Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International最新文献

{"title":"In vitro Antioxidant, In vivo Bioavailability, and Immunomodulatory Effects of a Polyherbal Formulation (Storg B) Induced by Cyclophosphamide in an Experimental Animal Model","authors":"Firoz H M, Sadashiva C T, Sahana C V","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i47508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i47508","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The immunomodulatory properties of plants are being extensively explored these days as they contain a wide range of bioactive compounds that can treat immunomodulatory disorders. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the efficacy of the standardized polyherbal formulation (Storg-B). The Storg-B combines Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, and Citrus limon.\u0000Methods: The aqueous extract of the Storg B was investigated for DPPH radical scavenging activity to determine antioxidant activity. SD rats were selected for the evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of Storg-B. The haemagglutination and hematology methods were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory studies. For the pharmacokinetic studies, the LC-MS/MS technique is employed to quantify Storg B.\u0000Results: The percentage inhibition of DPPH radial IC50 values of standard BHT and Storg-B were 60.52 and 68.35µg/ml, respectively. In the in vivo animal studies, Storg-B showed significant immunomodulatory activity by increasing the primary and secondary antibody titer values by 6.58 and 8.25 mg/mL, respectively, for the SRBC antigen at a dose of 100 mg/kg. There’s also an increase in the neutrophil adhesion percentage at the testing doses. Results of hematological parameters revealed that Storg-B restored all the levels of blood components at a 100 mg/kg dose. A Storg-B showed greater potency in the bioavailability studies.\u0000Conclusion: Thus, the Storg-B used as an efficient and secure formulation in the treatment of immune deficiency by improving the immune response.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"38 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) as a Prognostic Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy Patients in a South Indian Hospital","authors":"A. Anandhasayanam, S. Kannan, H. Hemanandhini, R. Rajamurugan, R. Ranjith, S. Rajamani","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i47507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i47507","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, capable of leading to end-stage renal disease. Diabetic nephropathy could only be identified through renal biopsy testing, which is expensive and can impose a financial burden on patients. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop a cost-effective method for identifying diabetic nephropathy.\u0000Aim: To evaluate the correlation between RBC parameters, such as RDW and MCV values, as prognostic biomarkers for patients with diabetic nephropathy.\u0000Methods and Material:\u0000Study Design: Prospective comparative study.\u0000Study Site: Sudha Institute of Medical Science, Erode.\u0000Study Duration: Study was carried out over six-months.\u0000Sample Size: 101 diabetic nephropathy patients and 101 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.\u0000Statistical Analysis: Pearson correlation.\u0000Results: The majority of diabetic nephropathy patients were 40 years old or older, and most of them were males. Among the study participants, a significant number of male participants had habits of smoking and alcohol consumption. The duration of diabetes and BMI exhibited a strong correlation with the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, there were notable increases in urea, creatinine, FBS, RBS, PPBS, and HbA1C, alongside a decrease in MCV and eGFR as diabetic nephropathy progressed.\u0000Conclusions: Our research indicates a positive correlation between RDW and HbA1c, FBS, RBS, PPBS, urea, and creatinine. In contrast, negative correlation of RDW with MCV and eGFR. MCV is negatively correlated with HbA1c, FBS, RBS, PPBS, urea, creatinine. In contrast, positive correlation between MCV and eGFR.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"70 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Assessment of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-Based Floating Tablets for Ciprofloxacin HCL Using Direct Compression Technique","authors":"K. Gopaiah, J. Kumar, M. R. Teja, T. Lokesh, D. S. Sruthi, M. Roja, N. Rushitha, SK. Vahedunnisa","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37506","url":null,"abstract":"The key findings and conclusions include: such as formulation approaches as aim and objective Development of floating tablets using sodium bicarbonate and HPMC aimed at enhancing gastric residence time for improved drug bioavailability. Physicochemical Compliances The formulated tablets met compliance standards for various physicochemical parameters, including dimensions, floating time, tablet density, and drug content. Method of Formulations F2, F5, and F6 displayed favorable drug release profiles, with the F7 formulation exhibiting excellent release characteristics. in the evaluation the drug release kinetics studies show Kinetic analysis revealed that F2, F5, F6, and F7 formulations followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating non-Fickian diffusion with 'n' values ranging from 0.521 to 0.633 and the stability indicates the Optimal storage conditions for stability were determined as 2-8°C for 60 days. Formulations F2, F5, F6, and F7 demonstrated stability at room temperature, 40°C, and 2-8°C for 30 days, with refrigerated storage maintaining stability throughout the 60 days. In conclusion, the developed hydrodynamically balanced tablets of Ciprofloxacin HCl exhibit promising physicochemical characteristics, dissolution profiles, and stability. These tablets hold the potential for enhancing drug bioavailability, making them a viable option for localized drug delivery in the upper gastrointestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"124 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Holistic Review of Rosacea and Its Association with Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Aymen Alharbi, Mohammed Abdullah Alahmadi, Sarah Mohammad Radwan, Abdulelah Nawaf Alraddadi, Esraa A. Shaheen, Roaa Abdulrahman Allehyani","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37505","url":null,"abstract":"Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition with different clinical phenotypes, usually diagnosed clinically and treated with systemic and topical medications. Rosacea is one of the skin conditions that is often believed to just have cutaneous manifestation, but it is actually a systemic condition that affects many different systems. The correlation between rosacea and a variety of comorbidities, including depression, gastrointestinal disorders, migraines, autoimmune conditions, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are noted in many different studies. There are numerous risk factors for CVD, including hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and dyslipidemia. CVD has a high mortality rate and should not be overlooked. Rosacea patients must receive the appropriate education regarding the management of CVD risk factors in addition to rosacea. We thought it was important to conduct a literature review to investigate the association between rosacea and the risk factors associated with CVDs, since both conditions are chronic and involve the interaction of genetic and inflammatory factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to overview rosacea, draw attention to the cardiovascular risk that rosacea patients face, and alert dermatologists, cardiologists, and primary care physicians to the need for immediate risk factor treatment.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140213786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) Planch, a Nigerian Medicinal Plant have Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity","authors":"Adeniyi, B. A., Adagbasa, O. O., Idowu, P. A., Igbokwe, C. O., Moody, J. O., Aiyelaagbe, O. O.","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37504","url":null,"abstract":"There is no overemphasizing the need for novel phytotherapeutic agents to combat the menace of drug resistance in microbial pathogens. Many plant species so far, have yielded some bioactive compounds with great promise for such drugs. Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of many microbial infections ranging from gastrointestinal infections to gonorrhea. This study is thus designed to determine the phytochemicals present in T. heudeloti and evaluate the plant’s extracts' antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal isolates. \u0000The phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures.  Soxhlet extracts using n-hexane and methanol were drying in vacuo. The methanol extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs were determined for the extracts using the agar dilution method. \u0000The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenolides, and anthraquinones in the leaf, stem bark, and root bark of T. heudelotii. The extracts showed considerable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and fungi with dermatophytes including Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp, Microsporium canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The mean diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts ranged between 10mm+ 0.5 and 32+ 0.33mm. The methanol extracts compared favourably with the gentamycin (standard control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.157mg/mL and 20mg/mL. The crude methanol extracts and methanol residue showed the highest activity of all the extracts while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity and the Petroleum ether fraction was inactive. \u0000These results showed the potential of T. heudelotii as a possible candidate for bioactive compounds for the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by test pathogens.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over-Expression of EFNA2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: EFNA2 Gene Expression Correlates with Shortened Survival","authors":"Chunmei Liu, Yanjiao Wu, Huandi Zhou, Xiao-hui Ge, Xiaojing Chang, Guohui Wang, X. Xue","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37503","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is increasing worldwide with different prognosis. Ephrin-A2（EFNA2), a member of the Eph/ephrin family, is associated with tumor progression. However, the correlations of EFNA2 with prognosis in LUAD remain unclear. The   purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of EFNA2 on the prognosis of LUAD patients through TCGA, Oncomine, and GEPIA databases, and to explore its possible mechanisms.\u0000Methods: This article found a significant correlation between EFNA2 and shortened survival in  LUAD patients through TCGA, Oncomine, and GEPIA database analysis. Therefore, we further   invested the relationship between the expression and prognostic value of the EFNA2 gene in LUAD\u0000patients. Sequential data filtering (survival analysis, independent prognostic analysis, and clinicalcorrelation analysis) was performed. EFNA2 expression was analyzed by the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). We evaluated the influence of EFNA2 on clinical prognosis using Kaplan-Meier plotter, the PrognoScan database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The correlation between EFNA2 and cancer immune infiltrates was investigated by TIMER. In addition, correlations between EFNA2 expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltrates were analyzed by TIMER and GEPIA. In addition, gene enrichment analysis was performed by Metascape. Finally, a co-expression analysis was performed by the Oncomine database.\u0000Results: A cohort of LUAD patients showed that high EFNA2 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) by TCGA, and EFNA2 was significantly associated with stage in LUAD. In addition, EFNA2 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the differential expression of EFNA2 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma compared with that in normal controls. Specifically, EFNA2 was positively associated with ADAMTSL5, REEP6, PCSK4, C19orf25, and ANAPC2.\u0000Conclusions: Our data indicate that EFNA2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a promising molecular therapeutic target to attenuate LUAD progression.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"181 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized, Single Blind, Standard Controlled, Equivalence Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Comparative Efficacy of Eladi Kasaya Versus Tranexamic Acid Tablet in the Management of Asrigdara (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding): A Clinical Trial Protocol","authors":"Trapti Agrawal, S. Inamdar, Hemanta Kumar Panigrahi, Pratiksha Rathod","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i37502","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Excessive menstrual bleeding is a common problem in reproductive age group females, and it is reported that 1 in 20 lifetime chances, a female needs consulting the physician for excessive and prolonged menstrual bleeding. Ayurvedic literature describes excessive menstrual bleeding as Asrigdara (HMB). Eladi kasaya is one of the treatment modalities for heavy menstrual bleeding given in classics and hence chosen for the current clinical trial. \u0000Methods: We planned a prospective, randomized, controlled, and equivalence trial on the patients with Heavy menstrual bleeding (blood loss > 80 ml) for the last two cycles or more. Eladi Kasaya 50 ml with honey and sharkara(sugar) thrice a day will be given from day 1 to day 7 for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles to Group A and Tablet Tranexamic acid 500mg thrice a day to Group B. Primary outcome measures are menstrual blood loss improvement, reduction in pain assessed by visual analog scale, and change in Haemoglobin concentration. The secondary outcome measure is improvement in quality of life. All adverse drug reactions will be monitored and reported to Ayush Suraksha, pharmacovigilance center, Maharashtra.  Following sample size calculation 46 patients will be recruited in each group to demonstrate equivalence with 80% power. The duration of study will be 2 years. The study is approved through Institutional Ethics Committee dated 07/10/2022, MGACHRC/IEC/Oct-2022/585. Participant recruitment shall be started after getting registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India. \u0000Results: Current manuscript is a clinical protocol, hence results are yet to derive from the study. Results will be presented in conferences and shall be attempted to publish in indexed/peer-reviewed medical journals. \u0000Conclusion: Conclusion shall be drawn after completion of the clinical study.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confounders Effecting Quality of Life of COPD Patients in European Union: A Systematic Review","authors":"Sara Shahid, Zuha Tariq, Obeda Asghar, Arooj Majeed, Umair Amjad, Wasiq Ali, Ahmad Sarfaraz, Muhammad Ahmed Saeed, M.Sohaib Sultan Sabri, Mohammad Abdullah, Azwa Zaheer, Muhammad Aamir, Talha Rehman, Asfa Iqbal, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27501","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by restriction in expiratory airflow. It is among one of the major causes of illness and death globally. COPD causes severe negative effects on physical and mental health. It has a drastic effect upon the health-related quality of life of patients. Numerous factors contribute towards morbidity of COPD that include smoking, obesity, air pollutants and comorbid conditions (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, infections).\u0000Aims and Objectives: The current systematic review was conducted with the aim to determine the health-related quality of life of COPD patients as well as the confounders of quality of life.\u0000Methodology: A systematic review was conducted of 22 studies. The electronic databases used to search the articles were Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science. Total 1880 studies were found, out of which only 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies included are within 2017-2022. Patients met inclusion criteria have less than 70% FEV1/FVC ratio and diagnosis of patients was according to the GOLD staging system. Majority study design were observational, some were cross sectional, experimental and randomized clinical trials. Mean age of patients observed was 40-85 years. To assess the quality of life of COPD patient specific questionnaires has been used like SGRQ, CAT, CCQ, EQ-5D-5L. \u0000Results: Included studies shows that the quality of life of COPD is compromised physically as well as mentally. It is due to less physical activities, smoking habits, psychological issues, comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension.\u0000Conclusion: All the studies concluded that COPD patients diagnosed on basis of GOLD criteria and their quality of life is assessed via disease specific questionnaires that majorly includes SGRQ, CAT, CCQ, EQ-5D-5L. And it shows that quality of life of COPD decreases overall. However, the major confounders of reduced quality of life in COPD patients were: Smoking, raised BMI, high cholesterol, Depression/ anxiety, traffic related air pollutants, malnutrition and co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, asthma, anemia and diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Investigation of Valsartan Sustained-Release Matrix Tablets: Formulation Design and Performance Evaluation","authors":"R. Medarametla, K. Gopaiah, J. Kumar, A. K. Sai, G. M. Chari, A. K. Kiran, B. K. Naik, K. S. Rani","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27500","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this main study is to develop and assess the sustained-release matrix tablets containing Valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist. The powder mixtures underwent a thorough examination of pre-compression parameters and observed angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and Carr’s index, all of which exhibited satisfactory results. Following compression, the tablets were subjected to post-compression evaluations, including weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in-vitro dissolution, and stability studies. In-vitro dissolution investigations are conducted over 24 hours, employing 0.1 N HCL for the initial 2 hours and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for the subsequent 24 hours. Notably, formulations F4 and F7 demonstrated promising dissolution profiles, effectively controlling the release of the drug. These formulations, enriched with higher concentrations of chitosan and sodium alginate in addition to other polymers, successfully sustained the drug release for the entire 24-hour duration. The compatibility of the drug, polymers, and other excipients was meticulously assessed using FT-IR Spectroscopy, affirming the harmonious interaction among these components. Further analysis involved fitting the release data to various mathematical models, including Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi equation, and Korsmeyer-Peppas model, to ascertain the kinetics and mechanisms governing drug release. Results indicated that the drug release adhered to first-order kinetics, with a non-Fickian mechanism prevailing. Stability studies conducted for 3 months provided reassurance regarding the stability of the selected formulations (F4 and F7), bolstering confidence in their potential for sustained release of Valsartan.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"284 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation Techniques, Characterization of Nanoemulsion and their Pharmaceutical Applications: A Comprehensive Technical Review","authors":"Muhammad Abid Mustafa, Namra Rasheed, Hamza Farooq, Muntaha Fazal, Emaan Asif, Hamna Shafiq, Muqadas Amin, Gohar Jaan, Amna Nadeem, Tooba Farooq, Neha Fatima, Sadia Ahmad, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27498","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoemulsions are stable liquid-in-liquid dispersions with large surface areas, strong stability, optical transparency, and adaptable rheology. These submicron-sized emulsions are being studied for drug delivery and targeting in cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies, and biotechnologies. This review explores various techniques for developing and characterizing nanoemulsions, their common formulations, merits, demerits, and current and future applications due to their unique structures and chemistries. The study emphasizes the importance of ideal formulations for nano-droplet systems, including droplet size, solubilization, colloidal stability, and optical and rheological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"56 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}