abstract":"Although studies of population affinity based on nonmetric traits have achieved remarkable successes, most of these studies seem to present a methodological problem. Since evidence indicates a threshold model for most nonmetric traits, the use of individual counts in studies would seem to have wasted a considerable amount of useful information to produce less reliable results. A review of relevant articles suggests that the use of this baseless methodology has persisted by neglecting an inconvenient truth. To improve the situation, the author proposes a generalized theory based on the assumption of constant within-individual instabilities, which covers both the standard threshold model and the single-genotype model. The proposed theory proves the general validity of Ossenberg’s proposals, i.e. the use of side counts for threshold traits and an examination of etiology by correlating the proportion of asymmetry and the trait frequency. The data of 28 nonmetric traits collected by Ossenberg were examined using the theory. The proportion of asymmetry was negatively correlated with side counts in all the traits with statistical significance. The threshold model exhibited higher goodness of fit than the single-genotype model for 25 traits. The loss of information caused by using individual counts for threshold traits instead of side counts is estimated to be equivalent to a considerable decrease (16–40%) in sample size. The use of both sides improves the reliability of the tetrachoric estimation of inter-trait correlation comparable to a 1.6- to 2.6-fold increase in the sample size by enabling the use of their four combinations. It was also shown that the theory makes it possible to estimate the penetrance rate of congenital anomalies and tumors from the proportion of asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67029659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strontium isotope analysis on human skeletal remains from the Hobi and Ikawazu shell-mounds in Aichi Prefecture, Japan 日本爱知县霍比和ikkawazu壳丘中人类骨骼遗骸的锶同位素分析

IF 0.7 4区社会学

Anthropological Science Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1537/ase.2202191

Soichiro Kusaka, T. Saito, E. Ishimaru, Yasuhiro Yamada

{"title":"Strontium isotope analysis on human skeletal remains from the Hobi and Ikawazu shell-mounds in Aichi Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Soichiro Kusaka, T. Saito, E. Ishimaru, Yasuhiro Yamada","doi":"10.1537/ase.2202191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase.2202191","url":null,"abstract":"Many human skeletal remains of the Late–Final Jomon period have been found in shell-mounds on the Atsumi peninsula in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Several types of burials have been found, such as mass burial and bone-gathering burials arranged like a square board ( banjo-shuseki burial). In this study, strontium isotope analysis was performed to reveal the meanings of banjo-shuseki burials. The materials included 22 samples of tooth enamel and bones from the Hobi shell-mound, and 30 samples from the Ikawazu shell-mound. The concentration of calcium and strontium was measured, as were the strontium isotope ratios. The results indicated that the tooth enamel from the banjo-shuseki burial exhibited higher strontium isotope ratios than those of tooth enamel from the single burial in Hobi. The tooth enamel from the banjo-shuseki burial and a mass burial in Ikawazu included some individuals with higher strontium isotope ratios. These ratios were higher than the range of the values of human bone samples, modern plants around the sites, and the enamel of terrestrial animals, indicating the possibility that these people grew up in a different place to the sites where they were buried. The individuals in the banjo-shuseki burials may include immigrants who grew up in other areas or their diets incorporated food from other areas.","PeriodicalId":50751,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1