Journal of Scientific Research and Reports最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Zero Tillage and Different Weed Management Practices in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indo Gangetic Plains: A Review","authors":"Dharani Dhar Pradhan, Sandeep Rawal, Mo Asif, Swagat Ranjan Behera, Urmila Panda, .. Simran","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62071","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of rural and urban residents depend on the rice-wheat cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) for their food security and means of subsistence. About 18 million hectares (m ha) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are rotated across Asia, of which 13.5 m ha are in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. This agricultural system’s viability is currently in jeopardy due to static yields of both wheat and rice and a decline in total factor productivity. The North West IGP's high input crop culture has allowed weeds to dominate the weed flora, including P. minor in wheat and Echinochloa crus-galli L. in rice. Farmers in North West India have largely used zero tillage for growing wheat, and recently, farmers in the eastern IGP have done the same. Perennial weeds in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain, such Cynodon dactylon L. and Cyperus rotundus L. can occasionally be a nuisance under zero tillage. As an alternative to puddled transplanted rice, the focus is currently on dry direct-seeded rice and machine transplanting of non-puddled rice. As a result of changes in tillage, crop establishment techniques, water use, and weed control brought on by the switch from transplanted rice to direct seeded rice, weed composition and diversity frequently vary. In nations where DSR is frequently used, weedy rice has become a significant concern. Using the Zero Tillage DSR system, certified seed, cultivars that are weed-competitive, stale seedbed procedures, living mulches, and chemical and biological weed control might change weed-crop competition in the crop's favour. However, more research on emergence characteristics and mulching effects of different crop residues on key weeds under zero tillage, cover cropping, and breeding crops for weed suppression will strengthen nonchemical weed management programs. In this review, we examine the extent of weed infestation, weed flora shift and the non-chemical alternative weed management in DSR.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"8 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seedling Growth, Field Performance and Economics of Production of Early Cauliflower as Influenced by Different Sowing Media and Variety under Greenhouse Condition in Assam, India","authors":"Nayanmoni Buragohain, S. Gogoi, U. Kotoky, D. B. Phookan, P. K. Barua, P. Kalita","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62067","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the greenhouse and in the field of the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to assess the effect of sowing media and variety  on growth of  early cauliflower seedling and subsequent performance of seedling  in the main field. The results revealed that seedlings raised in different sowing media surpassed the conventional sowing media (soil, sand and farm yard manure) for growth attributes and yield. The media M1 i.e., cocopeat (60): vermiculite (20): perlite (20) recorded the highest seedling emergence whereas minimum days to transplanting and maximum leaf area was recorded in M2 i.e., cocopeat (50): vermicompost (50). Minimum days to 2-true leaf emergence was recorded in both M2 and M3 [cocopeat (50): vermicompost (50): microbial consortium@ 1:100] and M3  recorded the highest seedling height in nursery. Minimum days for 2-true leaf emergence was recorded by variety V2 (CFL1522) while highest leaf area was found in V1(White Diamond).  Among interactions, M1V1 recorded maximum emergence, M2V2 recorded minimum number of days for 2-true leaf stage and to transplanting respectively, maximum leaf area in M2V1 and M3V2 produced the tallest seedling. In field, the seedlings that were grown in M3 media in nursery recorded significantly higher value of growth parameters and yield. Variety white Diamond took minimum days for establishment and recorded maximum leaf area index at 30 Days After Transplanting (DAT) as well as at harvest. Though treatment combination, M3V2 recorded the highest curd yield the highest cost benefit ratio was obtained in M3V1 (3.95) and the lowest (2.42) in M1V1. Considering the cost benefit ratio, for producing good quality seedlings of early cauliflower under green house, which will further give best performance in field condition, cocopeat (50): vermicompost (50): microbial consortium (1:100) as sowing media and variety White Diamond can be used in Assam.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"102 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Water Management for Sustainable Farming: A Review","authors":"Ashoka, P, B. R. Devi, Nilesh Sharma, Madhumita Behera, Abhishek Gautam, Ayushi Jha, Gayatri Sinha","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62068","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is capable of enhancing water management for sustainable farming. The growing demand for agricultural productivity and sustainability in the context of finite water resources and climate change drives the necessity for more efficient water management practices. AI technologies, through automated and precision irrigation systems, AI-based predictive models, and AI-driven water quality monitoring, offer significant improvements in water efficiency and agricultural output. These systems optimize irrigation scheduling based on real-time data, enhance the precision of water application, and ensure water quality, thus supporting sustainable agricultural practices. However, the implementation of AI in water management is not without challenges. Technical difficulties in adapting AI to diverse agricultural environments, data privacy and security concerns, ethical considerations, and barriers to adoption among small-scale farmers are critical issues that need addressing. This study addresses both the transformative impacts and the inherent challenges of integrating AI technologies. Furthermore, the review identifies a gap in research regarding AI’s adaptability to variable climates and its integration with socio-economic data, suggesting that future studies focus on these areas. Policy recommendations are also discussed, emphasizing the need for developing standards and best practices, increasing funding and incentives for AI research, promoting training and capacity building, and establishing robust regulatory frameworks for data management. By tackling these challenges and leveraging AI’s full potential, water management in agriculture can be significantly improved, leading to enhanced global water security and sustainability in farming practices. The review concludes that while AI presents a promising future for agricultural water management, strategic and thoughtful approaches are required to overcome obstacles and fully realize the benefits of this technology.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Prices and Market Arrivals of Gram in Madhya Pradesh","authors":"Kavita Nitharwal, P.S. Raghuwanshi, Sudhir Singh, Sneha Pandey, Surendra Rundla, Hemant Kumar Lamba","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62064","url":null,"abstract":"Taking these aspects into consideration current investigation was performed by acquiring monthly wholesale prices of gram in Madhya Pradesh. This analysis was centred on the secondary data regarding relationship between prices and market arrivals of gram in designated Agricultural Produce Market Committee (A.P.M.Cs) of Madhya Pradesh during the span of a decades from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Maximum significant association between prices and arrivals was seen in Vidisha mandi during eight years (2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2020-21 and 2021-22) while it was non-significant only in two years in Vidisha mandi (2018-19 & 2019-20). Followed by Raisen and Bhopal mandies during six years. Only in Vidisha and Bhopal mandies the correlation between arrivals and price showed a negative relationship (-0.2330 and -0.0327) and was statistically significant while it was statistically non-significant in Raisen mandi. Market arrivals were maximum in Vidisha mandi alongside monthly average of 1563.04 qt and minimum in Bhopal with the mean of 22.67 quintal per month. Coefficient of variation was computed to study the variations in monthly prices and arrivals gram during 2012-13 to 2021-22. Price variability coefficient of gram was originally peak (49.41%) in Vidisha, followed by (23.51%) Raisen and Bhopal (19.37%) from 2012-13 to 2021-22. The highest variation in arrivals was in Vidisha (49.41%) followed by Bhopal (44.73%) and Raisen (40.93%).","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Efficacy Effect of Newer Insecticides and Biopesticides against Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) Guenee","authors":"Abhishek Mahala, Usha Yadav","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62066","url":null,"abstract":"Eggplant (Solanum melongena) holds significant importance as a vegetable in regions characterized by hot and wet climates. Brinjal plants face infestations from 26 insect pests and several non-insect species, with the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) standing out as a primary threat. This pest poses a significant challenge, causing crop damage year-round. Yield losses attributable to this pest range from 70 to 92 percent. This scenario has presented a challenge for farmers engaged in the commercial cultivation of brinjal. Upon reviewing research papers, it was discovered that newer insecticides and biopesticides exhibited notable superiority. Spinosad 45SC emerged as the top performer, followed by Indoxacarb 14.5SC and Emamectin benzoate 0.5SG.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Appraisal of Integrity Clubs in Bhutan","authors":"Tenzin Phuntsho, Kinzang Gyeltshen","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62065","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the values of youth, highlighting its importance in influencing ethical behaviors and principles. It emphasizes the importance of anti-corruption programs in spreading the values, especially among Bhutanese youth. The Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) and the Ministry of Education and Skill Development (MoESD) instituted school integrity clubs in 2017 to promote ethical behaviors, knowledge-sharing, and participation in fighting corruption. The study utilizes Youth Integrity Assessment (YIA) 2022 data, which includes 130 Integrity Club (IC) members and 179 non-IC members. The study aims to evaluate the impact of IC on the values of youth. Welch's t-test was utilized to compare the values of IC members with non-IC members. The results indicate a positive impact on the values of youth, highlighting the significance of implementing integrity clubs in schools/institutes. Furthermore, the correlation between the variables shows a positive relationship. This study suggests that the ACC and MoESD should cascade this initiative to other schools or institutes.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of Farmer’s Perspectives on Custom Hiring Service Centres in Tumakuru District of Karnataka, India","authors":"Anil K, B. Jirli, N. H M, Preeti Y H","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62060","url":null,"abstract":"The perception of farmers regarding the usefulness of Custom Hiring Service Centre’s refers to their opinions and attitudes toward these facilities, particularly in terms of accessing machinery, cost-effectiveness, productivity benefits, technology adoption, and labor reduction. The study conducted in Tumakuru district of Karnataka during 2020-21 was an \"ex post facto\" research focusing on farmers' perceptions of the usefulness of hiring centers. Eight taluks were chosen, where Custom Hiring Service Centre’s were operated effectively. The results pertaining to the perception towards objectives of Custom hiring centers showed that more than two-fifths of respondents (45.38 %) falling under the medium category with Mean = 32.65 and SD = 3.42, perception towards availability of services in also saw positive outcomes through the services of Custom Hiring Service Centre’s. With 42.13 per cent of respondents in the high category and perception towards benefits of CHSC with 46.15 per cent of respondents were categorized as low. The Custom Hiring Service Centre’s had a notable impact on overall perception of farmers i.e., more than one third (36.15 %) of the respondents falls under high perception level. The statement farmers pay only for the number of acres or the number of hours used has component loading of 0.83 followed by overcome the problem of labour in agricultural operation with 0.76 component loading. Through the provision of affordable access to a diverse range of farm machinery and equipment, Custom Hiring Service Centre’s have significantly enhanced operational efficiency, minimized input losses, and promoted sustainable farming practices.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"69 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding for Resistance against Pest and Diseases in Tomatoes: A Review","authors":"SK MD Ajaharuddin, Madan Lal, Ashwani Yadav, Nitin Kumar, Atul Dhakad, Gayatri Sinha, Budhesh Pratap Singh, Archana Upadhyay","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62063","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases and pests have a substantial effect on tomato production, greatly affecting both the quantity and quality of this crucial vegetable crop. Although fungicides and insecticides have been important in controlling plant diseases and pests, their excessive usage raises significant environmental issues. Vegetable breeders are increasingly concentrating on developing cultivars with natural tolerance to biotic stresses to promote sustainability and environmental friendliness. The change in focus is intended to cultivate tomato cultivars with inherent resistance to diseases and pests, hence decreasing the need for chemical treatments. Advancements in creating high-yielding genetically resistant tomato cultivars are a result of detailed study on the genetic basis of pest and disease resistance in tomato crops, as well as the complex interactions between the host plant and pathogens. For effective breeding programs and pre-breeding activities, scientists and breeders must have access to sources of resistance and a thorough grasp of the genetic complexities involved. This requires examining the genetic composition of both the tomato plants and the different infections that are impacting them. Breeders may generate tomato cultivars with strong resistance to common diseases and pests by using the inherent defensive mechanisms found in certain tomato types via selective crossing. Continuing to study how hosts and pathogens interact and the molecular processes involved in resistance is crucial. This information offers vital insights on how to improve and expand resistance, leading to the creation of cultivars with long-lasting and wide-ranging resistance. Currently, the emphasis on breeding is a proactive and sustainable strategy for transfer of resistances in high yielding tomato cultivars. Researchers aim to develop tomato cultivars that provide high yield and demonstrate tolerance to changing disease and pest stresses by integrating genetic knowledge with sophisticated breeding methods. This comprehensive method protects tomato crops and encourages environmental sustainability by decreasing the need on chemical inputs in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"85 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monetary Policy, Digitalisation and Banking Industry Performance in Nigeria","authors":"Sunday Enebeli-Uzor, Adam Mukhtar","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62062","url":null,"abstract":"In the evolving financial landscape of Nigeria, the interplay between monetary policy and digitalization significantly influences the performance metrics of banks. This study explores the multifaceted impact of these two critical factors on the Nigerian banking sector. Monetary policy, orchestrated by the Central Bank of Nigeria, regulates the economy's money supply, affecting banks' lending behaviors and liquidity. Digitalization, on the other hand, offers a transformative potential for banks to enhance operational efficiency, customer experience, and service delivery through technological advancements. The study examines how money supply, lending rate and digitalization (proxied by mobile cell subscription) affect banks’ financial performance, focusing on bank credit and liquid assets, while controlling for inflation and exchange rate variables. It also examines the interaction between digitalization and monetary policy variables on bank performance. Employing an interactive multiple regression model, the study analyzes time series data from 1996 to 2022 sourced from the World Bank. Findings indicate that while stringent monetary policies can constrain bank performance by tightening credit and reducing liquidity, digitalization provides an opportunity for banks to counteract these effects through enhanced efficiency. However, the successful integration of digital technologies is contingent upon adequate investment, regulatory support, and strategic alignment with the banks’ core objectives. The study concludes that Nigerian banks must adeptly manage monetary policy fluctuations and leverage digitalization to sustain and enhance performance. These insights could guide policy formulation and strategic decision-making within the banking industry.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"88 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Artificial Insemination: A Journey from Past to Present","authors":"Prachi Sharma, Damini Arya, Anjali Arya, S. Doultani, K. K. Hadiya, L. George, H. Highland","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62061","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial insemination (AI) has a rich history spanning centuries, beginning with early experiments in plant and animal reproduction. This article traces the development of AI from its earliest recorded instances in 1322 A.D. to modern-day advancements. Notable pioneers such as Spallanzani, Hunter, and Ivanoff contributed significantly to the evolution of AI techniques. The introduction of AI across various animal species, including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry, revolutionized breeding practices worldwide. Key milestones include the development of semen extenders, the invention of artificial vaginas for semen collection, and the advent of cryopreservation techniques. Moreover, advancements in sperm quality assessment and estrous synchronization further enhanced AI efficiency. The introduction of sexed semen technology has provided a means to control offspring gender, offering new avenues for genetic selection. Overall, AI has played a crucial role in improving livestock genetics, disease control, and reproductive efficiency, making significant contributions to agricultural productivity and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}