Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Domain-specific neural correlates of self-evaluation in relation to sense of acceptance and rejection.","authors":"Yi Ding, Kentaro Oba, Ryo Ishibashi, Motoaki Sugiura","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01483-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-026-01483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sociometer theory proposes that self-esteem reflects a global index of perceived relational value, whereas experiences of acceptance and rejection may be integrated more proximally through specific self-evaluation. Yet it remains unclear how perceived relational states themselves are associated with the neural processing of domain-specific self-evaluation. The present study focused on morality and competence-two central domains of self-evaluation that may be differentially linked to social acceptance and rejection. We examined the neural correlates of domain-specific self-evaluation in relation to perceived relational states in 45 Japanese adults (19 males). Participants assessed the extent to which trait adjectives described themselves or a celebrity during fMRI scanning and completed questionnaires assessing their sense of acceptance and sense of rejection. Results showed that sense of acceptance was negatively associated with medial prefrontal cortex activity during general self-evaluation and positively associated with putamen activation during evaluation of positive (vs. negative) self-traits. Sense of rejection was positively associated with temporal pole activation during competence (vs. moral) self-evaluation. No significant neural associations were observed for self-esteem. These findings suggest that perceived acceptance and rejection are associated with domain-general and domain-specific neural processes during self-evaluation. These findings imply that perceived relational states may be reflected in neural processes through which social information is incorporated into self-related processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct effects of empathy on self-other processing revealed by different behavioral and EEG indices.","authors":"Shih-Yu Lo, Jen-Chung Wang, Kuan-Chih Huang, Chih-Mao Huang, Chin-Teng Lin","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01416-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01416-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The self-prioritization effect refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive self-related stimuli more accurately than other-related stimuli. We leveraged this phenomenon to investigate the mechanisms underlying empathy. According to the self-other merging hypothesis, empathy broadens self-representation to encompass others, predicting a reduced self-prioritization effect. In contrast, the self-other distinction hypothesis posits that empathy heightens the differentiation between self and other, predicting an increased self-prioritization effect. To test these competing hypotheses, we employed a perceptual task combined with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, and analyzed the data by using signal detection theory. Fifty-two participants aged 19 to 33 years were randomly assigned to either a high-empathy or low-empathy group. Participants listened to an interview and were instructed to either empathize with or remain neutral toward the interviewee. Subsequently, they completed a shape-label matching task using geometrical shapes associated with the self, the interviewer, and the interviewee. The self-prioritization effect was measured by performance differences between self-related and other-related stimuli. Different performance indices provided support for each hypothesis. Specifically, the patterns observed in the sensitivity index (d') and the lateral positive component (LPC) of the event-related potential supported the self-other distinction hypothesis at the perceptual and attentional levels. In contrast, the patterns in the response bias index (c) and reaction time supported the self-other merging hypothesis at the response level. These findings suggest that empathy influences self-representation in distinct ways across different levels of processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1817-1834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms of negative emotionality and cognitive control: The role of frontal midline theta.","authors":"Collin D Teich, Eric Rawls, Kara L Stevens, Steven S S Kang, Nicholas D Davenport, Scott R Sponheim, Melissa A Polusny, Craig A Marquardt","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01434-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01434-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early adulthood is characterized by the emergence of many forms of psychopathology as well as the development of cognitive abilities necessary for adaptive functioning (e.g., cognitive control). This study investigated brain responses that mediate the relationship between the ability to inhibit unwanted behavior-a core function of cognitive control-and personality characteristics associated with the development of psychopathology. Using a Go/No-Go task, we examined how theta and alpha frequency activity (3-8 and 10-20 Hz, respectively) within electroencephalography (EEG) recorded over middle frontal regions of the scalp (i.e., frontal midline theta [FMT]) may be sensitive to the effects of personality traits of Emotionality, Constraint, and Absorption, traits with well-studied connections to psychopathology and psychopathology risk factors, on behavioral responses reflecting cognitive control. Young adult United States Army National Guard recruits (n = 106) completed a Go/No-Go task that varied in difficulty across three blocks to magnify cognitive demands. FMT (electrode FCz) and behavioral performance varied as a function of the task demands, and FMT was associated with negative emotionality (NEM) and absorption. Desynchronization of alpha frequencies was evident at occipital electrodes (PO7, PO8) and related to task block difficulty. A mediation analysis revealed that FMT explained (mediated) the association between heightened NEM and worse performance on the Go/No-Go task. No such effects were evident for alpha desynchronization. Findings are consistent with FMT during control of behavioral responses being a mechanism by which a propensity toward experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and stress (i.e., NEM) compromises cognitive control and self-regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1538-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy for pain persists across live two-way video interactions and viewing of prerecorded videos.","authors":"Jannik Heimann, Pauline Petereit, Anat Perry, Ulrike M Krämer","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01442-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01442-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of digitally mediated social interaction on understanding others and sharing their emotions has not been thoroughly investigated. We examined how live, video-mediated interaction, as opposed to watching a prerecorded video, affects behavioral, neural, and physiological aspects of empathy for pain. Thirty-five observers watched targets undergoing painful electric stimulation in an electroencephalogram study. We hypothesized that reduced temporal presence, the immediacy or delay with which information is transferred during social interactions, would result in diminished behavioral and electrophysiological empathic responses. However, observer's behavioral empathic responses were not diminished with reduced temporal presence. On a neural level, midfrontal theta was sensitive to the other's pain intensity, and we observed significant physiological coupling between participants. Conversely, Mu suppression was not modulated by pain intensity. Importantly, neural and physiological indices of empathy were independent of temporal presence. However, exploratory analyses indicated a latency effect of temporal presence on pain-related theta activity with an earlier theta increase in interactions with high temporal presence. The results suggest that the temporal presence of individuals may not be necessary for empathy towards another's pain. Future studies may investigate more naturalistic social interactions and include motivational aspects of empathy. We discuss implications of these findings for debates on social presence and on second-person neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1795-1816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of asymmetric switch costs during affective task switching.","authors":"Leif E Langsdorf, Sebastian Kübler, Maryam Sadeghi Talarposhti, Torsten Schubert","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01436-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01436-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Task switching is widely used to investigate cognitive control, typically revealing switch costs-greater performance costs in switch than in repetition trials. Previous research reported affective asymmetric switch costs, with higher costs when switching towards an affective task compared with a switch towards a neutral task. This asymmetry can be explained by the inhibition of the affective task, which enables the performance of the neutral task, leading to increased costs for a switch from the neutral toward the affective task. In Experiment 1, we examined whether the affective task content interferes with the preparation of the switching process, as reflected in neural correlates of proactive control. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the maintenance of task sets is modulated by affective task content indexed by mixing costs (repetition - single-task performance) at the behavioural and the neural levels. Participants completed a cued task-switching during electroencephalographic recording, and judged either the gender (neutral-task) or emotional expression (affective-task) of faces. Neurally, within the cue-stimulus interval, the switch-related posterior positivity was reduced in the affective compared with the neutral task, coinciding with increased switch costs for the affective task. This suggests an impaired task-set reconfiguration for the affective compared with the neutral task. For Experiment 2, we investigated whether mixing costs and the mixing-related centroparietal positivity are modulated by affective task content. Neurally, within the cue-stimulus interval, the mixing-related centroparietal positivity remained unchanged by affective task content, mirrored behaviourally by symmetrical mixing costs. These findings indicate that affective task content selectively interferes with the preparation of the switching process but not with goal-setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1706-1727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oblique effect in visual working memory is enhanced by distraction, regardless of tDCS manipulations.","authors":"Harun Yörük, Benjamin J Tamber-Rosenau","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01443-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01443-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sensory recruitment model suggests that visual working memory (VWM) relies on early visual cortex (EVC), while the alternative frontoparietal account argues VWM representation is independent from EVC. An emerging consensus suggests that VWM relies on a distributed network, with different brain loci serving behavior depending on task demands. To evaluate VWM reliance on EVC vs. parietal cortex, we applied anodal (or sham) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to either occipital cortex (Oz) or right posterior parietal cortex (P4) to manipulate cortical representations before an orientation VWM task. To provoke perceptual interference and encourage reliance on parietal cortex, in half of blocks, distractors appeared during VWM delays. We predicted that parietal tDCS would improve VWM capacity to protect representations against ongoing distractions. We also expected that occipital tDCS could either increase memory capacity in nondistraction blocks or increase susceptibility to ongoing distraction. Finally, we reasoned that the oblique effect, which is thought to rely in part on EVC, would be reduced by distractor presence and the accompanying shift to reliance on parietal representations. Contrary to our predictions, neither tDCS manipulation affected VWM reports and the oblique effect was always present but was paradoxically stronger with distraction. These results could suggest reliance on EVC for VWM maintenance, even under distraction. Alternatively, these results could signal loss of fine-grained VWM detail under distraction due to use of representational strategies that maximize task performance rather than veridical orientation representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1597-1612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindful minds: How group identity shapes brain and behavior in social decision-making.","authors":"Maartje M A Overhaus, Mariët van Buuren, Paul A M van Lange, Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01425-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01425-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social mindfulness is a form of prosocial behavior that requires limited effort and considers other's needs and desires. But does this consideration persist when the other person supports opposing political ideologies? Using the social mindfulness (SoMi) paradigm with 45 adults holding strong pro- or anti-refugee stances, the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigates how group identity influences socially mindful behavior and its neural underpinnings. Consistent with prior research, individuals were more socially mindful toward ingroup members than toward outgroup members or unclassified others. This behavior engaged regions associated with mentalizing, decision-making and reward processing, including the temporoparietal junction, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex. No neural differences emerged during socially mindful decision-making between ingroup and outgroup members or ingroup members and unclassified others. Interestingly, socially mindful decision-making for outgroup members, compared with ingroup members, elicited heightened activation in the right anterior insula, possibly reflecting the social and emotional significance of outgroup interactions resulting from experienced norm violation. Additionally, such decisions for outgroup members, as opposed to unclassified others, were associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Given the dACC's role in cognitive control during complex decision-making, this finding suggests that individuals exerted more effort to align their behavior with prosocial norms, even when these conflicted with self-interest. Overall, this study highlights how shared group identity shapes social mindfulness, reflecting both the emotional processing of outgroup interactions and the mental effort required to maintain prosocial norms in intergroup contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1778-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential brain responses to affective sounds in misophonia and hyperacusis: A task-based fMRI approach.","authors":"Namitha Jain, Shagun Ajmera, Somayeh Shahsavarani, Rafay A Khan, Gibbeum Kim, Howard Berenbaum, Fatima T Husain","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01435-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01435-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans are naturally attuned to emotionally salient sounds, such as screams signaling danger, which trigger survival-related responses. In sound-sensitivity disorders, such as misophonia and hyperacusis, everyday sounds provoke intense emotional and behavioral reactions. Misophonia is typically triggered by specific sounds, such as chewing, whereas hyperacusis involves hypersensitivity to sounds above certain intensity thresholds. Because these disorders share overlapping symptoms and frequently co-occur, disentangling their neural bases is essential for improving diagnosis and treatments. We recruited 91 young adults categorized into four groups: misophonia, hyperacusis, comorbid misophonia and hyperacusis, and controls. We conducted task-based fMRI, where participants listened to 90 emotionally valenced sounds from the International Affective Digitized Sounds-2 database and rated their valence during scanning. Whole-brain functional activation and seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses revealed both distinct and overlapping pattern of neural correlates associated with these disorders. The misophonia group, regardless of comorbid hyperacusis (relative to controls), showed hyperactivation in visual association areas and reduced connectivity between salience and visual networks during unpleasant versus neutral sound processing. This suggests atypical cross-modal sensory involvement. The hyperacusis group exhibited reduced connectivity between salience hubs and frontal control regions compared to misophonia and controls, indicating impaired top-down regulation. In contrast, this connectivity was preserved in misophonia for generally unpleasant sounds, suggesting intact regulation. The comorbid group showed neural patterns associated with both disorders. Overall, these findings reveal overlapping and disorder-specific neural patterns across sound tolerance profiles. Future research should combine neural and behavioral data to refine mechanistic models and guide targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1741-1760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion detection unveiled: A cognitive-computational synthesis of physiological models, machine learning, and datasets.","authors":"Vilas Machhi, Apurva Shah","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01418-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01418-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comprehensive survey synthesizes state-of-the-art advancements in emotion recognition based on physiological signals, specifically focusing on the paradigm shift occurring between 2021 and 2025. Crucially, we move beyond a technical review by establishing a novel Cognitive-Computational Synthesis Framework (CCSF). This framework explicitly maps multimodal physiological manifestations (e.g., electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and galvanic skin response (GSR)) to underlying cognitive processes, such as attentional allocation, arousal regulation, and perceptual bias, providing a theoretical foundation for explainable AI (XAI) in affective computing. We meticulously examine the transition from traditional machine learning to advanced deep learning architectures, highlighting how recent innovations in Transformers, self-supervised learning, and diffusion models have shattered previous performance plateaus. While earlier dimensional models were often limited to 70-75% accuracy, this survey details how modern architectures now achieve benchmarks exceeding 95% on seminal datasets like SEED and DREAMER. Furthermore, the survey provides a rigorous analysis of 40 key studies (identified via PRISMA protocols), evaluating them based on their validation strategies, cross-subject generalizability, and adversarial robustness. By bridging the gap between raw physiological data and cognitive theory, this work offers a strategic roadmap for the next generation of robust, interpretable, and real-time emotion recognition systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1437-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards naturalistic social neuroscience: A multi-level framework integrating real-world phenotyping, neurobiology, and computational mechanisms.","authors":"Ruien Wang, Yi Luo, Yin Wang, Lei Zhang, Haiyan Wu","doi":"10.3758/s13415-026-01413-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13415-026-01413-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans are inherently social species. Our behavior is heavily influenced by the social environment and context. While the traditional social neuroscience approach has made significant progress in mapping isolated social cognitive processes, it often fails to capture the complexity of real-world social environment-where perception, decision-making, and interaction unfold simultaneously and contextually. In this review, we introduce naturalistic social neuroscience as a paradigm shift that bridges this gap through incorporating multidisciplinary naturalistic measurements, which integrates lab-based simulation, such as movie watching and virtual reality, real-world embedded measures, such as digital phenotyping and wearables devices, as well as the strategic integration of multiple approaches. The framework also includes an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered multilevel data analysis to synthesize behavioral, computational, and neurobiological data to reveal the mechanism underlying real-world behaviors. Finally, we propose opportunities, critical considerations, and future directions for pushing forward naturalistic social neuroscience. This review broadens the view and equips researchers with an extended toolkit for understanding the richness of social behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":50672,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1420-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}