Journal of Scientific Research and Reports最新文献

{"title":"Global Challenges Facing Plant Pathology: A Review on Multidisciplinary Approaches to Meet the Food Security","authors":"Ashwini Kumar, Dibyajyoti Mahanta, Mohini M. Dange, Ayushi Trivedi, Nirjharnee Nandeha","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62106","url":null,"abstract":"Plant disease outbreaks cause a decline in primary productivity and biodiversity, which negatively impacts the socioeconomic and environmental circumstances in the afflicted areas. They also pose significant threats to the environment's sustainability and the world's food security. Climate change increases the risk of outbreaks by altering host-pathogen interactions, altering the development of pathogens, and encouraging the emergence of new pathogenic strains. Changes in the range of pathogens can cause plant diseases to spread more quickly in new areas. In this review, we examine the potential effects of future climatic scenarios on plant disease pressures and the resulting effects on plant productivity in agricultural and wild environments. We study the effects of climate change, both now and in the future, on disease incidence and severity, pathogen biogeography, natural ecosystems, agriculture, and food production. To mitigate future disease outbreaks, we propose modifying the current conceptual framework and integrating eco-evolutionary theories into studies to improve our mechanistic comprehension and prediction of pathogen spread in future climates. We stress the need of an interface between science and policy that works closely with relevant intergovernmental organisations to provide effective monitoring and management of plant disease under future climate scenarios. This will be necessary to ensure long-term food and nutrient security as well as the sustainability of natural ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Nanotechnology in Food Science: Functionality, Applicability and Safety Assessment","authors":"Prabha Haldkar, Mohini M. Dange, Ayushi Trivedi, Nirjharnee Nandeha, Suneel Kumar Rathour","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62105","url":null,"abstract":"With rising investment and market share, it is anticipated that the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology will change many facets of food science and business. A brief overview of recent uses of nanotechnology in food systems is provided in this article. To present a thorough overview of the advancement and safety evaluation of nanotechnology in the food sector, the functionality and applicability of food-related nanotechnology are emphasized. Food nanotechnology has a lot of potential applications, but because of its unique physicochemical characteristics, there are growing potentials. Consequently, a brief discussion is given to the safety issues and legal requirements pertaining to its production, processing, packaging, and consumption. This paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects for using nanotechnology in active and intelligent packaging.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"298 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation Indices Based Spatial Water Demand of Rabi Onion Crop","authors":"M. Adawadkar, A. R. Pimpale, S. Wadatkar, M. U. Kale, I. Ramteke","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62104","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous methods for estimating the water requirements of crops. However, the FAO Penman-Monteith Method has been adopted worldwide but it lacks spatial variability. The accuracy can be improved by adopting VI based method.  Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the use of vegetation indices (VIs) as a surrogate of crop coefficients in place of tabulated crop coefficients and find the best VI in the case of onion crops which require the amount of water. The study was conducted in 3 districts of Maharashtra i.e. Nashik, Dhule, and Jalgaon where onion is a major rabi crop grown on a large scale, for two consecutive rabi seasons of the year 2020-21 and 2021-22. Multitemporal vegetation indices such as NDVI, NDWI, SAVI, MSAVI2, and RVI were estimated using temporal images of Sentinel 2A satellite during the growth period of onion and week-wise values were obtained by using ERDAS Imagine. Linear regression was applied on VI values versus Kc recommended by MPKV, Rahuri which resulted in linear models. NDWI-Kc model showed the strongest relation with high R2 values. The spatial crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was then calculated by applying this model. For the 2020–21 growing season, the total crop evapotranspiration for onions in Dhule, Jalgaon and Nashik was calculated to be 486.5 mm, 482.7 mm, and 488.7 mm, respectively. Whereas during 2021–22, it was estimated to be 493.7 mm, 473.9 mm, and 477.2 mm, respectively in these districts. For getting water demand crop evapotranspiration values were multiplied by the acreage estimated by remote sensing. Total water demand for rabi onion for the districts Dhule, Jalgaon and Nashik was found to be 70.54 Mm3, 43.8 Mm3 and 693.2 Mm3, respectively and 128.1 Mm3, 33.9 Mm3, and 825.7Mm3 respectively for the years 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight on Mycoflora Associated with Rice Grain Discolouration","authors":"Aakash Gupta, Ajay S. Chavan, Malini Ray, Sneha Choudhary","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62070","url":null,"abstract":"Grain discolouration, a complex disease of rice is a new enemy to rice crops around the world, and it is becoming increasingly important due to the qualitative as well as quantitative loss of harvested crop. The present study was carried out on the ten different variety of rice (MEX-73, NLR-33892(Parthiva), MEX-48, MEX-61, PR-126, PR-128, PR-129, PR-130, Pusa-basmati -7 and Pusa basmati-1121). The incidence was calculated in one metre square quadrants randomly marked in the plot, where the highest incidence was observed in PR-126(36.23%) and the least was Pusa basmati-1121(19.77%). Several seed borne fungi were detected using blotter paper method. The Mycoflora observed were Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Bipolaris oryzae, Sarocladium sp., Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp. The maximum frequency was observed for Aspergillus (25.73%) followed by Penicillum (24.53%), and the least observed was Bipolaris oryze(1.73%). The identity of the Aspergillus was confirmed using Inter transcribed Spacer primers (ITS1 & ITS4).","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"6 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zero Tillage and Different Weed Management Practices in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indo Gangetic Plains: A Review","authors":"Dharani Dhar Pradhan, Sandeep Rawal, Mo Asif, Swagat Ranjan Behera, Urmila Panda, .. Simran","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62071","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of rural and urban residents depend on the rice-wheat cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) for their food security and means of subsistence. About 18 million hectares (m ha) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are rotated across Asia, of which 13.5 m ha are in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. This agricultural system’s viability is currently in jeopardy due to static yields of both wheat and rice and a decline in total factor productivity. The North West IGP's high input crop culture has allowed weeds to dominate the weed flora, including P. minor in wheat and Echinochloa crus-galli L. in rice. Farmers in North West India have largely used zero tillage for growing wheat, and recently, farmers in the eastern IGP have done the same. Perennial weeds in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain, such Cynodon dactylon L. and Cyperus rotundus L. can occasionally be a nuisance under zero tillage. As an alternative to puddled transplanted rice, the focus is currently on dry direct-seeded rice and machine transplanting of non-puddled rice. As a result of changes in tillage, crop establishment techniques, water use, and weed control brought on by the switch from transplanted rice to direct seeded rice, weed composition and diversity frequently vary. In nations where DSR is frequently used, weedy rice has become a significant concern. Using the Zero Tillage DSR system, certified seed, cultivars that are weed-competitive, stale seedbed procedures, living mulches, and chemical and biological weed control might change weed-crop competition in the crop's favour. However, more research on emergence characteristics and mulching effects of different crop residues on key weeds under zero tillage, cover cropping, and breeding crops for weed suppression will strengthen nonchemical weed management programs. In this review, we examine the extent of weed infestation, weed flora shift and the non-chemical alternative weed management in DSR.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"8 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seedling Growth, Field Performance and Economics of Production of Early Cauliflower as Influenced by Different Sowing Media and Variety under Greenhouse Condition in Assam, India","authors":"Nayanmoni Buragohain, S. Gogoi, U. Kotoky, D. B. Phookan, P. K. Barua, P. Kalita","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62067","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the greenhouse and in the field of the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to assess the effect of sowing media and variety  on growth of  early cauliflower seedling and subsequent performance of seedling  in the main field. The results revealed that seedlings raised in different sowing media surpassed the conventional sowing media (soil, sand and farm yard manure) for growth attributes and yield. The media M1 i.e., cocopeat (60): vermiculite (20): perlite (20) recorded the highest seedling emergence whereas minimum days to transplanting and maximum leaf area was recorded in M2 i.e., cocopeat (50): vermicompost (50). Minimum days to 2-true leaf emergence was recorded in both M2 and M3 [cocopeat (50): vermicompost (50): microbial consortium@ 1:100] and M3  recorded the highest seedling height in nursery. Minimum days for 2-true leaf emergence was recorded by variety V2 (CFL1522) while highest leaf area was found in V1(White Diamond).  Among interactions, M1V1 recorded maximum emergence, M2V2 recorded minimum number of days for 2-true leaf stage and to transplanting respectively, maximum leaf area in M2V1 and M3V2 produced the tallest seedling. In field, the seedlings that were grown in M3 media in nursery recorded significantly higher value of growth parameters and yield. Variety white Diamond took minimum days for establishment and recorded maximum leaf area index at 30 Days After Transplanting (DAT) as well as at harvest. Though treatment combination, M3V2 recorded the highest curd yield the highest cost benefit ratio was obtained in M3V1 (3.95) and the lowest (2.42) in M1V1. Considering the cost benefit ratio, for producing good quality seedlings of early cauliflower under green house, which will further give best performance in field condition, cocopeat (50): vermicompost (50): microbial consortium (1:100) as sowing media and variety White Diamond can be used in Assam.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"102 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Water Management for Sustainable Farming: A Review","authors":"Ashoka, P, B. R. Devi, Nilesh Sharma, Madhumita Behera, Abhishek Gautam, Ayushi Jha, Gayatri Sinha","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62068","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is capable of enhancing water management for sustainable farming. The growing demand for agricultural productivity and sustainability in the context of finite water resources and climate change drives the necessity for more efficient water management practices. AI technologies, through automated and precision irrigation systems, AI-based predictive models, and AI-driven water quality monitoring, offer significant improvements in water efficiency and agricultural output. These systems optimize irrigation scheduling based on real-time data, enhance the precision of water application, and ensure water quality, thus supporting sustainable agricultural practices. However, the implementation of AI in water management is not without challenges. Technical difficulties in adapting AI to diverse agricultural environments, data privacy and security concerns, ethical considerations, and barriers to adoption among small-scale farmers are critical issues that need addressing. This study addresses both the transformative impacts and the inherent challenges of integrating AI technologies. Furthermore, the review identifies a gap in research regarding AI’s adaptability to variable climates and its integration with socio-economic data, suggesting that future studies focus on these areas. Policy recommendations are also discussed, emphasizing the need for developing standards and best practices, increasing funding and incentives for AI research, promoting training and capacity building, and establishing robust regulatory frameworks for data management. By tackling these challenges and leveraging AI’s full potential, water management in agriculture can be significantly improved, leading to enhanced global water security and sustainability in farming practices. The review concludes that while AI presents a promising future for agricultural water management, strategic and thoughtful approaches are required to overcome obstacles and fully realize the benefits of this technology.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Prices and Market Arrivals of Gram in Madhya Pradesh","authors":"Kavita Nitharwal, P.S. Raghuwanshi, Sudhir Singh, Sneha Pandey, Surendra Rundla, Hemant Kumar Lamba","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62064","url":null,"abstract":"Taking these aspects into consideration current investigation was performed by acquiring monthly wholesale prices of gram in Madhya Pradesh. This analysis was centred on the secondary data regarding relationship between prices and market arrivals of gram in designated Agricultural Produce Market Committee (A.P.M.Cs) of Madhya Pradesh during the span of a decades from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Maximum significant association between prices and arrivals was seen in Vidisha mandi during eight years (2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2020-21 and 2021-22) while it was non-significant only in two years in Vidisha mandi (2018-19 & 2019-20). Followed by Raisen and Bhopal mandies during six years. Only in Vidisha and Bhopal mandies the correlation between arrivals and price showed a negative relationship (-0.2330 and -0.0327) and was statistically significant while it was statistically non-significant in Raisen mandi. Market arrivals were maximum in Vidisha mandi alongside monthly average of 1563.04 qt and minimum in Bhopal with the mean of 22.67 quintal per month. Coefficient of variation was computed to study the variations in monthly prices and arrivals gram during 2012-13 to 2021-22. Price variability coefficient of gram was originally peak (49.41%) in Vidisha, followed by (23.51%) Raisen and Bhopal (19.37%) from 2012-13 to 2021-22. The highest variation in arrivals was in Vidisha (49.41%) followed by Bhopal (44.73%) and Raisen (40.93%).","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Efficacy Effect of Newer Insecticides and Biopesticides against Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) Guenee","authors":"Abhishek Mahala, Usha Yadav","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62066","url":null,"abstract":"Eggplant (Solanum melongena) holds significant importance as a vegetable in regions characterized by hot and wet climates. Brinjal plants face infestations from 26 insect pests and several non-insect species, with the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) standing out as a primary threat. This pest poses a significant challenge, causing crop damage year-round. Yield losses attributable to this pest range from 70 to 92 percent. This scenario has presented a challenge for farmers engaged in the commercial cultivation of brinjal. Upon reviewing research papers, it was discovered that newer insecticides and biopesticides exhibited notable superiority. Spinosad 45SC emerged as the top performer, followed by Indoxacarb 14.5SC and Emamectin benzoate 0.5SG.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Appraisal of Integrity Clubs in Bhutan","authors":"Tenzin Phuntsho, Kinzang Gyeltshen","doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62065","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the values of youth, highlighting its importance in influencing ethical behaviors and principles. It emphasizes the importance of anti-corruption programs in spreading the values, especially among Bhutanese youth. The Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) and the Ministry of Education and Skill Development (MoESD) instituted school integrity clubs in 2017 to promote ethical behaviors, knowledge-sharing, and participation in fighting corruption. The study utilizes Youth Integrity Assessment (YIA) 2022 data, which includes 130 Integrity Club (IC) members and 179 non-IC members. The study aims to evaluate the impact of IC on the values of youth. Welch's t-test was utilized to compare the values of IC members with non-IC members. The results indicate a positive impact on the values of youth, highlighting the significance of implementing integrity clubs in schools/institutes. Furthermore, the correlation between the variables shows a positive relationship. This study suggests that the ACC and MoESD should cascade this initiative to other schools or institutes.","PeriodicalId":505977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}