Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Cardiomyopathy: Diagnostic and Prognostic Insights","authors":"Yasmin Hanfi","doi":"10.1111/echo.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review focuses on the key noninvasive cardiac imaging techniques, including coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). It highlights essential publications pertinent to clinicians managing ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. CCTA provides an anatomical assessment that offers superior diagnostic accuracy compared to functional tests. It is a valuable tool for understanding the impact of nonobstructive coronary artery disease on patient outcomes. Additionally, CCTA is beneficial in defining the morphology of vulnerable plaque, which closely aligns with IVUS findings. It also demonstrates safety advantages, including reduced contrast volume and radiation dose and a lower risk of contrast-induced nephropathy when used in post-CABG besides conventional coronary angiograms. CMR provides invaluable insight into MI size and microvascular obstruction, critical for understanding a patient's prognosis. The assessment of scar tissue with CMR has become an essential tool for risk stratification and informs therapeutic decisions regarding the implantation of ICD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incomplete Shone's Syndrome With Unicuspid Aortic Valve","authors":"Xuechen Liu,&nbsp;Jian Cui,&nbsp;Junxiang Pan,&nbsp;Mengqian Liao,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Lianyi Wang","doi":"10.1111/echo.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While this syndrome is associated with bicuspid aortic valve, here we report a case presenting with Shone's syndrome complicated by unicuspid aortic valve. \u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before and Beyond Tissue Characterization: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Morphological, Volumetric, and Functional Evaluation of the Right Ventricle in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, a Narrative Review","authors":"Francesco Mangini,&nbsp;Grazia Casavecchia,&nbsp;Matteo Gravina,&nbsp;Natale Daniele Brunetti,&nbsp;Antonio Di Monaco,&nbsp;Santo Dellegrottaglie,&nbsp;Marco Guglielmo,&nbsp;Luca Sgarra,&nbsp;Maria Milo,&nbsp;Katya Lucarelli,&nbsp;Francesco Spinelli,&nbsp;Roberto Calbi,&nbsp;Robert W. W. Biederman,&nbsp;Francesca Lombardi,&nbsp;Fabrizio Fortunato,&nbsp;Ilaria Dentamaro,&nbsp;Michele Luca Dadamo,&nbsp;Corrado Fiore,&nbsp;Sergio Suma,&nbsp;Massimo Grimaldi","doi":"10.1111/echo.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by fibro-fatty replacement, primarily affecting the right ventricle (RV), with variable involvement of the left ventricle, characterized by an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In addition to tissue characterization, which is not the subject of this review, dilation, global systolic dysfunction, and regional kinetic abnormalities of the RV are important components of the diagnostic process for this disease, serving as essential diagnostic criteria. Cardiac magnetic resonance, a central examination in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies, has gained progressive importance because of its greater diagnostic accuracy than echocardiography in detecting morphological volumetric and functional abnormalities, especially of the RV. However, the accurate assessment of morphological abnormalities of the RV using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging remains challenging, because of variability in the interpretation of individual structural anomalies. Besides, several elements come into play in the differential diagnosis of morphological anomalies of the RV, which often mislead the operator and lead to false positive results. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the use of cardiac magnetic resonance in the morphological, volumetric, and functional evaluation of the RV in this disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Optimize a 3D Transesophageal Echocardiographic Dataset Using Advanced Editing Tools: A Step-by-Step Guide","authors":"Sergio Suma","doi":"10.1111/echo.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper provides a step-by-step guide in editing 3D transesophageal echocardiographic datasets. It reiterates the importance of editing as an added value of optimizing echocardiographic images in order to achieve a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessarily lengthening an invasive examination such as transesophageal imaging.</p>\u0000 <p>In particular, the process begins with acquiring a comprehensive 3D dataset, optimizing image cropping, and adjusting gain to enhance visualization. Techniques such as rotation, cropping, dual view, and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) allow for detailed exploration of cardiac structures, facilitating better understanding of conditions such as mitral regurgitation and stenosis. Advanced visualization tools, like photorealistic and glass effects, improve anatomical realism and help accentuate important features for diagnosis. Furthermore, transillumination techniques enhance visualization, making subtle anatomical details more apparent. To conclude, optimizing 3D datasets is essential for accurate anatomical representation and understanding of cardiac pathology, emphasizing the need for careful acquisition and editing during transesophageal echocardiography.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional Predictive Importance of Middle Cerebral Artery, Umbilical Artery and Heart for Coarctation of the Aorta in Fetal Ultrasound Parameters","authors":"Guihong Chen,&nbsp;Wei Xiang,&nbsp;Liman Fu,&nbsp;Yanhong Zhang,&nbsp;Pin Wang,&nbsp;Yongfeng Han,&nbsp;Lu Qin,&nbsp;Qing Guo,&nbsp;Bu-Lang Gao,&nbsp;Congxin Sun","doi":"10.1111/echo.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the ultrasound parameter changes in middle cerebral artery (MCA), intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal umbilical artery (UA), and heart for prediction of fetal coarctation of the aorta (CoA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this prospective one-center control study, 45 true CoA fetuses, 70 false-positive CoA fetuses, and 336 healthy control fetuses at the gestational age 19–40 weeks were prospectively enrolled to undergo ultrasound examination. All the ultrasound parameters of the MCA, intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal UA, and heart were analyzed for the prediction of true CoA in the fetuses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the true CoA fetuses compared with the healthy controls, significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decreases were present in the peak systolic velocity (PSV)/peak diastolic velocity ratio (S/D), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) of the MCA, PSV and velocity time integral (VTI) of the UA, MCA to the intra-abdominal UA ratios of the S/D, PI, and RI, left ventricle, tricuspid valve E peak (TV-E), TV-A peak, left cardiac output (LCO), and LCO/body weight, whereas significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increases were detected in the UA S/D, PI, and RI, the MCA to the intra-abdominal UA ratios of the PSV and VTI, cardiac axis, right atrium, and right ventricle. Compared with the true CoA fetuses, the false-positive fetuses exhibited significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increases in MCA S/D, intra-abdominal UA PSV and VTI, MCA-S/D/intra-abdominal UA S/D, MCA-PI/intra-abdominal UA-PI, MCA-RI/intra-abdominal UA-RI, MCA-S/D/free UA-S/D, MCA-PI/free UA-PI, MCA-RI/free UA-RI, MV-E, MV E/A, TV-E and -A, and LCO/weight, but significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decreases in MCA-VTI/intra-abdominal UA-VTI, intra-abdominal UA PI and RI, free UA S/D, free UA PI and RI, and RCO/weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fetuses with CoA have significant alterations in the ultrasound parameters of MCA, intra-abdominal UA, and heart, and significant decreases in MCA RI and the ratio of LCO to fetal weight and ventricular septal defect may significantly affect CoA presence. Fetuses with these ultrasound changes at the gestational age 19–40 weeks should have further examinations for confirmation of CoA presence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Fresh Thrombus Following Cardiac Surgery: A Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis","authors":"Wenqian Wu,&nbsp;Lili Jiang,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Lin He,&nbsp;He Li,&nbsp;Lingyun Fang,&nbsp;Mingxing Xie","doi":"10.1111/echo.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 59-year-old male who underwent the Bentall procedure developed a newly identified echogenic mass in the right heart, detected via intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Thrombectomy under TEE guidance successfully removed the thrombus, and the patient recovered well. TEE was crucial for the real-time detection and management of this rare complication.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine Echocardiographic Assessments of Single Ventricle Patients Should Include Atrial Strain","authors":"Alan P. Wang,&nbsp;Pei-Ni Jone","doi":"10.1111/echo.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudoaneurysms of the Ascending Aorta Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, Presenting as Stroke","authors":"Neda Toofaninnejad,&nbsp;Ali Hosseinsabet,&nbsp;Sahar Asl Fallah,&nbsp;Flora Fallah","doi":"10.1111/echo.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>TEE simultaneous orthogonal long axis and short axis views and MDCT of ascending aorta sagittal view demonstrate two complicated pseudoaneurysm (*) in anterior wall of ascending aorta and intramural hematoma (open arrow) extending proximally to aortic root and a large thrombus (solid arrow) protruding into the lumen of ascending aorta\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Quantification of Fetal Cardiac Function in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Advanced Fetal HQ Imaging Techniques","authors":"Jing Wang,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Wujuan Cai,&nbsp;Hong Jiang","doi":"10.1111/echo.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70156","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. Although GDM typically resolves after delivery, it can have long-term effects on both maternal and fetal health, including potential cardiovascular complications for the offspring. This study aims to evaluate the impact of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal cardiac function using advanced fetal HQ (fetal heart quantification) imaging technology.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A prospective study was conducted from July 2019 to November 2024, involving 303 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters, including 105 with GDM (well-controlled) and 198 healthy controls. Fetal cardiac function was assessed using fetal HQ imaging, a two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography technique. Measurements of global longitudinal strain (GLS), fractional area change (FAC), and fractional shortening (FS) were obtained for both the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles. Correlations between maternal metabolic factors (BMI, HbA1c, triglycerides) and fetal cardiac parameters were also evaluated. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed for all measurements.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The GDM group exhibited significantly lower LV GLS compared to the control group (−21.5 ± 5.5% vs. −24.5 ± 4.9%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000), indicating impaired myocardial deformation. No significant differences were found in RV GLS, FAC, or ejection fraction (EF). Significant differences in 24-segment FS values were observed in both the LV and RV, with the GDM group showing lower FS values across most segments, suggesting subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Reliability analysis demonstrated high intra- and inter-rater consistency for fetal cardiac measurements, with LV GLS showing excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.912) and strong inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.725). HbA1c and triglycerides were negatively correlated with LV FAC, indicating that maternal metabolic factors may affect fetal left ventricular function.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates that GDM is associated with impaired fetal left ventricular function, particularly in myocardial deformation, as measured by LV GLS and FS. Maternal metabolic factors, including HbA1c and triglycerides, are linked to these alterations. Fetal HQ imaging is a reliable method for assessing fetal cardiac function and provides valuable insights into the cardiovascular effects of maternal hyperglycemia on the fetus.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 &lt;/di","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Diastolic Function Following Myocardial Infarction on Doppler Echocardiography","authors":"Nicole Ivy Chan,&nbsp;John J. Atherton,&nbsp;Liza Thomas,&nbsp;Gillian Whalley,&nbsp;Peter Stewart,&nbsp;Michael Mallouhi,&nbsp;William Vollbon,&nbsp;Sandhir B. Prasad","doi":"10.1111/echo.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whilst females have relatively greater preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following myocardial infarction (MI), they have higher rates of heart failure, presumably due to diastolic dysfunction (DD). This study sought to assess sex differences in LV diastolic function on Doppler echocardiography following MI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on 2505 consecutive patients with a first-ever MI (defined using the Universal Definition of MI) between 2013 and 2020 were included. Echocardiography was performed within 24 h of admission. Significant DD was defined as grade 2 + 3 DD according to current ASE/EACVI guidelines. Diastolic function score (DFS) was calculated by summing the number of abnormal parameters out of the four key diastolic parameters (e′ velocity, E/e′ ratio, left atrial volume index [LAVI], and tricuspid regurgitation velocity [TRV]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to males, females were older, had greater co-morbidity, less 3-vessel disease, higher LVEF (55.0 + 9.8% vs. 52.7 ± 9.8%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and a greater proportion with LVEF &gt; 50% (74.4% vs. 66.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). On group comparisons between sexes, LAVI, e′ velocity, E/e′ ratio, significant DD, and DFS showed greater abnormalities in females. In multivariable models incorporating clinical, angiographic and echocardiographic data to determine independent predictors of diastolic parameters, female sex was independently associated with abnormal LAVI (OR 1.40, <i>p</i> = 0.017), E/e′ ratio (OR 2.86, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), TRV (OR 1.88, <i>p</i> = 0.004), significant DD (OR 2.12, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and DFS (OR 2.59, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female sex is a strong independent predictor of DD on Doppler echocardiography in patients with a first-ever MI. This may explain the higher incidence of heart failure despite relatively preserved LVEF in females following MI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50558,"journal":{"name":"Echocardiography-A Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Allied Techniques","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/echo.70164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}