Cognitive Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Provoked overt recognition in acquired prosopagnosia using multiple different images of famous faces.","authors":"David Pitcher, Rebekah Caulfield, A Mike Burton","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2269648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2269648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Provoked overt recognition refers to the fact that patients with acquired prosopagnosia can sometimes recognize faces when presented in arrays of individuals from the same category (e.g., actors or politicians). We ask whether a prosopagnosic patient might experience recognition when presented with multiple different images of the same face simultaneously. Over two sessions, patient Herschel, a 66-year-old British man with acquired prosopagnosia, viewed face images individually or in arrays. On several occasions he failed to recognize single photos of an individual but successfully identified that person when the same photos were presented together. For example, Herschel failed to recognize any individual images of King Charles or Paul McCartney but recognised both in arrays of the same photos. Like reports based on category membership, overt recognition was transient and inconsistent. These findings are discussed in terms of models of covert recognition, alongside more recent research on within-person variability for face perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"158-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10791066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Looking at nothing\": An implicit ocular motor index of face recognition in developmental prosopagnosia.","authors":"Aida Rahavi,&nbsp;Manuela Malaspina,&nbsp;Andrea Albonico,&nbsp;Jason J S Barton","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2250510","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2250510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjects often look towards to previous location of a stimulus related to a task even when that stimulus is no longer visible. In this study we asked whether this effect would be preserved or reduced in subjects with developmental prosopagnosia. Participants learned faces presented in video-clips and then saw a brief montage of four faces, which was replaced by a screen with empty boxes, at which time they indicated whether the learned face had been present in the montage. Control subjects were more likely to look at the blank location where the learned face had appeared, on both hit and miss trials, though the effect was larger on hit trials. Prosopagnosic subjects showed a reduced effect, though still better on hit than on miss trials. We conclude that explicit accuracy and our implicit looking at nothing effect are parallel effects reflecting the strength of the neural activity underlying face recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between semantic and episodic memory: evidence from a case of severe anterograde amnesia.","authors":"Clément Polin,&nbsp;Aurélie Lacroix,&nbsp;Claire Boutet,&nbsp;Fabien Schneider,&nbsp;Leslie Cartz-Piver,&nbsp;Cécile Diebolt,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Clément,&nbsp;Benjamin Calvet","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2250532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2250532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is increasingly being recognized that new declarative, consciously accessible information can be learned in anterograde amnesia, but it is not clear whether this learning is supported by episodic or semantic memory. We report a case of a 55-year-old man who experienced severe amnesia after limited damage to the medial temporal lobe following neurosurgical complications. His general cognitive performance and knowledge of new French words and public events that occurred before and after the onset of amnesia were assessed. Performance remained satisfactory on post-morbid vocabulary and public events, with a drop in performance observed for very recent public events only, while knowledge of very recent vocabulary was comparable to that of the control subjects. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the underlying learning mechanisms are discussed. This is the first report of acquisition of consciously accessible postmorbid knowledge of public events in a patient with severe amnesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"95-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10073321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From intermediate shape-centered representations to the perception of oriented shapes: response to commentaries.","authors":"Gilles Vannuscorps,&nbsp;Albert Galaburda,&nbsp;Alfonso Caramazza","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2250511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2250511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this response paper, we start by addressing the main points made by the commentators on the target article's main theoretical conclusions: the existence and characteristics of the <i>intermediate shape-centered representations</i> (ISCRs) in the visual system, their emergence from edge detection mechanisms operating on different types of visual properties, and how they are eventually reunited in higher order frames of reference underlying conscious visual perception. We also address the much-commented issue of the possible neural mechanisms of the ISCRs. In the final section, we address more specific and general comments, questions, and suggestions which, albeit very interesting, were less directly focused on the main conclusions of the target paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"71-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10167117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An access deficit or a deficit in the phonological representations themselves: What can we learn from naming errors?","authors":"Aviah Gvion, Michal Biran","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2208745","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2208745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anomic aphasia is characterized by good comprehension and non-word repetition but poor naming. Two sub-types of deficits might be hypothesized: faulty access to preserved phonological representations or preserved access to impaired representations. Phonological errors may occur only when representations are impaired or in post-lexical deficits (conduction aphasia). We analysed the incidence of phonological naming errors of 30 individuals, 25 with anomic aphasia based on poor naming but good repetition and comprehension, and five with conduction aphasia based on poor naming and poor repetition. Individuals with anomic aphasia produced very few phonological errors compared to individuals with conduction aphasia (0-19.1% versus 42-66%). However, six individuals with anomia produced more than 11% phonological errors, suggesting two patterns of deficit: either impaired lexical representations or impaired access to them. The lack of phonological errors in most individuals with anomic aphasia suggests that access to the phonological output lexicon is semantically, not phonologically driven.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"40 1","pages":"25-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition in context: response selection within the supervisory attentional system model.","authors":"Andrey Markus, Zohar Eviatar","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2223918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2223918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the effects of context bias and target exposure duration on error rates (ERR) and response times (RTs) in letter choice task within context. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) was recorded in both hands during context presentation, as a measure of readiness to respond. The goal was to affect the outcome of the task by manipulating relative schemata activation levels prior to target onset, as per the Supervisory Attentional System model. At short exposures, context bias and sEMG activity affected ERR, whereas at longer durations, RTs were affected. Context bias mediated the effect of sEMG activity. Increasing activity in both hands led to higher ERR and RTs in incongruent context. Non-increasing activity in the non-responding lead to lack of relationship between sEMG activity and behavior, irrespective of context. sEMG activity in both hands was found to be interrelated and context-sensitive. These results conform to the predictions of the Supervisory Attentional Model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"40 1","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9854276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision of phonological errors in aphasia supports resource models of phonological working memory in language production.","authors":"Jenah Black, Nazbanou Nozari","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2206012","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2206012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) is critical for many cognitive functions including language production. A key feature of WM is its capacity limitation. Two models have been proposed to account for such capacity limitation: slot models and resource models. In recent years, resource models have found support in both visual and auditory perception, but do they also extend to production? We investigate this by analyzing sublexical errors from four individuals with aphasia. Using tools from computational linguistics, we first define the concept of \"precision\" of sublexical errors. We then demonstrate that such precision decreases with increased working memory load, i.e., word length, as predicted by resource models. Finally, we rule out alternative accounts of this effect, such as articulatory simplification. These data provide the first evidence for the applicability of the resource model to production and further point to the generalizability of this account as a model of resource division in WM.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10336978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9791577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaningless imitation in neurodegenerative diseases: Effects of body part, bimanual imitation, asymmetry, and body midline crossing.","authors":"Josselin Baumard,&nbsp;Mathieu Lesourd,&nbsp;Chrystelle Remigereau,&nbsp;Laetitia Laurent,&nbsp;Christophe Jarry,&nbsp;Frédérique Etcharry-Bouyx,&nbsp;Valérie Chauviré,&nbsp;François Osiurak,&nbsp;Didier Le Gall","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2164487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2164487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visuo-imitative apraxia has been consistently reported in patients with dementia, yet there have been substantial methodological differences between studies, while multiple, sometimes competing hypotheses have been put forward to explain this syndrome. Our goals were to study specific imitation deficits in groups of patients who have been selected and assigned to a group solely based on clinical criteria. We tested the effects of body part, bimanual imitation, asymmetry of the model, and body midline crossing, in patients with cortical atrophy of the temporal lobes (semantic dementia, SD), frontal-parietal networks (FPN, i.e., posterior cortical atrophy and corticobasal syndrome) or both (Alzheimer's disease, AD). Sixty-three patients and 32 healthy controls were asked to imitate 45 meaningless finger/hand, uni-/bimanual, asymmetrical/symmetrical, and crossed/uncrossed postures. SD patients had subnormal imitation scores. FPN patients showed frequent and marked deficits in most conditions, better performance with hand than finger postures (probably because of visuo-constructive deficits), and better performance with uncrossed than crossed configurations (probably because of body schema disorganization). Bimanual configurations were difficult for AD patients, not because of bimanual activity in itself, but rather because of the complexity of the model. The finding of dissociations in 34/63 cases (54%) suggests that some patients, even within the same clinical category, can have variable performance in imitation tests as a function of the abovementioned factors. Clinicians are advised to use tests with a large array of items to properly capture patients' imitation skills. This provides a new basis for future research to unpack which neurocognitive mechanisms are disrupted to cause specific patterns of impaired imitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 5-8","pages":"227-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9650876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intact reading ability despite lacking a canonical visual word form area in an individual born without the left superior temporal lobe.","authors":"Jin Li, Hope Kean, Evelina Fedorenko, Zeynep Saygin","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2164923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2164923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The visual word form area (VWFA), a region canonically located within left ventral temporal cortex (VTC), is specialized for orthography in literate adults presumbly due to its connectivity with frontotemporal language regions. But is a typical, left-lateralized language network critical for the VWFA's emergence? We investigated this question in an individual (EG) born without the left superior temporal lobe but who has normal reading ability. EG showed canonical typical face-selectivity bilateraly but no wordselectivity either in right VWFA or in the spared left VWFA. Moreover, in contrast with the idea that the VWFA is simply part of the language network, no part of EG's VTC showed selectivity to higher-level linguistic processing. Interestingly, EG's VWFA showed reliable multivariate patterns that distinguished words from other categories. These results suggest that a typical left-hemisphere language network is necessary for acanonical VWFA, and that orthographic processing can otherwise be supported by a distributed neural code.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 5-8","pages":"249-275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9650878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"F = ma. Is the macaque brain Newtonian?","authors":"Karolina Marciniak Dg Agra,&nbsp;Pedro Dg Agra","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2023.2191843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2023.2191843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intuitive Physics, the ability to anticipate how the physical events involving mass objects unfold in time and space, is a central component of intelligent systems. Intuitive physics is a promising tool for gaining insight into mechanisms that generalize across species because both humans and non-human primates are subject to the same physical constraints when engaging with the environment. Physical reasoning abilities are widely present within the animal kingdom, but monkeys, with acute 3D vision and a high level of dexterity, appreciate and manipulate the physical world in much the same way humans do.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"39 5-8","pages":"376-408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}