M Di Paolo, A Maiese, A Scatena, M Bonaso, I Marcacci, I Convertino, C Occhipinti, R Pieretti, M Tuccori
{"title":"Fat overload syndrome following intravenous lipid emulsion administration as antidote in suspected anesthetic intoxication: insights from a clinical and forensic case experience.","authors":"M Di Paolo, A Maiese, A Scatena, M Bonaso, I Marcacci, I Convertino, C Occhipinti, R Pieretti, M Tuccori","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Medication errors pose significant risks to patients' health, representing a relevant social and economic issue for the healthcare system. This study focuses on the life-threatening consequences of an overdose of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), used as an antidote for suspected bupivacaine intoxication in a young woman undergoing hip surgery. Shortly after administration of the local anesthetic, the woman experienced cardiac arrest and was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe respiratory failure, metabolic acidosis and deep coma. Despite medical intervention, her condition worsened, leading the medical team to administer ILE for suspected bupivacaine intoxication. The patient's condition did not improve and ultimately resulted in death. The autopsy highlighted a widespread presence of oily material in the vascular system, compatible with an overdose of ILE. At a checking, medical records reported a dose of ILE that was 4-fold higher than the recommended dose in this off-label indication. This case report highlights the important need for healthcare professionals to understand the risks of using ILE as an antidote. Adequate monitoring of these \"sentinel events\" and their critical evaluation can lead to the implementation of specific clinical risk management protocols to reduce the risk for the patient and contain healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 4","pages":"211-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Indelicato, G Baldino, G Burrascano, T Biondo, A Asmundo, G Rotter, C Raffino, E Ventura Spagnolo
{"title":"Homicidal or suicidal death? Evidence-based approach to assessing cause of death in a peculiar forensic case.","authors":"M Indelicato, G Baldino, G Burrascano, T Biondo, A Asmundo, G Rotter, C Raffino, E Ventura Spagnolo","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, the improvement of common standards of forensic practice has received attention to promote an unambiguous and better-quality forensic investigation method. Although most hanging deaths are attributed to suicides, cases occasionally occur due to accidents or homicides. From an investigative point of view, hanging deaths are usually straightforward, but unusual circumstances may raise suspicions of crime. This includes complex suicides, which are rare events pursued by victims with two or more different fatal methods and can be classified as planned or unplanned, depends on whether the methods are applied simultaneously or sequentially. The multiplicity of injuries detected can often lead to misinterpretations, thus making a multidisciplinary approach extremely important.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 44-year-old man, after requesting law enforcement, has been instead found inside a garden of an uninhabited property located a few kilometers away from his own property, suspended from a beam with wire; the wire created a noose at the back of his head, his hands were placed at his neck, and stab wounds were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The crime scene investigation, interview of relatives, autopsy, histological and toxicological examinations, and GAP led to the determination that the death was suicide. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the importance of meticulous investigation and analysis to reach accurate conclusions in forensic cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 1(4)","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C V Di Francesco, L Bruno, C Benassi, L Cozzolino, A Falletta, C Spada
{"title":"Assessment of the informed consent related to healthcare decisions for medically fragile child in italy: a pilot study.","authors":"C V Di Francesco, L Bruno, C Benassi, L Cozzolino, A Falletta, C Spada","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5088","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2024.5088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Italy, the law n. 219/2017 regarding informed consent states that \"Communication time between doctor and patient constitutes treatment time\". Legal guardian is designated as a proxy to consent on the child's behalf. The issue of proxy informed consent should be approached with a model for parent-child decision-making that is participatory, collaborative, respects and supports the autonomy of child by recognizing their evolving capacities. We aim to assess the informed consent related to healthcare decisions for medically fragile child, using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An observational study has been conducted at a Child Neuropsychiatry Service, administering a semi-structured interview with customized questionnaire to examine their capacities in four areas of the MacCAT-T. Results were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient for the cognitive and adaptive levels of the Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale-for-Children (WISC-IV) and the Vineland-Adaptive-Behavior-Scales-II (VABS-II).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MacCAT-T domains Understanding, Appreciation, Reasoning, Expressing a Choice were correlated with the cognitive and adaptive levels of the WISC-IV and the VABS-II. Understanding, Appreciation and Expressing a choice have positive correlation with the Communication and Socialization scores of VABS-II; Reasoning has positive correlation with the Working-Memory-Index scores of the WISC-IV. The study enabled to assess the informed consent processes in vulnerable children and although demonstrating how they participate in their care process in a mostly unconscious way, making the frail children more involved in their own care process was possible. Future studies should assess the impact of incorporating MacCAT-T into standard informed consent in other settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 1(4)","pages":"64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Biondo, G Baldino, G Burrascano, P Tarzia, M Indelicato, A Asmundo, E Ventura Spagnolo
{"title":"Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). Full forensic approach in two cases and review of literature.","authors":"T Biondo, G Baldino, G Burrascano, P Tarzia, M Indelicato, A Asmundo, E Ventura Spagnolo","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5094","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2024.5094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SUDEP is defined as a sudden unexpected death in patients affected by epilepsy, with or without evidence of a seizure, excluding documented status epilepticus, in which postmortem examination does not reveal a toxicologic or anatomic cause of death.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>Here we report two cases observed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Messina, regarding the phenomenon, that were analyzed by a multidisciplinary approach. Meantime a systematic review of literature was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the mechanisms of SUDEP are not fully understood, several studies have allowed the identification of different brain areas whose anomalous stimulation, during epileptic seizures, could interfere with the correct control of cardiovascular and respiratory activities. The study highlights the importance of a complete multidisciplinary forensic approach analyzing different aspects in people affected by epilepsy, with no other cause of death. Furthermore, reinforce the definition of SUDEP for uniform cause-of death certification in these cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 1(4)","pages":"97-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Anomalous Origin of the Accessory Splenic Artery and its Significance in Surgical and Radiological Contexts: A Case Report.","authors":"S Maske, V Deshmukh, B Sontakke, C Kirubhanand","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>During the routine dissection classes for undergraduate medical students, we encountered a rare anatomical variation concerning the aberrant origin and course of the accessory splenic artery. The splenic artery is one of the direct branches of the coeliac trunk. During its tortuous course, it supplies the pancreas with greater curvature of the stomach and spleen. The accessory splenic artery originating from the main trunk of splenic artery, too, follows the same tortuous course while running through the lesser sac and supplies the posterior part of the spleen via the splenophrenic ligament. The accessory splenic artery is gaining clinical importance during various GI surgeries and some radiological procedures. The unnoticed accessory splenic artery damage may result in tremendous bleeding while performing GI-based surgery or radiological investigation like angiography. In our case report, the accessory splenic artery is an aberrant origin from the initial part of the actual splenic artery. Knowledge regarding the origin, course and termination is of utmost importance to GI surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 4","pages":"208-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Macorano, G De Gabriele, A Colucci, S Di Trani, F Introna
{"title":"Interrupted aortic arch: from a singular forensic case to clinical and diagnostic cue.","authors":"E Macorano, G De Gabriele, A Colucci, S Di Trani, F Introna","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormalities of aortic arch include variables related to structure, location, anatomical relationships and collateral vessels. This group includes the malformation known as \"interrupted aortic arch\". During fetal life, oxygenated blood is provided by materno-fetal circulation and own fetal circulation.</p><p><strong>Case report.: </strong>This work discuss of female fetus born without any vital signs at 38th week by 34-years-old primigravida affected by gestational diabetes and anemia gravidarum. Pregnancy was regular. Labor and cardiotocographic tracings were regular, natural delivery; however, at the time of umbilical cord severing the baby went into cardiocirculatory arrest. Autopsy findings were: - hypertrophied right ventricle; - no morphological changes in interventricular septum, - ascending aorta physiologically arose from the left ventricle; after the emergence of the left subclavian artery and the anonymous trunk, it suddenly stopped at cul de sac. Thoracic tract arose as a collateral branch of the pulmonary artery. In addition, Botallo duct was patent. Thus, the diagnosis of death was interruption of aortic arch resulting in cardiogenic shock and irreversible cardiovascular collapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In filed case, newborn presented \"type B\" interruption. Interruption manifests itself between left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. Descending aorta arose from the pulmonary trunk. So that, in this case, right ventricle provided systemic circulation. At delivery, with the severing of the umbilical cord and physiological closure of the Botallo ductus, acute right heart failure and shock occurred. This work aims to be a cue for scientific community, in order to assist clinical and diagnostic knowledge using autopsy data with expost perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 1(4)","pages":"44-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forensic Anthropology in the identification of human remains found at sea: History of two judicial cases connected by the same marine context of discovery.","authors":"A Leggio, F Introna, P Tarzia","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calculating the immersion time at sea of human skeletal remains is a challenge for forensic investigations and the answer to this question would solve many court cases in the shortest possible time. Remains in water create profound structural changes due to countless variables that lead to difficulties in interpretation during investigations.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In this paper, two forensic cases found at sea were analysed, Case A, an extensively skeletonised corpse, and Case B, an isolated, intact foot with soft tissue, both found only 9 km away from the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Southern Italy). A preliminary radiodiagnostic examination was performed for both cases. Subsequently, macroscopic observation of two tattoos found on case A was carried out. Autopsy examination was then carried out with subsequent anthropometric analysis to reconstruct the biological profile of both subjects, (case A) and (case B). Finally, histological and genetic analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The examinations carried out made it possible to determine two compatible biological profiles, despite the taphonomic difference, and these examinations were corroborated by the anthropometric and genetic correlation, which led to the solution of a single judicial case. In conclusion, all the investigations carried out made it possible to state that the skeletonised corpse (Case A) and the isolated foot (Case B) belonged to the same individual in life. This result made it possible to identify the victim, thus establishing the profile of an individual who had disappeared in the previous two months due to a shipwreck.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 2(4)","pages":"138-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Baldino, A Messina, A Asmundo, G Genovese, C Genovese, E Ventura Spagnolo, P Tarzia
{"title":"Investigation on physical restraint use in hospital: health responsibility, ethical and medical legal considerations.","authors":"G Baldino, A Messina, A Asmundo, G Genovese, C Genovese, E Ventura Spagnolo, P Tarzia","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The issue of restraint has long been considered a difficult political and social situation, affecting both healthcare wor-kers and facilities. The practice of restraint is still widespread in many public and private care settings, but there is a lack of systemic studies capable of monitoring the phenomenon. The framing of the question essentially concerns the right to personal freedom, guaranteed by the Italian Constitution.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An anonymous questionnaire was developed containing questions on knowledge of the regulations on restraints, how, ways, and when they are implemented, and general information such as age, gender, educational qualification, qualification, O.Us. to which they belong. The collected data were statistically processed (Chi-square test) with the Epi Info 7.1.5 program (CDC-Atlanta- USA). A total of 1002 questionnaires were completed. The stratification of the sample by structure shows that 73.9% were public facilities. The indicative figure is represented by the 23.8% of respondents who say that \"the restraint is not noted in the medical record\".</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restraint could be a real risk for the healthcare worker, encroaching on the issue of health liability. It is therefore important to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and top management of the need to structure, at company level, procedures that comply with the \"Recommendations on physical restraint\" to overcome the use of restraint through the improvement of care pathways in compliance with organizational and risk management standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 2(4)","pages":"153-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Baldino, C Genovese, G Genovese, G Burrascano, A Asmundo, P Gualniera, E Ventura Spagnolo
{"title":"Analysis of the contentious relating to medical liability for healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in a Sicilian hospital.","authors":"G Baldino, C Genovese, G Genovese, G Burrascano, A Asmundo, P Gualniera, E Ventura Spagnolo","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5090","DOIUrl":"10.7417/CT.2024.5090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 2012, the Sicilian regional government, in view of the increase in malpractice claims, has adopted a \"self-insurance system\" The claims management activities have been delegated to the Claims Management Committees (CMCs), the importance of which was also emphasized by Law No. 24/2017. This study aims to describe the experience of Sicilian Hospital CMC and analyze the claims' features, especially for contentious HAIs. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) continue to be a major public health concern. The contraction of infection during hospitalization generally results in a significant worsening of the patient's quality of life and prolongation of his or her stay. Still, it is also responsible for an increase in costs that burden the hospital and the entire Health System.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study investigates the analysis of claims received by a Messina Hospital Company between January 2015 and December 2023 even though for events that occurred in earlier years. From the database, cases in which the Company was sued for HAIs were extrapolated and analyzed, distinguishing them by year and by Department. The data collected were statistically processed with the Epi Info 7.1.5 program (CDC - Atlanta - USA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CMC experience highlighted a statistically significant increase in complaints especially for those relating to HAI, without differences by Department. In most cases, the CMC admitted the hospital's liability, and an attempt at conciliation was promoted and moreover risk management initiatives were adopted. This is important when considering the recent ruling 6386/2023 of March 3, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 1(4)","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G D'Antonio, S Del Prete, I Naso, T Berloco, F Spadazzi, G Delogu, G Bolino
{"title":"The legislative position of the Osteopath in Italy after the Decree of the Ministry of Universities and Research of 29 November 2023, in agreement with the Minister of Health: implications in terms of professional responsibility and current shortcomings.","authors":"G D'Antonio, S Del Prete, I Naso, T Berloco, F Spadazzi, G Delogu, G Bolino","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>At the end of a long definition and legislative process (Law No.3 of 11 January 2018 and DPR No 131 of 2021), started under the thrust of the European directives, with the Decree of the Ministry of Universities and Research of 29 November 2023, in agreement with the Minister of Health, osteopathy in Italy has become a healthcare profession in all respects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In order to understand the current legislative and professional position of the Osteopath, research of the original definitions and the history of the profession has been carried out, assessing an overview of the current situations among EU countries. Therefore, an analysis of the current Italian legislation has been carried out in a medical-legal key, with a critical eye aimed above all at assessing the current shortcomings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inclusion of osteopathy as a healthcare profession in Italy is a significant step towards the regulation and recognition of this practice, implying considerable innovations both in terms of access to the profession, both in the field of the professional health responsibility. Even if with the Decree of 29 November 2023, a significant step forward has been made, further regulatory and control measures are needed to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of osteopathic treatments, as well as the protection of patients and the professionalism of operators.</p>","PeriodicalId":50686,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Terapeutica","volume":"175 Suppl 1(4)","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}