{"title":"A black-start strategy for active distribution networks considering source-load bilateral uncertainty and multi-type resources✰","authors":"Fuxing Yao, Shihong Miao, Tingtao Wang, Jiaxu Wang, Baisheng Wang, Haoyu Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of multi-type resources provides new ideas for the black-start of active distribution networks (ADNs). However, the inability to deal with uncertainty will lead to problems such as frequency/voltage crossing limits, scheduling difficulties, and even restoration failures. To this end, an ADN black-start strategy considering source-load bilateral uncertainty and multi-type resources is proposed. The forecast error uncertainties of renewable energy sources (RESs) and loads are characterized in intervals based on Copula theory, which are then introduced into the black-start model of ADNs and solved by the column-and-constraint generation algorithm. Case studies based on the improved IEEE 33-node system indicate that the proposed strategy can effectively cope with source-load bilateral uncertainty and realize robust restoration of ADNs. The system also achieves a 99.97 % RESs consumption ratio and a 67.36 % power utilization ratio of energy storage devices. Compared with existing methods, our strategy can give a more economical and faster restoration scheme while considering safety, which can be deployed in dispatch centers to help operators make full use of existing resources to achieve black-start safely and stably after outages. However, the computational time will increase if it is migrated to grids with large topologies, which needs to be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeon-Sub Sim , Chun-Kwon Lee , Jae-Sang Hwang , Gu-Young Kwon , Seung Jin Chang
{"title":"AI-based remaining useful life prediction for transmission systems: Integrating operating conditions with TimeGAN and CNN-LSTM networks","authors":"Yeon-Sub Sim , Chun-Kwon Lee , Jae-Sang Hwang , Gu-Young Kwon , Seung Jin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is key for ensuring the stability of transmission power systems. However, there is no sufficient actual life-cycle, and no mature physics-of-failure model of the power transmission facilities, which make it difficult to predict RUL. In this paper, we propose an AI-based transmission line RUL prediction method which incorporates the measured operating conditions of each line. The proposed method sets the basic linear asset unit as one cable segment and joint boxes on both sides. A feature extraction and piecewise-based RUL model was designed using asset data from 1,458 actual transmission lines accumulated by measuring unit over a period of 44 years. Consequently, the RULs which depend on load operating conditions of target assets can be successfully predicted using CNN-LSTM. In addition, a data augmentation algorithm based on time-series generative adversarial networks was developed to address the issue of imbalanced failure data and further improve the accuracy of RUL prediction. The performance of the proposed RUL estimation method is further verified using real-world data. The proposed method shows an improvement in fault-healthy classification accuracy by 35.72%, 21.43%, and 7.14% compared to existing feature extraction methods, including deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and autoencoder (AE), respectively. Additionally, when compared to representative deep learning models for RUL estimation, it achieves the best performance with RMSE and Score of 0.074 and 0.066, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method is capable of accurately estimating RUL even for equipment in the early failure period, where the actual operating time is short.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Liu, Ben Niu, Zhijian Liu, Ming Li, Zhiyu Shi
{"title":"Transformer fault diagnosis method based on the three-stage lightweight residual neural network","authors":"Hang Liu, Ben Niu, Zhijian Liu, Ming Li, Zhiyu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fault diagnosis method for dissolved gas in transformer oil based on deep learning has the problems of complex structure, over-parameterization, and high resolution in practical application. This paper presents a three-stage lightweight residual neural network method for transformer fault diagnosis. In the first stage, based on the 50-layer residual networks, the residual block is enhanced using the inverted bottleneck idea, and the Swish activation function and a simple, parameter-free attention module are incorporated to optimize the model structure and performance. In the second stage, an adaptive channel pruning method is proposed, selectively eliminating redundant filters and channels based on the fault data complexity during the training process, thereby realizing network lightweight. In the third stage, a quantization-aware method is introduced, which converts all 32-bit floating point parameters in the network to 8-bit integers, reduces the bit width of each parameter, and accomplishes a reduction in parameter size. The experimental results for the transformer oil dissolved gas fault dataset indicate that the three-stage lightweight model, sizing at 2.20 MB—only 1.51 % of the original—achieves a fault diagnosis accuracy of 97.64 %, 1.49 % higher than the original, achieving a well-balanced between accuracy and complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoyun Sheng, Guangsen Wang, Guoyong Chen, Zhiwei Wang, Qing Liu
{"title":"A novel discrete-time state-space model for real-time simulation of power system based on characteristics of capacitor and inductor","authors":"Haoyun Sheng, Guangsen Wang, Guoyong Chen, Zhiwei Wang, Qing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of the power system, the dynamic characteristics of power systems become more and more complex because of the growing scales. As a critical tool in power system researches, the real-time simulation suffers from issues of slow speed and low accuracy. This paper proposes a novel discrete-time state-space model based on characteristics of capacitor and inductor, which aims to improve the speed and accuracy of real-time simulation in power systems. In the proposed method, the characteristic equations of capacitor and inductor are firstly discretized by numerical integration methods. Subsequently, mathematical methods and formulas are employed to derive the new discrete-time state-space model. Compared with the traditional discrete-time state-space model, the proposed method effectively reduces computational cost when applying the same implicit numerical integration method of third-order or higher. Additionally, the accuracy and speed of real-time simulation can be synthetically improved by employing higher order numerical integration methods for the selected state variables. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are validated through three real-time simulations of an RLC circuit system, a grid-connected inverter system, and a boost-inverter system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symmetrical operation of modular multilevel converter during sub-module faults","authors":"Shilpi Kedia, Rohit S. Thute, Himanshu J. Bahirat","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategies for handling sub-module (SM) faults in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are essential for improving the reliability of HVDC grids. The SM faults are generally mitigated through the by-passing of faulty SMs. However, this results in an unbalance in three-phase voltages and currents, which is not desirable for the efficient operation of the MMC. Therefore, fault-tolerant strategies are required to compensate for the impact of the loss of SM. In this work, the unbalance introduced due to the by-passing of SMs has been studied by detailed simulation using the switched model of MMC. Further, a strategy to detect a by-passed SM based on arm-current analysis is presented. This paper also proposes an algorithm for restoring voltage balance during SM faults. In this algorithm, the number of healthy SMs in each arm is maintained equal, and the corresponding insertion indices are determined for symmetrical operation. The proposed algorithm is validated by simulating a simple circuit example of an MMC with fifty SM per arm using MATLAB/Simulink.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An optimized decentralized peer-to-peer energy trading system for smart grids incorporating uncertain renewable energy sources through fuzzy optimization","authors":"Nesar Uddin , Yingjun Wu , Md Saiful Islam , Khan Md Zakaria","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant issue in today's world is that the power system is undergoing on account of unafforded power generation and distribution. Consequently, improper utilization of renewable energy, as well as its pricing mechanism of electrical energy, is also a vital issue in transmission and distribution systems (TDS). In addition, in the context of upcoming power systems, ensuring energy stability and effective energy management have become paramount. This paper introduces a novel approach to address these challenges by proposing an optimal demand response grid-connected decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading system. This system efficiently manages energy transactions among prosumers, the grid, and renewable energy sources (RES) under uncertain conditions. Fuzzy optimization (FO) is employed to facilitate interconnections between these entities. A fuzzy logic controller with intelligent rules governs the overall strategy and pricing mechanism based on prosumer power deviation (PPD). Inspired by human thinking, these rules prioritize P2P transactions, with surplus energy exported to the main grid (MG) and energy imported from the MG when necessary. Pricing adjusts dynamically with load demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy rules across various conditions, ensuring proper system operation. The proposed model also proves that the P2P energy trading system has reduced power consumption by balancing the generated power and the load demand. The proposed system is environmentally friendly, emitting no harmful gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Li , Dawei Zhang , Mengfei lei , Pan Xiao , Tian Wu , Chunhua Fang , Ziheng Pu
{"title":"Segmental insulation design method for UHV DC overhead ground wires under ice-melting with normal working condition","authors":"Peng Li , Dawei Zhang , Mengfei lei , Pan Xiao , Tian Wu , Chunhua Fang , Ziheng Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Icing disasters on overhead ground wires of ultra-high voltage direct current (UHV DC) transmission lines, influenced by micro-meteorological conditions in frozen snow weather, have occasionally resulted in accidents like ground wire disconnection and tower collapse. To improving the ice-melting efficiency of the overhead ground wires with normal working conditions, a new segmentation method for ground wires under ice-melting condition by adopting the electromagnetic transient joint simulation was proposed. Based on environmental conditions, the voltage and capacity required for ice-melting were automatically calculated by adjusting the pulse trigger angle of the ice-melting device, and then the number of ground wire ice-melting segments was determined, thus leading to the proposal of a ground wire segmentation ice melting scheme. Simultaneously, the impact of ice thickness and wind speed on the ice melting voltage was analyzed, and the effectiveness of the segmentation method was verified by the actual ±800 kV transmission line. The results show that the proposed method can automatically determine the ice-melting voltage based on environmental conditions, significantly improving accuracy over traditional empirical formula method. Ice thickness greatly affects the ice-melting voltage. By considering actual environmental conditions, ground wire icing conditions, and parameters of the ice-melting device, rapid design of segmented insulation for overhead ground wires can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhixiang Sun , Zhigang Li , Yixuan Li , Xiang Bai , Jiahui Zhang , J.H. Zheng , Bin Deng
{"title":"Peer-to-peer energy trading with decentralized bidirectional matching of multipreference community prosumers","authors":"Zhixiang Sun , Zhigang Li , Yixuan Li , Xiang Bai , Jiahui Zhang , J.H. Zheng , Bin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading of community prosumers is effective at coordinating grid-connected distributed energy resources. The existing methods fail to address the multiple preferences of prosumers in energy trading, and the information privacy and autonomy of prosumers are not respected. These issues hinder the effective and applicable P2P energy trading of community prosumers. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a decentralized bidirectional matching method (DBMM) based on multiattribute decision making (MADM) to match the P2P energy trades between sellers and buyers. This method enables the bidirectional evaluation, selection, and matching of buyers/sellers, allowing prosumers to make decisions on energy trading autonomously without disclosing private information. The numerical analysis indicates that compared with prevalent trading methods, the proposed DBMM is more cost-effective and generalized for handling multiple preferences while preserving information privacy and autonomy. In the four-preference case, the total revenue of the proposed DBMM is 32.30 % greater than that of the other compared methods. Furthermore, the computational efficiency and scalability of this method are also validated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesus E. Guevara Asorza , Jaimis S.L. Colqui , José Pissolato Filho , Filipe Faria da Silva , Claus Leth Bak
{"title":"Analysis of induced voltage on the sheath in multi-circuit systems within renewable energy parks","authors":"Jesus E. Guevara Asorza , Jaimis S.L. Colqui , José Pissolato Filho , Filipe Faria da Silva , Claus Leth Bak","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy parks rely on underground cables arranged in trefoil formations to connect to the substation. However, challenges arise due to high soil thermal resistivity, which can limit cable capacity. Increasing the number of circuits in a trench exacerbates this issue, leading to the cables transmitting the rating current at a temperature higher than the manufacturer’s recommended, and in this way, the cable lifespan is reduced. In order to address these challenges, the cross-bonding method can be applied to mitigate joule losses by balancing the induced voltage on the cable sheath. While traditionally used in high-voltage systems, cross-bonding has found widespread application in medium-voltage environments, including wind and solar parks. This paper investigates the impact of increasing the number of circuits within a trench on induced voltage variations across the cable sheaths. This analysis employs up to seven circuits in a trefoil configuration within the trench. Additionally, precise formulations are used to calculate the earth-return impedance of cables. The results reveal that while augmenting the number of circuits improves the induced voltage performance, it adversely affects ampacity. These findings provide valuable insights for improving electrical design practices in wind parks and similar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lightning strike characteristics of wind turbines in Japan","authors":"Shihoka Yamauchi, Shoma Takatsu, Kazuo Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, as global warming advances, countermeasures for reducing gases of various greenhouse are needed. One of the countermeasures is a power generation using renewable energy that does not emit greenhouse gases. In particular, wind power generation is attracting attention due to its low cost compared to power generation using other renewable energies. However, as wind turbines become larger and the number of wind turbine increases, the probability of lightning strikes increases, it is important to establish more reliable lightning damage countermeasures. In response to this situation, the \"Interpretation of Technical Standards for wind turbines\" was revised in 2015 in Japan, installation of lightning detection systems to accurately detect lightning strikes and automatically shut down the wind turbine have been obligated in wind turbines in winter lightning regions in coastal regions in Japan. In addition, the performance of lightning detection systems has been improved by the results of recent research, and the systems with high detection accuracy are widely used in the market. In this study, we report the results of investigating the characteristics of lightning strikes using lightning data on approximately 450 wind turbines along the coast of Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}