Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International最新文献

{"title":"In silico Toxicity and Pharmaceutical Properties to Get Candidates for Antitumor Drug","authors":"Dewa Ayu Made Adnyaswari, A. W. Indrayani, I. G. A. Artini","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i27497","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug metabolism is a crucial aspect of medical practice and pharmacology, involving the transformation of drugs by various bodily systems to create compounds that are more easily eliminated from the body. Sorafenib was reported as a useful adjuvant treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent surgical resection. However, poor pharmacokinetic properties such as limited water solubility, rapid elimination and metabolism lead to low bioavailability, restricting its further clinical application. Rosmarinic acid, soluble in ethanol and found in Rosemary leaves, has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in conditions such as cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and liver disease.  \u0000Method: In silico is a term for experiments or tests carried out using computer simulation methods. In silico testing has emerged as a valuable approach for initiating the exploration of novel drug compounds or enhancing the efficacy of existing ones. This method involves predicting, generating hypotheses, and uncovering potential breakthroughs in medicine and therapy through virtual simulations. \u0000Results: Caco2 value of Sorafenib ligand as a comparison, namely 0.762. The highest Caco2 value is owned by Betulinic Acid and the value The lowest Caco2 is owned by Rosmarinic Acid. The highest sample HIA value was owned by Ursolic Acid and the lowest was owned by Rosmarinic Acid. Meanwhile, Sorafenib's HIA value is 85,494. ligands such as Carnosol and rosmanol have a high distribution volume, while the Sama carnosic league, ursolic acid and betulinic acid have a low distribution volume. The Rosmarinic acid ligand has a good distribution volume of 0.393, while the distribution volume value of Sorafenib is -0.009. The highest BBB sample value was owned by Carnosol and the lowest was owned by Rosmarinic acid. Meanwhile, the comparison ligand has a value of -1.473 and is considered less distributed in the brain. all ligands such as Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, Rosmanol, Ursolic Acid, Betulinic Acid, Rosmarinic acid do not have mutagenicity and Cytotoxic effects, but have an effect on immunity. The comparison ligand Sorafenib turned out to have effects on hepatotoxicity, immunity and cytotoxicity. \u0000Conclusion: In pharmacokinetic research, the six phenolic acid compounds in Rosemary exhibited superior properties compared to the reference ligand Sorafenib.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic Measurement of the Liver in a Private Care Setting in Chattogram, Bangladesh","authors":"Istiaque Hossain, S. N. B. Mannan","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17496","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The liver is one of the principal organs of our body involved in over 500 physiological functions related to metabolism, digestion, immunity, and storage of nutrients, which makes it an essential organ to preserve life. The aim of my study is to measure the different size of the liver   sonographically in a randomly selected patients sample and identify factors that affect liver size. \u0000Methods: In this cross sectional study100 subjects were evaluated for liver length in a private care setting during a one-year study period from 01.01.2021 to 31.12.2021 after informed written consent.  Diagnosis of liver diseases, gender differences, liver and non -liver involvements and risk factors were obtained from the subjects. Sonographic measurements of the liver in centimeters were taken from the participants. \u0000Results: The average liver size in the midclavicular line was 15.0 ± 1.5 cm; the average for females was 14.9 ± 1.6 cm and 15.1 ± 1.5 cm for males. 29% of all patients were male with various liver pathologies while 47% of patients were both male and female but shared the same liver pathology, the remaining 24% of patients were female with different pathologies of the liver. Minimum age of the study population was 6 years and the maximum age were 82 years. Regarding occupations of study population, 16% were doing service,29% were housewives,18% were students. Most of the study subjects were from Chattogram (98%) and 32% of the patients had a history of smoking. Liver size exceeded 16 cm in 53% of patients had liver or non-liver involvement and 47% are liver involvement. The fatty changes in the liver Grade I were the most common finding (36%). \u0000Conclusions:  Sonographic measurement of liver length can lead to early diagnosis of various liver diseases.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"256 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Phytochemical, Antioxidative and Antibacterial Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants for Possible use in the Treatment of Bacterial Diseases","authors":"Johnson V. Chibuzor, F. Onyegbule, Blessing O. Umeokoli, B. O. Oyedemi, Eze I. Lucky","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17495","url":null,"abstract":"Development of cheap and reliable diagnostics is pivotal in the control of infectious diseases. Currently, one of the best strategies to tackle infectious disease is the use of natural products from plant origin, due to the perception that long term use of western medicine induces severe complications and also to stop the prevalence of antibacterial infection. This study aims at substantiating the traditional use of selected medicinal plants with antibacterial claim for possible lead for the development of more potent drugs in the treatment of bacterial infections. The preliminary phytochemical content, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the selected medicinal plants were evaluated using standard procedures. Thirtheen plants were obtained through questionnaire administration: Garcinia kola, Costus afer, Vitellaria paradoxa, Pycnanthus angolensis, Cola acuminata Acanthospermum hipida, Aloe vera, Euadenia trifoliate, Microglossa abzelii, Moringa oleifera, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Baphia nitida and Afromonium melegueta. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of the various selected plants were carried out using two solvent system consisting of n-Hexane and ethyl acetate in varying ratio (8:2 and 7:3). Eight (8) plants, which showed good chromatographical profiling with the used solvent, were selected for further experiment (Garcinia kola, Vitellaria paradoxa, Acanthospermum hispidum, Aloe vera, Microglossa abzelii, Baphia nitida, Moringa oleifera and Bryophyllum pinnatum). These plants were subjected to qualitative phytochemistry and five plants (Moringa oleifera, Vitellaria paradoxa, Baphia nitida, Bryophyllum pinnatum and Garcinia kola) selected for quantitative phyto-screening for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The antibacterial screening was carried out using Agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the following isolate Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. The antioxidant potential of the selected five plants were evaluated using in vitro (DPPH and FRAP) and the best plant was used for in vivo (SOD and MDA) analysis. The phytochemistry of the 13 plants revealed the presence or absence of Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and protein in the selected plants, and the best five were selected for quantitative evaluation showed they all have good quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The plants exhibited mild to strong antibacterial activities, having an MIC value ranging from 2.5 to >20 µg/mL when compared to ciprofloxacin (control) that is 5µg/mL. The plants showed good free radical scavenging activities and efficient ferric reducing power in a concentration dependent manner and a good enzyme activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) at a concentration of 100 µ/mL with a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) production as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The various plants have potenti","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"38 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus: Unravelling the Intricate Connection: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"N. Rais, Akash Ved, Rizwan Ahmad, Aashna Parveen","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17493","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with oxidative stress (OS), which is defined as an imbalance between the body's antioxidant defense systems and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). OS serves as a crucial factor in the intricate relationship between DM and cellular dysfunction, influencing the generation of ROS and subsequent DM complications such as retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, encephalopathy, and peripheral arteriopathy. \u0000Objective: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between OS and DM, providing a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms and highlighting emerging therapeutic interventions for the management of OS-related complications in DM. It also explores novel antioxidant-based therapies aiming at specific OS markers and developing personalized interventions, which represents a promising avenue for enhancing treatment efficacy in DM. \u0000Method: The search was conducted on scientific databases and web portals such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, EBSCO, DOAJ, etc. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, OS and DM are related through a dynamic and intricate interaction involving genetic, molecular, and environmental variables. Interdisciplinary approaches hold the potential to uncover novel biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and oriented therapeutic interventions, thereby revolutionizing the clinical management of DM-related complications. With research continuing to advance and customized treatments being more widely incorporated into clinical practice, there is hope that the impact of OS-related DM complications will be significantly mitigated in the future. Despite notable progress, certain unexplored facets necessitate deeper investigations into the precise mechanisms through which OS exacerbates the progression of DM.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"279 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria (GM-d-LAB) from Dwarf Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) Inhibit the Resident Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Bacterial pathogens","authors":"A. Alake, Olorunshola, Mercy Mayowa","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i17492","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has created an urgent need for developing alternative treatment methods. Probiotics, especially Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are gaining interest in this context, as they demonstrate health-enhancing effects and potent antimicrobial activities. The intestines of goats could be a potential origin for developing new probiotics applications in animal feed and human health. Hence this study was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of LAB and pathogens within the intestines of Nigerian dwarf goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), the antimicrobial activity of LAB against resident MDR pathogens, and subsequent identification of bioactive LAB isolated from goat faeces in Nigeria as potential probiotics in animal feed and human health. \u0000Method: Selective isolation of the LAB was carried out using de Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar while enteric pathogens were isolated on MacConkey agar. Preliminary identification was carried out based on Gram reaction, and morphological, colonial, and biochemical characteristics of each isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of all isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The agar overlay method was used to test the most resistant LAB isolates for antimicrobial activity against enteric pathogens. Selected LAB isolates were identified by 16SrRNA sequencing.  \u0000Results: The antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that a majority (77%) of LAB isolates and minimal (҇≤10%) of enteric pathogens demonstrated resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics, indicating a pattern of multi-drug resistance. Over half (62%) of these LAB isolates displayed significant antimicrobial activity against at least five of the resident-resistant pathogens, illustrating their potential role in controlling these pathogens. The sequencing results identified the most active LAB isolates, revealing a mix of strains including Pediococcus lolli (46%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (23%), Weissella confusa (8%), Enterococcus faecium (8%), Enterococcus hirae (8%), and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (8%). \u0000Conclusion: The discovery of a diverse range of LAB strains in goat intestines with significant antimicrobial activity against resident enteric pathogens is valuable. This finding suggests the potential use of these bacteria as natural alternatives to traditional antibiotics, especially in the context of growing AMR in animal husbandry.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}