IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v42i1.26896

José Herrera Plaza

{"title":"La experimentación humana con plutonio en España. Génesis y desarrollo del “Proyecto Indalo” (1966-2009)","authors":"José Herrera Plaza","doi":"10.30827/dynamis.v42i1.26896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v42i1.26896","url":null,"abstract":"En 1966 cayeron sobre los cielos de Palomares (Almería) cuatro bombas de hidrógeno; cada una sesenta y ocho veces más potentes que la de Hiroshima. Un bombardero estratégico B-52 colisionó con su avión nodriza. Tres cayeron en tierra y una en el mar. Dos de las que impactaron en tierra diseminaron su carga de plutonio (Pu239) por varios cientos de hectáreas. En el núcleo urbano y alrededores de Palomares fue abandonada la mayor parte del combustible nuclear. Al mismo tiempo, aprovecharon para dejar un laboratorio donde estudiar, a instancia de los Estados Unidos, la interacción del plutonio con las personas y el medioambiente a través del acuerdo secreto, denominado en clave “Proyecto Indalo”. El plutonio llevaba 26 años descubierto y se ignoraban sus consecuencias a largo plazo en el hombre. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de dar a conocer cuáles fueron las condiciones, motivaciones, objetivos, génesis y desarrollo del Proyecto Indalo, independientemente de sus resultados. Se trata del proyecto de experimentación con humanos más dilatado y desconocido de la ciencia española, también uno de los más singulares, por el secreto que lo ha envuelto, debido a la ausencia de cualquier garantía bioética. Un proyecto creado a partir de una historia oficial ficticia, sustentada en una supuesta descontaminación completa, forjada en dictadura, pero mantenida durante 37 años en democracia. Para ello, contamos con la exposición y análisis de la reciente historiografía aparecida en español, la evidencia contenida en la documentación inédita del Departamento de Energía (DoE) de los EE.UU. y fuentes orales de los afectados.","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73789379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

El diccionario de especialidad como instrumento de comunicación científica: el ejemplo de la electricidad, 1880-1910 作为科学传播工具的专业词典:以电为例，1880-1910

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24542

José Antonio Moreno Villanueva

{"title":"El diccionario de especialidad como instrumento de comunicación científica: el ejemplo de la electricidad, 1880-1910","authors":"José Antonio Moreno Villanueva","doi":"10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24542","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo se ofrece un panorama de los diccionarios de electricidad publicados en Europa entre 1880 y 1910, etapa en que esta disciplina y sus aplicaciones técnicas e industriales experimentaron un importante desarrollo. En particular, se atiende a los repertorios que circularon en España, tanto en su lengua original como sobre todo traducidos, pues su autoría correspondió mayoritariamente a ingenieros franceses, ingleses y alemanes: Jacquez (1883), Dumont (1889), Houston (1889), Lefèvre (1891), O’Conor Sloane (1892), Hospitalier (1900), Deinhardt y Schlomann (1908), etc. Asimismo, se presta atención a otros diccionarios técnicos de autor español, como los de Clairac (1877-1908) o Camps y Armet (1888), en cuyas páginas está especialmente presente el tecnicismo eléctrico. El acercamiento a este conjunto de diccionarios pone manifiesto el papel que correspondió a los distintos repertorios de especialidad en el proceso de comunicación y divulgación científica de la época, y permite señalar la existencia de discursos complementarios, reflejo de variadas situaciones comunicativas (la que se da en el seno de la comunidad científica, en el mundo técnico e industrial, entre la comunidad técnica y científica y el lector profano…), que hablan asimismo de cómo se resuelve en ellos la tensión entre lengua y ciencia.","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charlatanes versus médicos honorables: el discurso profesional sobre la virtud y la buena praxis en España (1820-1860) 江湖骗子与可敬的医生:西班牙关于美德和良好实践的专业论述(1820-1860)

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24536

V. Núñez-García, Darina Martykánová

{"title":"Charlatanes versus médicos honorables: el discurso profesional sobre la virtud y la buena praxis en España (1820-1860)","authors":"V. Núñez-García, Darina Martykánová","doi":"10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24536","url":null,"abstract":"Los estudios sobre la corrupción, el fraude o las prácticas inmorales constituyen un área en expansión en la historiografía. Dentro de ese marco, el artículo se centra en el análisis del discurso médico sobre la charlatanería y la práctica profesional fraudulenta en España entre 1820 y 1860. Trazable al menos hasta la época de la Ilustración y enmarcado en una estrategia discursiva más amplia, el discurso contra la charlatanería aportaba un contra-modelo operativo para construir el ideal de profesional virtuoso, cuya labor profesional estaba avalada por una formación reglada y por el desarrollo de la medicina como «ciencia útil» para el país y para la Humanidad. La convivencia entre una medicina «legítima» y otras prácticas alternativas había sido una constante en la historia. Sin embargo, durante el siglo XIX tomó fuerza a nivel transnacional un discurso generalizado de denuncia contra los llamados charlatanes, personas que ejerciesen la medicina sin título o que llevasen a cabo prácticas entendidas como acientíficas o inmorales. Este discurso fue desplegado desde espacios de comunicación profesionales, en especial la prensa médica de la época, en un contexto que se caracterizaba por la transformación de la profesión médica en España y en Europa (y más allá), por el afán de reafirmar la profesión médica como una ocupación honorable y por la pugna por los pacientes/clientes en un mercado con rasgos novedosos. Asimismo, resaltamos el papel del Estado a la hora de definir y reconocer la autoridad de experto de los médicos y, al mismo tiempo, ser interpelado por ellos para implicarse en la lucha contra la charlatanería.","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91307293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editing Jean Starobinski Jean Starobinski编辑

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24544

F. Vidal

引用次数: 0

El honor, el fraude y las profesiones sanitarias en la Europa del siglo XIX 19世纪欧洲的荣誉、欺诈和卫生专业

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24533

Darina Martykánová, V. Núñez-García

引用次数: 0

El buen doctor: cultura visual y defensa de la profesión médica en la Francia del siglo XIX 《好医生:19世纪法国医疗职业的视觉文化与辩护》

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24535

Ainhoa Gilarranz-Ibáñez

引用次数: 0

The doctor and his patients: the intergenerational dispute concerning the ideal physician, the Czech Lands 1840s-1890s 医生和他的病人:关于理想医生的代际争议，1840 -1890年代的捷克土地

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24538

Barbora Rambousková

{"title":"The doctor and his patients: the intergenerational dispute concerning the ideal physician, the Czech Lands 1840s-1890s","authors":"Barbora Rambousková","doi":"10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24538","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the 19th century, the professionalization of the medical field took place in the Czech Lands, then part of Austria-Hungary. The physicians’ aim was to eliminate their rivals such as charlatans, folk healers, and other alternative healers, but they also strove to regulate competition among colleagues. In this period, which can be described as a period of therapeutic ni- hilism, a new generation of physicians emerged in the Czech Lands who tried to promote and apply new medical knowledge to everyday practice in the medical market. In practice, however, it was very hard for this innovative group of young medics to defend their scientific approach and their professional honor from the demands of patients, on whose monetary reward they and their families depen- ded. The article argues that there was a dispute between the older and younger generation of physicians over the ideal of the physician and his honor. This hy- pothesis is based on a discursive analysis of medical manuals for laymen penned mostly by physicians, so-called «house physicians», and of articles in professional journals published by local physicians in the Czech language. The conflict is illus-trated by examples of bloodletting and drug prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81538466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

El laboratorio de la aduana de Valencia: fiscalidad, análisis químicos y patrimonio portuario (1927-1937) 巴伦西亚海关实验室:税收、化学分析和港口遗产(1927-1937)

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24543

I. Suay-Matallana

引用次数: 0

Professional dominance? Encounters between physicians and patients in the first half of the 19th century under the Habsburg Monarchy 专业优势?19世纪上半叶哈布斯堡王朝时期医生和病人之间的接触

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24534

Vladan Hanulík

{"title":"Professional dominance? Encounters between physicians and patients in the first half of the 19th century under the Habsburg Monarchy","authors":"Vladan Hanulík","doi":"10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24534","url":null,"abstract":"In Vienna, the tradition of clinical teaching began with Anton de Haen’s introduction of the newly established educational approach in the Buergerspital in 1754. In the second half of the 18th century, clinical teaching at medical faculties contributed to the shift of power relationships between doctors and patients. The medical gaze that the doctor and the patient directed towards each other regulated the patients’ as well as the physicians’ behavior in the setting of hospital medicine, but this does not mean that a wholesale transformation of the medical field took place. Patients were not mere passive objects of externally controlled processes but influential agents of medical process. Middle- and upper-class patients sought assistance from their family general practitioners even at the beginning of the 20th century, and the relationships between these family doctors and their patients were more equal. Up to the end of the 19th century, physician-patient contact often comprised traditional methods of consultation by letter, and physicians saw and treated their patients predominantly in the patient’s homes. A doctor’s medical authority was not solely based on his knowledge, skills, and reputation among colleagues at the medical faculty. As in the early modern tradition of doctor-patient encounters, patients continued to play the role of ultimate arbiter of the performativity of physicians.","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction of the modern physician and the debate on medical professionalism in the 19thCentury Ottoman Empire 现代医师介绍与19世纪奥斯曼帝国医疗专业主义之争

IF 0.2 4区哲学

Dynamis Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24539

Ceren Gülser İlikan Rasimoğlu

{"title":"Introduction of the modern physician and the debate on medical professionalism in the 19thCentury Ottoman Empire","authors":"Ceren Gülser İlikan Rasimoğlu","doi":"10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24539","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on how boundaries were created between modern physicians and traditional healers when the modern medical profession was established in the 19th century Ottoman Empire, based on documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office. In the Tanzimat period (1839-1876), the Ottoman elites focused on modifying the education system with the aim of modernizing the institutions of the Empire, and medical education was one of their priorities. The Imperial School of Medicine was inaugurated in 1839, and a series of regulations simultaneously established that only graduates from the modern schools had the right to practice medicine. These regulations detailed the content of the education, the stages to be completed in order to graduate, and the regulation of professional praxis postgraduation. These regulations drew a boundary between the professional and the layman. Their aim was to achieve the domination of certified professionals over the health field, expelling non-professionals once enough staff became available. The article examines the rivalry between modern and traditional physicians and the diverse strategies employed to distinguish between modern and lay practitioners and to deny legitimacy for some medical practices. The panorama was further complicated by the ethnicity factor in the context of unrest in the Empire at that time. Other questions addressed in this text include: What discourses and legal regulations played a role in forming the boundaries between customary and modern educational processes? How did the Ottoman elites seek to control the population through medicine and health policies?","PeriodicalId":50561,"journal":{"name":"Dynamis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75215675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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