Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International最新文献

{"title":"Resistant Starch: Way to a Healthy Life","authors":"Sadhna Jain, Anamika Sinha, Ishita Rathi, Khyati Gupta, Neha Shishodiya, Shivangi Kukreti, Pratingya Rath, Alok Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87555","url":null,"abstract":"Prebiotic polysaccharides or resistant starches (RS) are the ones that are resistant to digestion. They are not digested by pancreatic amylase and hence do not hydrolyze D-glucose into the small intestine. One of the benefits of resistant starch is that it has a good impact on digestion activity of the digestive system, bacterial flora, LDL and HDL cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and diabetes management. Swell ability, fluidity, gelation, and water absorption are some of its desired physicochemical features that make it beneficial for many foodstuffs. The development of beneficial bacteria can be promoted with the use of food supplements containing resistant starch. It functions as a prebiotic during the fermentation of fiber and feeds beneficial bacteria present in the colon of the large intestine. Multiple kinds of resistant starch exist. Their structure or source is categorized. In one food, there might be more than one resistant starch present. \u0000In this review, we will focus on the numerous health advantages of resistant starch and how it can help to combat the obesity, diabetes, and gut problems caused by the intake of junk food. ","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"101 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Observational Study to Assess the Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics in Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Drashti Shukla, Dhwani Desai, Rutvi Vaidya, Shivali Patel, Kushal Patil","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77553","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of the study is to assess antibiotic utilization patterns among critically ill and post-operative ICU patients, with the goals of optimizing prescribing practices, evaluating adherence to guidelines, and minimizing risks associated with antibiotic resistance. \u0000Study Design: Prospective Observational. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: BAPS Pramukh Swami Hospital, Surat between November 2022-March 2023. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study included 108 patients directly admitted to the ICU, selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and categorized as critically ill or post-operative patients requiring ICU admission. Additionally, patients needed to have been prescribed at least one antibiotic, whether for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded for each patient using a pre-established case report form. The study aimed to analyze adverse events associated with antibiotic usage among these ICU patients, utilizing Microsoft Excel for data analysis. \u0000Results: The total number of prescribed antibiotics was 235, the empirically prescribed antibiotics were Cefoperazone + Sulbactam 54 (21%) followed by Ceftriaxone (14%) and Meropenem (12%). The multiple therapy was prescribed in 63 (58%) patients. The most utilized were from WHO Watch Class 163 (69%). The value obtained for the average number of antibiotics per encounter was 2.15 (WHO optimal value: 1.6 – 1.8). The adverse events associated with antibiotics were observed in 16 patients. A culture sensitivity test was performed in 28.7% of patients. The most common pathogen detected was E.coli and K. pneumoniae. \u0000Conclusion: The study reflects the requirement of antimicrobial stewardship practice, which should focus on promoting rational antibiotic prescription, which will help in combat with critical resistance issues in the future","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"133 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Confounders Effecting on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)","authors":"A. Noor, Areej Kainat, Ahmad Hanan Shah, Ahmad Safiyan, H. Shahzadi, Iram Yousaf, Muhammad Jawad Akbar, Muhammad Humza Faran, Sana Iqbal, Eman Mustafa, Noor-e-Hizba Chaudhary, Abdulrehman Abid, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87554","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of infant mortality, affecting countries worldwide, including both wealthy and developing nations. Many confounders are responsible for SIDS, which still can be avoided, and the prevalence can stop to save infant deaths. The present systematic review has been conducted to distinguish those responsible factors. The objective of the current systematic review was to identify those confounders and corelate them with SIDS. For conducting the current systematic review, the basic online scientific data bases i.e., (Scopus, ProQuest, Science-Direct, Web of Science along with PubMed) were utilized for searching along with the manual research on Google Scholar. The present systematic review was in line with ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and recommendations. A 20-point appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) was used to critically evaluate the quality of the used studies. Additionally, applying the framework of PECO-S (Population -Exposure -Comparison -Outcome -Study design) numerous observational studies were enrolled for this review. Out of 1989 studies obtained, 24 studies fulfill the inclusion criteria and are thus included in the present review. The original research studies included in the present systematic review were all in “English” language published during the time duration of 2015-2023. Overall, 24 research papers covering 11 different countries’ sample population were included. More number of infants died due to SIDS in the age group of 2-4 months. Key confounders associated with SIDS include parental smoking (64.3%), low-income status (56.9%), bed-sharing (58.7%), and non-breastfeeding (over 90%). Additionally, maternal education, genetic factors, and inequalities in living conditions were identified as significant contributors to SIDS. The review underscores the importance of targeted interventions to address these confounders, such as promoting breastfeeding, reducing parental smoking, and improving maternal education and socioeconomic conditions. By addressing these factors, the incidence of SIDS can be significantly reduced, ultimately saving the lives of infants globally.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"113 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and its Application in Humans: An Overview","authors":"Arunavarsini K, Yuvansasi V, Sekar M, Durga Devi. L, M. R","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77552","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are live microorganisms that have been identified as natural alternatives to antibiotics, which are typically used to treat bacterial infections causing many diseases in both humans and animals. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of probiotics and presents evidence from recent clinical trials and experimental models, showcasing their potential to protect human and animal health. Probiotics have demonstrated potential in enhancing health and aiding in the treatment and prevention of various conditions such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and periodontal diseases. The human gut harbors a diverse microbial community crucial for intestinal health. Disruptions in this microbiome are linked to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Probiotics help restore gut microbiota balance, particularly during antibiotic treatments, reducing AAD incidence. They alleviate IBS symptoms and maintain oral health by modulating oral biofilm, reducing pathogen colonization, and enhancing immune response. Additionally, probiotics exhibit anti-carcinogenic properties by inhibiting bacterial enzymes involved in carcinogen formation and binding aflatoxins, thereby reducing cancer risk. Although antibiotics are life-saving drugs for bacterial illnesses, their excessive and inappropriate usage has led to increased bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and host microbiota imbalance, or dysbiosis. AMR is a major global health threat, potentially leading to millions of deaths annually. Thus, finding and creating antibiotic substitutes is imperative. Evidence suggests that probiotics can counteract infections, modulate immune responses, and regulate gut flora to preserve overall human health. This analysis also examines the potential use of probiotics by their various mechanism to act against infections","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Root Canal Treatment on Oral Health-related Quality of Life in European Population: A Systematic Review","authors":"Sara Shahid, Rabeel Khan, Areej Qamar, Arooj Nasir, Mahnoor Mahmood, Muhammad Tayyab, Ahmed Sabir, Muhammad Ahmed Khan, Areej Majeed, Maryam Ayesha, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77542","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current systematic review examines the complex picture of endodontic treatment, including quality of life, patient satisfaction, and caries prevalence, through 24 research studies conducted in various European countries. \u0000Methodology: A thorough and methodical search of the literature was carried out using five major electronic databases' predefined keywords and phrases. In strict compliance with PRISMA guidelines, this study included a variety of designs, mainly randomized and prospective studies. This review examines the challenges of endodontic treatment, examines in detail the characteristics and indications for root canal fillings, and highlights the importance of assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs). \u0000Results: In particular, patients who undergo root canal treatment experience a statistically significant improvement in their quality of life compared to patients who choose to have their teeth extracted. Looking at prevalence rates globally reveals interesting regional differences. In particular, European and American populations perform better. These differences are due to factors such as patient compliance, better tools, and trained healthcare providers, which lead to improved HR quality of life. \u0000Conclusion:  In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the need for further research to not only reveal the differences in endodontic treatment but also to match patient expectations, thereby promoting continued improvement in treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. The study found that European patients experienced significant improvements in quality of life after root canal treatment. Pain and discomfort decrease, 75% of patients experience less pain and discomfort after treatment. Additionally, the majority of patients report improvements in their lives after treatment. These findings suggest that root canal treatment is an effective way to improve the quality of life of European patients. This study highlights the importance of addressing patients' concerns and fears regarding dental procedures and improving communication and doctor-patient relationships to improve root canal treatment. Overall, this study provides a good insight into the impact of root canal treatment on the quality of life of European patients and has important implications for the development of care strategies for patients in this population.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Topical Antifungal Medication using Sertaconazole Bilosomes: In vitro Permeability, Cytotoxicity, and Clinical Assessment","authors":"Omar Magdy Eldemiri, G. Girgis, Sara Hamdy Fouad, T. Borg","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77541","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of the current study was to develop Sertaconazole bilosomes (SBs) with enhanced permeability, skin deposition, anti-fungal properties, and clinical efficacy. \u0000Methods: By changing span 60 to cholesterol molar ratio, bile salt type, and concentration, 12 formulations of SBs were prepared using the thin film hydration method and characterized by particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), % entrapment efficiency (% EE), and % cumulative drug released after 8h (% Q8h ) and 24h (% Q24h). The optimized formulation (SB 5) was incorporated into 1% Carbopol 940 hydrogel (SBG 5) and tested for ex-vivo permeability, skin deposition, and anti-fungal efficacy compared to the commercial formulation (Dermofix® cream) and sertaconazole alone hydrogel (SAG). A randomized controlled clinical trial of SBG 5 compared to Dermofix® cream and SAG was done on 30 patients diagnosed with Tinea corporis with a 4-week follow-up. \u0000Results: SB 5 showed PS of 158 ± 6.4nm, ZP of −55 ± 1.7mV, PDI of 0.16 ± 0.01, % EE of 96 ± 3.4, % Q8h of  70.3 ± 3.6, and % Q24h of  97.2 ± 3.0. SBG 5 exhibited in vitro release after 24h (1.25 and 1.51-fold), skin permeability (1.6 and 2.3-fold), skin deposition (3.86 and 14.82-fold), and anti-fungal efficacy against Candida albicans (two and 1.44-fold) compared to Dermofix® cream and SAG respectively. Patients receiving SBG 5 exhibited a 1.25 and 1.8-fold higher recovery rate on days 14 and 21 respectively compared to Dermofix® cream, and a 4.5 and two-fold recovery rate on days 14 and 21 respectively compared to SAG. \u0000Conclusion: Bilosomes could be utilized to enhance permeability, skin deposition, anti-fungal properties, and clinical efficacy of Sertaconazole.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Xanthenes: Utilizing Sulfonated Fructose as an Efficient and Eco-friendly Catalyst","authors":"A. Kakeshpour, A. Moradi, F. Moradi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77539","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of xanthenes has garnered significant attention due to their extensive biological and therapeutic properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. Xanthenes are indispensable in organic synthesis and are also valued for their spectral properties as dyes in laser industries and fluorescent materials for detecting biological molecules. Despite various methods reported for xanthene synthesis, challenges such as low efficiency, lengthy reaction times, high catalyst requirements, and the use of hazardous organic solvents necessitate the development of more sustainable and efficient alternatives. \u0000This study introduces sulfonated fructose as a novel, green catalyst for the condensation reactions of benzaldehyde, 2-naphthol, and dimedone to synthesize tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-ones, and aldehyde and 2-naphthol to synthesize 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes. The sulfonation of fructose enhances its catalytic activity by increasing its acidity, stability, and selectivity, thus providing significant advantages over pure fructose. These include: 1. Higher Catalytic Activity: Enhanced acidity of sulfonated fructose reduces reaction times and increases yields. 2. Greater Stability: Increased stability of the catalyst leads to less degradation and a longer lifespan. 3. Compatibility with Green Chemistry: The use of less toxic and hazardous catalysts aligns with green chemistry principles, reducing environmental pollution. 4. Reduced Need for Toxic Solvents: Reactions can proceed under milder conditions using environmentally friendly solvents like water and ethanol. 5. Improved Selectivity: Sulfonic groups enhance the selectivity of reactions, resulting in fewer by-products and higher purity. \u0000This innovative approach not only improves the efficiency and sustainability of xanthene synthesis but also demonstrates the economic and environmental benefits of using sulfonated fructose. The method offers straightforward operation, reduced costs, shorter reaction times, and easier purification, making it a valuable contribution to the field of green and sustainable chemistry.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on Hansen Solubility Parameter of Caffeine Dissolved in Different Pure Solvents","authors":"María Ángeles Peña, Angeliki. Kaproulia, D. R. Delgado, A. Jouyban, José María Machuca, F. Martínez","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67532","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Solubility is a molecular property decisive in the entire process from drug development and design to the final drug formulation and production, the main objective of this paper is to explain the effect of the variance in molecular properties and intermolecular interaction on dissolution by Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP) and KAT-LSER model. \u0000Study Design: Solubility is a molecular property decisive in the entire process from the drug development and design to the final drug formulation and production, the main objective of this paper is to explain the effect of the variance in molecular properties and intermolecular interaction on dissolution by Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP) and KAT-LSER model. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy. Between April 2023-April 2024. \u0000Methodology: The solubility of the drug was measured in pure mono solvents of several chemical classes keys in formulation, purification, and crystal formation of drugs. HSP was tested to determine the partial solubility parameters of caffeine. The logarithm of the mole fraction experimental solubility ln X2 as the dependent variable was used. KAT-LSER model was used to show that solute-solvent interactions are principally attributed to the dipolarity/polarizability interaction and the hydrogen bonding basicity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were performed for the original powder and the solid phase after equilibration with the pure solvents. \u0000Results: Good results were obtained with the model of three- and four-partial parameters of solubility. Since the dispersion parameter does not greatly vary from one drug to another, the variation of solubility among solvents is largely due to the dipolar and hydrogen bonding parameters, a fact that is consistently found for other drugs of small molecular weight. DSC and FT-IR allow the detection of possible changes in the thermal properties of the solid phase and verify the anhydrous nature of the starting material. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that the solubility of caffeine is mostly affected by polarity and/or hydrogen bonding.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"115 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Utilization Evaluation of Antidepressant Prescribing Practice in a Psychiatric Outpatient Hospital: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Vaishnavi Uppula, Tejasri Nitturi, S. S. Padi, Jagadeesh Babu Bandari, Manjula Puluru","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77533","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main causes of morbidity is psychiatric disorders, which are becoming a burden to public health. The therapeutic choices are influenced by several factors, including treatment paradigms, safety, and costs that determine outcomes. \u0000Aim: We carried out the drug utilization evaluation (DUE) of antidepressants in patients visiting the psychiatry outpatient department.  \u0000Study Design: An observational, prospective, and cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry, Jaya Krishna Hospital, Hanamkonda, TS, between September 2021 to April 2022. \u0000Methodology: We included patients who visited the psychiatric outpatient hospital, were clinically diagnosed, and received any antidepressants for the long term. The relevant data collected from the information resources was systematically analyzed for DUE. \u0000Results: Among 417 patients, the majority were in the age group of 31-40 (33.3%) years, and the most affected were female (57.3%), married (73.4%), and housewives (29.5%). Depression (37.6%) was the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder. Of these prescriptions, 5.3% were monotherapy, the remaining was polytherapy (94.7%), and the majority of them had three drugs (36.2%). The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.4, drugs prescribed by generic names were 41.4%, injectable drugs prescribed were 2.6%, and drugs listed in the National List of Essential Medicines were 61.3%. Of all, 88.7% of prescriptions had at least one antidepressant, predominantly SSRIs, and fluoxetine (23.0%) was the most commonly prescribed. Benzodiazepines (59.7%) were the most frequently prescribed concomitant drug class and clonazepam (50.6%) was the most widely prescribed. Suicidal thoughts (5.8%) were the most commonly observed ADR. \u0000Conclusion: The study observed a pattern of polytherapy, mainly antidepressants from the SSRIs, notably fluoxetine mostly prescribed, and suicidal thoughts were the frequent ADR. Drug use surveillance studies, rationalizing therapeutic choices, and proper patient counseling would improve therapeutic outcomes by minimizing side effects and ADRs.","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"118 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Invstigation of Lipid Profile in Saudi Healthy Population and the Effects of Lifestyle","authors":"Babiker M.A","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67519","url":null,"abstract":"In this study differences in the response of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol were investigated in normal healthy Saudi population according to sex, age and lifestyle (rural and urban). This study was carried out for a total of (873) subjects (475 males and 398 females). Each of these two sex groups is classified into six subgroups according to ages ([0-14],[15-24],[25-40],[41-55],[56-69],[70+]). \u0000For the all tested people the blood was drawn after overnight fasting period (12-14hrs) using heparinized tubes. For all the required parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C) enzymatic colorimetric method is used and the mean values were obtained accordingly. \u0000For plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C, the results showed lower Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol levels through childhood group (0-14) in both males and females. However HDL-C remains high in children with similar values as in adults in both males and females between city and village population. Neonatal and children plasma contains proportionately higher HDL-C than that of adult, decreases during adolescence to a constant value and remains constant up to the age of 55 years in both sexes, then it starts to rise to a constant level and remain constant throughout life. For both males and females at birth and through early years of life (infants and children) there were no considerable differences in all parameters (T.C, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG) tested and that is may be due to absolute and close similarity of dietary habits and lifestyle between villagers and city populations for infants and children respectively. These levels increase with increasing of age for both sexes depending deeply upon the diet, and the increase of total cholesterol is significant or close to significant up to the age of 69 years in males, then it starts to fall, but it continued to rise in women. Similarly LDL-C level increases up to the age of 69 in males and then it remains constant through all the rest of the life, but for females it continues on increasing throughout life. Triglyceride levels increase up to the age of 55 in males where it started to fall throughout life, whereas in females it follow the same manner as T.C and LDL-C since it increases throughout life. The increasing of LDL-C is quite obvious throughout life in females, whereas it remains constant after the age of 69 in males. \u0000On the other hand it seems that differences of dietary habits and lifestyle are much more effective in the adult groups of age (15-24), (25-40), (41-55), (56-69), (70+), since there are significant or nearly significant differences between villagers and city populations in plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides. \u0000It is quite obvious that the variability in plasma lipids and lipoproteins (T.C, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C) among populations precludes the establishm","PeriodicalId":506675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}