Cognitive Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Atypical prosopagnosia following right hemispheric stroke: A 23-year follow-up study with M.T.","authors":"Anna Schroeger,&nbsp;Jürgen M Kaufmann,&nbsp;Romi Zäske,&nbsp;Gyula Kovács,&nbsp;Thomas Klos,&nbsp;Stefan R Schweinberger","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2119838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2119838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most findings on prosopagnosia to date suggest preserved voice recognition in prosopagnosia (except in cases with bilateral lesions). Here we report a follow-up examination on M.T., suffering from acquired prosopagnosia following a large unilateral right-hemispheric lesion in frontal, parietal, and anterior temporal areas excluding core ventral occipitotemporal face areas. Twenty-three years after initial testing we reassessed face and object recognition skills [Henke, K., Schweinberger, S. R., Grigo, A., Klos, T., & Sommer, W. (1998). Specificity of face recognition: Recognition of exemplars of non-face objects in prosopagnosia. <i>Cortex</i>, <i>34</i>(2), 289-296]; [Schweinberger, S. R., Klos, T., & Sommer, W. (1995). Covert face recognition in prosopagnosia - A dissociable function? <i>Cortex</i>, <i>31</i>(3), 517-529] and additionally studied voice recognition. Confirming the persistence of deficits, M.T. exhibited substantial impairments in famous face recognition and memory for learned faces, but preserved face matching and object recognition skills. Critically, he showed substantially impaired voice recognition skills. These findings are congruent with the ideas that (i) prosopagnosia after right anterior temporal lesions can persist over long periods > 20 years, and that (ii) such lesions can be associated with both facial and vocal deficits in person recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3-4","pages":"196-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociation between function and manipulation in semantic representations of motor impaired subjects: A new test.","authors":"Jorge Graneri,&nbsp;Sergio Dansilio,&nbsp;Macarena Martínez-Cuitiño,&nbsp;Lina Grasso,&nbsp;María Soledad Cantore,&nbsp;Luciana Brasca","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2114825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2114825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fundamental problem in semantic cognition is the representation of human concepts in the brain. Much of the knowledge acquired in the last decades comes from the study of dissociations found in patients with acquired difficulties in language, perception, and action. In particular, some deficits involve loss of knowledge about tools. The dissociation between two relevant aspects of tools, function and manipulation, has been the focus of several studies. In this paper, a new test designed to study the dissociation between function and manipulation is proposed and normative values for a control population are provided. This novel test was additionally administered to and evaluated in a group of Parkinson's disease patients. The Graded-Controlled Hub-and-Spoke model of Lambon Ralph, Jefferies, Patterson and Rogers was used as a theoretical guide to interpret the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3-4","pages":"208-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10685575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of delay, length, and frequency on onset RTs and word durations: Articulatory planning uses flexible units but cannot be prepared.","authors":"Cristina Romani,&nbsp;Priya Silverstein,&nbsp;Dinesh Ramoo,&nbsp;Andrew Olson","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2070425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2070425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is debate regarding whether most articulatory planning occurs offline (rather than online) and whether the products of off-line processing are stored in a separate articulatory buffer until a large enough chunk is ready for production. This hypothesis predicts that delayed naming conditions should reduce not only onset RTs but also word durations because articulatory plans will be buffered and kept ready. We have tested this hypothesis with young control speakers, an aphasic speaker , and an age and education-matched speaker, using repetition, reading and picture-naming tasks. Contrary to the off-line hypothesis, delayed conditions strongly reduced onset RTs, but had no benefit for word durations. In fact, we found small effects in the opposite direction. Moreover, frequency and imageability affected word durations even in delayed conditions, consistent with articulatory processing continuing on-line. The same pattern of results was found in CS and in control participants, strengthening confidence in our results. There is debate regarding whether most articulatory planning occurs offline (rather than online) and whether the results of off-line processing are stored in a separate articulatory buffer until a large enough chunk is ready for production. This hypothesis predicts that delayed naming conditions should reduce not only onset RTs but also word durations because articulatory plans will be buffered and kept ready. We have tested young control speakers, an aphasic speaker, and an age and education matched speaker, using repetition, reading and picture naming tasks. Contrary to the off-line hypothesis, delayed conditions strongly reduced onset RTs, but had no benefit for word durations. In fact, we found small effects in the opposite direction. Moreover, frequency and imageability affected word durations even in delayed conditions, consistent with articulatory processing continuing on-line. The same pattern of results was found in CS and in control participants, strengthening confidence in our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 3-4","pages":"170-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10631367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precedence of parvocellular- over magnocellular-biased information for 2D object-related shape processing","authors":"Jorge Almeida","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2076584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2076584","url":null,"abstract":"The question of how we frame mental representations in particular coordinate systems to facilitate the kinds of computations necessary for our interactions with objects has long been the focus of research in cognitive science (e.g., Almeida et al., 2020; Buxbaum & Coslett, 1997; Caramazza & Hillis, 1990a, 1990b; Hillis & Caramazza, 1995; Medina et al., 2009; Tadin et al., 2002; Vannuscorps et al., 2021a, 2001b). Take the following examples: if you want to pick up your car keys, you will need to locate the keys within a coordinate system that relates to the position of your hands; however, if you want to identify those car keys within a set of other objects (e.g., house keys, a USB pen), you may need to encode the visible input in coordinates intrinsic to those objects in order to achieve perceptual constancy and better match them with stored object representations. In line with this, extant research has suggested that there are many coordinate systems onto which a representation can be framed depending on the computational goal of the processes at play, and that these frames of reference span different levels of processing (from lowerto higher-level representational frames; Almeida et al., 2020; Buxbaum & Coslett, 1997; Caramazza & Hillis, 1990a, 1990b; Hillis & Caramazza, 1995; Medina et al., 2009; Tadin et al., 2002; Vannuscorps et al., 2021a, 2021b). In the realm of visual perception, one basic reference frame relates to the retinal position of the stimulus – that is, at the earliest stages of visual processing, a stimulus is represented relative to its original retinotopic coordinates. However, other important computations and representational levels happen at later stages of processing, when a representation becomes progressively stripped of its most basic sensorial nature and is framed over more abstract types of coordinate systems (e.g., object-centered; hand-centered). Vannuscorps et al. (2021a; see also Vannuscorps et al., 2021b) recently suggested that there is an intermediate stage of processing in visual perception that requires framing 2D bounded regions of space using coordinate references that relate to the shape of that bounded region – what they call intermediate shapecentered representations (ISCRs). That is, the representation of that shape relates not to its location in the visual field/retina, but rather to the main axes of the shape itself. In their paper, they meticulously tested an individual – Davida – who shows a remarkable deficit for the perception of orientation of 2D shapes. Specifically, Davida perceives the orientation of shapes as continuously alternating between orthogonal orientations (i.e., between the correct orientation and orientations that result from mirroring the shape over its axes). This impairment is observed both when she makes visual orientation judgments, as well as when she is asked to manually perform putative actions over 2D shapes (e.g., point to the tip of an arrow presented on a screen; touch ","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"95 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using single cases to understand visual processing: The magnocellular pathway","authors":"Jared Medina","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2083949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2083949","url":null,"abstract":"Vannuscorps et al. (","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"106 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can the perception of orientation be systematically wrong?","authors":"M. Coltheart","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2052717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2052717","url":null,"abstract":"The target article by Vannuscorps, Galaburda and Caramazza (VGC hereafter) reports work that includes extensive investigations of their subject Davida’s performance on two sets of forcedchoice tasks that required correct perception of orientation: naming or copying orientationally-confusable letters (mainly b d p q), and identifying the direction in which an arrow is pointing (with arrows pointing up, down, right or left). This is the work I consider here. Table 1 (see Supplementary Information S1) reports all of the 17 datasets from these tasks that were obtained when the displays were two-dimensional with stationary black figures on a white ground and edges that had high luminance contrast and were unblurred or minimally blurred (high in spatial frequency). Davida was completely unable (more on this shortly) to perform any of these tasks under such presentation conditions. In contrast, when the stimuli were presented with low luminance contrast, or as three-dimensional objects, or were greatly blurred (i.e., with very low spatial frequencies), or were in motion, she performed all of these tasks very well – typically 100% correct. Figure 1 of the target article offered a model of the processes by which the retinotopic retinal representation evoked by a visually-presented object or scene is transformed into “a behaviourally relevant [spatiotopic and body-centred] frame of reference”. According to this model, the processing of retinotopic retinal representations is carried out by two pathways operating in parallel upon these representations. There is a parvocellular pathway characterized by sensitivity to colour and by relative insensitivity to low contrast, low spatial frequencies and motion; and there is a magnocellular pathway characterized by sensitivity to motion, insensitivity to colour, and relative insensitivity to high contrast and high spatial frequency stimuli. My Figure 1 is a redrawing of Figure 1 from the target article which perhaps makes the information-processing structure of the VGC model more transparent. A key concept in this model is the intermediate shape-centred representation (ISCR), defined by VGC as","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"81 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47825313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance and implications of visual shape processing at intermediate cortical levels","authors":"B. Breitmeyer","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2040976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2040976","url":null,"abstract":"It is our fortune that misperceptions of the world are very rare. Only in highly contrived laboratory settings do they occur regularly; or in very rare human cases do they show up consistently. Either way, valuable information can be garnered from these misperceptions about the hierarchical levels of processing that occur between the presentation of a stimulus and its visual registration in consciousness. Vannuscorps et al. (2021) present an intriguing case study of Davida’s misperceptions of 2D stimuli that shed light on what happens in the visual cortex between the unconscious registration of basic visual features at the striate level and the perception, the conscious registration, of the stimulus that relies on the integration of neural activity in multiple and distributed areas of post-striate processing. Vannuscorps et al. propose that (a) from an initial retinotopic construction of separate 2D bounded regions of visual space, the post-striate, intermediate cortical levels (b) additionally construct correspondingly intermediate shape-centered representations (ISCRs) of visual stimuli, and all this (c) at unconscious levels of processing. The proposal is very reasonable and offers fruitful avenues of research of visual scene perception. Moreover, it is consistent with several lines of theoretical and empirical research. As to theory, Stephen Grossberg has presented increasingly sophisticated theoretical models of visual perception (cited in Grossberg, 2016) which shed light on the intermediate cortical levels of processing – up to V4 – that are of primary concern to Vannuscorps et al. The registration of primitive features (brightness contrast, colour, orientation, size, etc.) in early cortical processing is followed at the ISCRs by the segregation of bounded 2-D regions of the visual field. In the Grossberg model, 2-D bounded regions result from the interaction of the boundary-contour system (BCS) delimiting the contours of a bounded region, e.g., a rectangle, and the feature-contour system (FCS) that fills in its surface properties, say a particular grey level. Exploring the cortical hierarchy in rhesus monkey, Felleman and coworkers (Felleman et al., 1997; Wang et al., 2007; Xiao et al., 1999) have investigated how the processing of contour (e.g., orientation) and surface properties (e.g., colour, brightness) proceeds in segregated cortical modules from early V1 levels to intermediate (V2) and higher (V4) levels of the hierarchy. Since similar processing most likely occurs in humans, Felleman et al.’s work sheds important light on the nature of Vannuscorps et al.’s proposed ISCR processing. In his chapter “Filling-in the forms: Surface and boundary interactions in visual cortex” Grossberg (2003) suggested that surfaces are for seeing. In other words, seeing or perception, the conscious registration of the segregated two-dimensional shapes – and the later three-dimensional ones – can occur only as and after the surface filling-in process in","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"71 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46144076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of parvocellular and magnocellular shape maps in the derivation of spatially integrated 3D object representations","authors":"E. Leek, I. Reppa","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2069486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2069486","url":null,"abstract":"Our ability to effectively process visual information necessitates the transformation of sensory input from retinotopic to non-retinotopic representations of scene content. One fundamental question concerns the mechanisms, types of representation, and coordinate systems, that mediate these transformations. The complexity of their interactions makes this a formidable challenge. Davida’s case presents with a highly specific deficit affecting the mapping between representations of sensory input based on retinotopic coordinates and higher-level non-retinotopic reference frames. To account for her performance, the authors outline a theoretical proposal that makes several important claims. Among those are: (1) the existence of a level of intermediate shapecentred representation (ISCRs – or “shape maps”) that mediates the mapping between retinotopic and body-centred/spatiotopic representations of scene content; (2) the parallel derivation of independent ISCRs encoding object shape information via parvocellular (P-cell) and magnocellular (M-cell) channels. Davida’s impairment is assumed to arise from a selective deficit affecting the mapping between the proposed ISCR and body-centred/spatiotopic reference frames in the P-cell channel. This interesting proposal invites further speculation about the possible role of the proposed ISCRs in the derivation of spatially integrated representations of complex 3D object shapes – and their prospective role in object recognition. The question we discuss here is how this proposal might link to other recent work about the structure and functional organization of object shape representations in human vision. A growing body of evidence suggests that object representation in human vision is hierarchical, decompositional, and parts-based (e.g., Behrmann & Kimchi, 2003; Behrmann et al., 2006; Biederman, 1987; Hoffman & Richards, 1984; Leek et al., 2003; 2005; 2009; Reppa & Leek, 2003; Robertson & Lamb, 1991). These multi-level representations comprise elementary local features (e.g., edges and vertices), intermediate-level functional units (e.g., spatially bounded 2D regions approximating visible surface structure – Leek et al., 2005; Reppa et al., 2015; Marr & Nishihara, 1978; Palmer & Rock, 1994), and (on some accounts) higher-order primitives such as volumetric parts (e.g., Biederman, 1987; Marr & Nishihara, 1978). Evidence for this complex decompositional representational structure comes from both studies of neurologically intact, and brain-damaged, individuals. For example, there are case reports of patients with acquired object recognition impairments who have difficulty distinguishing among 3D objects that comprise the same geometric parts arranged in different 3D spatial configurations (e.g., Behrmann et al., 2006; Behrmann & Kimchi, 2003); studies showing complementary patterns of local-global feature representation deficits following unilateral brain lesions (Robertson & Lamb, 1991), and partsbased object identif","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"92 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44378720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of a shape-centred representations in the perception of complex shapes","authors":"Casco Clara","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2083948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2083948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT I further develop the Vannuscorps et al. [(2021). Shape-centered representations of bounded regions of space mediate the perception of objects. Cognitive neuropsychology, 1–50.] interpretation of Davida's deficit, as based on a failure of mapping information carried by the parvocellular pathway onto non-retinotopic coordinates. I assumed that magno-parvo cooperation is required to bind local features into 2-D shapes with sharp edges, although the relative role of either subsystem may depend on the task. My suggestion is that perception is un impaired when the imbalance is in favour of the magno system; that is, with images blurred or made up of either disconnected elements or isolated line segments not requiring binding. Conversely, misperception occurs when the task involves an imbalance in favour of parvo analysis; i.e., when orientation judgment is based mainly on the highest levels of parvo analysis devoted to binding in the ventral stream. In these last conditions, Davida's misperception of orientation of these 2-D shapes may result from a switch of magno-parvo cooperation to conflict.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Davida reorients intermediate visual processing.","authors":"Sam Ling, Michaela Klimova","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2052719","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2052719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 1","pages":"88-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48913274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}