Current Treatment Options in Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Mechanism of Combining Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Mingyue Wang, Shuo Li, Runyu Li, Fangling Ning, Lijun Tian","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01260-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01260-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with about 85% of patients being diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); and most presenting with stage IV disease initially. With the continuous advancement of treatment strategies of oncology, immunotherapy with/without chemo-immunotherapy has become the first-line treatment for patients with stage IV NSCLC. However, a proportion of patients still develop resistance to the treatment regimen and experience local progression, and primary lung lesion progression is the main progression pattern of stage IV NSCLC. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of radiotherapy in anti-tumor treatment and suggest that administering local radiotherapy prior to cancer progression can prolong survival. Therefore, we consider whether adding local radiotherapy before the progression of a pulmonary lesion in stage IV NSCLC patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy would be beneficial. The present review aims to explore the efficacy and safety of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy in the treatment of stage IV NSCLC, delving into the intricacies of their underlying mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1605-1614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"When Less is More\": Paradigm Shifts in Radiation Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.","authors":"Sylvia Rhodes, David Gibbes Miller, Fumiko Chino","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01253-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01253-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Recent advancements in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer have significantly shifted the radiotherapy landscape. Traditionally, the standard of care included lumpectomy followed by endocrine therapy and 3-5 weeks of adjuvant radiation targeting the entire unilateral breast. This review summaries modern trials, emphasizing data reported since 2019 that have changed radiation treatment paradigms. Ultra-hypofractionated treatment regimens have enabled radiation oncologists to deliver the total radiation dose in as few as 5 treatments over 1 week for select patients. Partial breast irradiation, treating only the breast tissue nearest to the lumpectomy cavity, has also emerged as an effective and well-tolerated treatment. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence supports the safety of omitting radiation completely for certain older adults with low-risk disease. Ongoing research in areas such as precision cancer care, treatment de-escalation, and toxicity prevention and management reflects a broader shift toward shared decision-making in medicine and individually tailored treatment paradigms. As research progresses, treatment options will continue to evolve. Advances in radiation oncology will give the oncology team a growing array of tools to custom treatment plans to individual patient risks and toxicity concerns. Knowledge of radiation advances should be used to facilitate shared decisions with patients about the balance of treatment efficacy, toxicity, and quality of life, with the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality, personalized, and patient-centered cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1495-1505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Potential of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4 and 6 Inhibitors Beyond Progression in Hormone Receptor Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Negative Advanced Breast Cancer - A Clinical Review.","authors":"Chiara Benvenuti, Thomas Grinda, Elie Rassy, Julia Dixon-Douglas, Joana M Ribeiro, Alberto Zambelli, Armando Santoro, Barbara Pistilli","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01259-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01259-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have revolutionized the management of hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer. However, resistance to CDK4/6i remains an unavoidable challenge, with limited evidence to guide the choice of subsequent treatments. Continuation of CDK4/6 inhibition raises as a compelling treatment option and is currently an active area of research. This approach encompasses multifaceted strategies regarding CDK4/6i sequence (same or switched agent), endocrine therapy (ET) partner and potential combination with a third drug. Continuing CDK4/6 inhibition while targeting ET resistance in tumours still dependent on ER activity (i.e., ESR1 mutation) through a ctDNA-guided approach has the potential of becoming practice-changing, pending the results of ongoing phase III studies. Conversely, the efficacy of this strategy in cases of radiological progression in a biomarker-unselected population appears to be rather unsatisfactory. While some benefit, albeit modest, has been observed from switching to a different CDK4/6i after progression (e.g. ribociclib after palbociclib in the MAINTAIN trial and abemaciclib after both palbociclib and ribociclib in the postMONARCH trial), the current evidence (mainly with palbociclib) clearly argues against maintaining the same CDK4/6i. Biomarker analyses to optimally identify patients suitable for this approach yielded inconsistent findings that do not apply to daily clinical decision making. Attractive preliminary efficacy has recently emerged from combining a third agent (immunotherapy, AKT/ PIK3CA/mTOR inhibitor, new ET agents, CDK2 inhibitors) to CDK4/6i and ET, but further validation in larger ongoing trials is required to also determine the optimal timing for incorporating these agents into the therapeutic timeline. To date, CDK4/6i after CDK4/6i progression is far from being a standard of care. However, selected patients with indolent disease, prolonged exposure to previous CDK4/6i treatment (especially palbociclib) and without actionable molecular alterations, may be suitable for suchmaintenance strategy beyond progression. In this challenging and rapidly evolving treatment landscape, ongoing studies can refine the optimal approach and identify clinical and molecular factors to select the best treatment for the right patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1517-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Review of Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix.","authors":"N Desravines, C Tran, S Wethington, M Y Williams-Brown","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01254-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01254-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Among cervical cancers, adenocarcinoma is less common than squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix; however, the incidence of these cancers is rising. The incidence has changed largely due to a shift in risk factors as well as the evolution of the diagnosis and classification of adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix is composed of a diverse group of neoplasms that can be classified by various factors. In this review article, preinvasive disease, updated classifications of adenocarcinoma, and treatment options for cervical adenocarcinoma are discussed with a focus on current and future therapies. Advances in antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and immunotherapy have increased the treatment options available for usual-type adenocarcinoma but there is still a lack of variety of treatment options for the remaining 25% of non-usual-type adenocarcinomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1538-1549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Understanding Drug Resistance Mechanisms and Innovative Clinical Treatments for Melanoma.","authors":"Xiaoya He, Hao Deng, Wei Liu, Liling Hu, Xiao Tan","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01279-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01279-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Melanoma, a highly invasive skin cancer resulting from melanocyte malignant transformation, is the third most common skin malignancy. Despite accounting for only 4% to 5% of all skin malignancies, it is responsible for 80% of skin cancer-related deaths. Targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved survival rates, yet drug resistance remains a major challenge. In this review, I explore the latest research progress on melanoma drug resistance mechanisms and clinical treatment methods. This aims to provide insights for more effective treatment strategies and improve patient prognosis and quality of life. I also discuss potential strategies to overcome drug resistance based on the latest scientific findings, with a particular focus on the complex and multi-factorial drug resistance mechanisms of melanomas, including genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and tumor microenvironment factors. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing new drugs and combination therapies targeting drug-resistant tumors. Analyzing complex drug resistance pathways paves the way for personalized medical approaches, which is expected to provide enlightenment on breaking through drug resistance barriers and enhancing the effectiveness of melanoma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1615-1633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: Seeking the Cure by Redefining Stage IV Disease?","authors":"Dionysia N Zouki, Eleni A Karatrasoglou, Georgios Pilichos, Elisavet Papadimitraki","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01275-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01275-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Breast cancer represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In early stages a combination of treatment strategies are offered with curative intent, whereas the therapeutic aim in metastatic disease is to provide the longest possible survival with an acceptable quality of life. The term \"oligometastasis\", first described by Hellmann and Weichselbaum in 1995, represents an intermediate state between local and systemic disease, where radical focal treatments to all metastatic lesions might have a curative potential. Due to sufficient lack of data, the proper management of oligometastatic disease remains even until today a highly unmet need. Surgery, radiotherapy or ablation (radiofrequency or cryotherapy) are among the local eradication therapies that could offer long-term outcomes in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC). The present review aims to bring the readers up to the latest data regarding the management of OMBC according to the different organs involved by setting a framework of current treatment paradigms. It also brings to the forefront debatable questions requiring multidisciplinary approach and highlights the concerns arising from dealing with this clinically and biologically unique entity in everyday clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1482-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Therapeutic Targets in RAS Wild-type Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Maria Diab","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01242-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01242-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>The landscape of treatment of advanced PDAC is witnessing significant changes. This is in part due to the advent of molecular profiling, which has highlighted molecularly-distinct subsets of pts, especially those with KRAS wild-type disease. We now know that these pts harbor genomic alterations that not only serve as molecular drivers but also pose as therapeutically relevant markers. In the absence of strong evidence to support the use of targeted therapy in the front-line setting, we continue to offer chemotherapy for treatment-naïve pts. However, an argument can be made for the front-line use of targeted therapy in pts who are not fit for chemotherapy or who are not interested in it. The challenge is ensuring that molecular profiling is done in a timely fashion to prevent significant delays in therapy. In our practice, we offer molecular testing to all pts with a new diagnosis of advanced PDAC. We prefer the utility of targeted therapy in the second line and beyond for pts who have an actionable target, over the use of further chemotherapy, as targeted therapy appears to confer deep and durable responses and longer survival. For pts with MSI-H or MMRd disease, the use of immunotherapy is indicated, although it has to be noted that MSI-H/MMRd PDAC performed worse that other MSI-H/MMRd cancers treated with immunotherapy. Therefore, in the presence of MSI-H/MMRd and an additional actionable target, we prefer treating with targeted therapy and reserving immunotherapy for later lines. Pt preference has to be taken into consideration at all times though.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1556-1562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Current and Future Antibody Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Megan Randall, Rachel Akers, Ruta Rao","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01276-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01276-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a novel class of anti-cancer agents that have changed the standard of care for patients with breast cancer. Their targeted approach delivers potent anti-cancer drugs to cancer cells bearing specific surface antigens, thereby maximizing anti-cancer effects and minimizing systemic toxicity. Currently, there are three ADCs available for use in breast cancer: trastuzumab emtansine for HER2 positive breast cancer (early stage and metastatic), trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2 positive and HER2 low breast cancer (metastatic) and sacituzumab govitecan for triple negative and hormone receptor positive (HR +), HER2 negative breast cancer(metastatic). Trials have shown that these drugs have improved both progression free survival and overall survival in the metastatic setting, and trastuzumab emtansine has improved overall survival in early-stage breast cancer as well. The future of this class of compounds is very exciting. This field is rapidly evolving with new ADCs being investigated and clinical trials looking at the use of known ADCs in earlier stage disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1506-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Options for IDH-Mutant Malignant Gliomas.","authors":"Sasha N Swensen, Karl Cristie F Figuracion, Vyshak A Venur, Samuel Emerson, Yolanda D Tseng, Simon S Lo, Ralph P Ermoian, Lia M Halasz","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01280-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01280-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>As the peak incidence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas is amongst young adults, there is a need to balance tumor control with long term side effects of therapy. Following initial clinical presentation and acquisition of contrasted diagnostic imaging, tissue diagnosis is essential in suspected diffuse glioma. Depending on the location and extent of disease, maximal surgical resection is preferred both for histologic diagnosis and initial therapy. Partial resection or biopsy alone is considered when the tumor cannot be completely resected or if there are clinical reservations regarding a more significant operation. The classification of diffuse glioma has evolved over time, with histopathology and molecular marker status guiding discussions of prognosis and postoperative management. In patients with IDH-mutant grade 2 glioma and low-risk features, observation with active surveillance is generally recommended following a gross total resection. For those with high-risk features, which historically included age > 40 years or subtotal resection, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally recommended, however decisions for adjuvant therapy pose challenges as many of the landmark historical trials guiding adjuvant therapy were performed prior to the molecularly defined era. This is an area where multiple clinical trials are ongoing and hold promise to inform treatment paradigms, including recent data on the use of IDH-mutant inhibitors in grade 2 tumors with recurrent or residual disease. For IDH-mutant grade 3 and 4 glioma, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation are recommended for all patients after initial resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1594-1604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Secrets Revealed: How Diabetes may be Paving the Way for Leukemia.","authors":"Pouya Goleij, Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari, Ahmed Rabie Dahab Ahmed, Leena Mohamed Elamin Mohamed, Ghaida Ahmed Hamed Saleh, Malak Tarig Mohamed Abdu Hassan, Alaa Galal Mohammed Moahmmednoor, Haroon Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11864-024-01281-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11864-024-01281-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Opinion statement: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and leukemia are two major global health concerns, both contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between T2DM and an increased risk of leukemia, particularly driven by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and the resultant metabolic dysregulation. Key shared risk factors, including obesity and chronic inflammation, create a conducive environment for leukemogenesis, intensifying cancer cell proliferation and resistance to standard therapies. Insulin resistance, in particular, triggers oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK, exacerbating the aggressive phenotype seen in leukemia patients with T2DM. Additionally, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is implicated in the higher leukemia risk observed in diabetic populations, especially among the elderly. Molecular mechanisms like the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system further highlight the intricate link between these diseases, promoting survival and proliferation of leukemia cells. The coexistence of T2DM in leukemia patients is associated with poorer prognostic outcomes, including increased susceptibility to infections, reduced survival, and greater treatment resistance. Antidiabetic agents, notably metformin and pioglitazone, show promise in enhancing chemotherapy efficacy and improving patient outcomes by targeting metabolic pathways. These results highlight the need for comprehensive treatment approaches that target both metabolic abnormalities and cancer-related mechanisms in patients suffering from both T2DM and leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50600,"journal":{"name":"Current Treatment Options in Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1563-1579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}