{"title":"Energy management system for a workplace PV-EV charging station with active and reactive power dispatch of EVs considering transformer aging and uncertainties","authors":"Rayaprolu.M. Raghuveer, Bhavesh Bhalja, Pramod Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new energy management system (EMS) for a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) – electric vehicle (EV) integrated workplace charging station. The proposed EMS is developed as a convex stochastic mixed-integer quadratically constrained problem (MIQCP) to minimize the expected apparent power demand while limiting the distribution transformer's accelerated aging and satisfying the EV driving needs. This is accomplished by scheduling real and reactive powers of EVs in real-time through Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. The inherent diurnal uncertainties and seasonal variations associated with the workplace non-EV load, PV generation are incorporated using probabilistic and hierarchical clustering techniques, respectively. The implementation of the developed EMS under receding horizon model enables real-time operation by adapting to dynamic arrivals of EVs. The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is validated through numerous simulations from the view point of the distribution system operator (DSO), charging station owner (CSO), and EV prosumer. The results indicate a substantial reduction in the peak demand, minimized transformer's loss-of-life (LoL), and operating cost saving while satisfying the EV driving needs in comparison to uncoordinated charging method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault classification in distribution system utilizing imaging time-series, convolutional neural network and adaptive relay protection","authors":"Baraa Khabaz , Maarouf Saad , Hasan Mehrjerdi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a fault classification model in the transmission lines and classify faults while keeping the coordination between the primary and the backup relays by adaptively changing the relay’s parameters accordingly. The problem to be addressed through this paper is the need for a protection system that can dynamically adjust the relay’s settings and operation to enhance their response to the fault. This model is based on convolutional neural network (CNN), by implementing Gramian Angular Field (GAF) to transform voltage and current signals into images for extracting temporal features. The coordination between primary and backup relays is optimized to minimize primary relay operating time. The proposed model was evaluated using a 9-bus test system to determine optimal relay coordination based on fault’s type. The proposed fault classifier’s achieves 100% accuracy in classifying the faults while achieving the optimal solution in 0.047 s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binghui Li , Huaiyuan Wang , Jian Li , Guoqiang Lu
{"title":"Integrating model-driven and data-driven methods for under-frequency load shedding control","authors":"Binghui Li , Huaiyuan Wang , Jian Li , Guoqiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the access of a high percentage of new energy sources, power system frequency stability is challenged. Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is one of the primary measures to maintain frequency stability. Due to the mismatch between the amount of load shed by the traditional UFLS methods and the actual active power deficit, a new UFLS method needs to be designed. An approach utilizing a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm for the problem is proposed. First, the DDPG algorithm is modified to adapt to the UFLS problem. Then, the idea of model-driven is introduced to improve the validity of the model. Thus, a novel UFLS method is proposed, which integrates data-driven and model-driven ideas. Furthermore, a structure called the dual experience pool is designed to accelerate training speed and improve stability. Based on the proposed method, a UFLS control framework is designed. Finally, the suggested methodology is validated using the IEEE-39 bus system and the Fujian power grid as test cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A privacy protection scheme to resist ring selection attack in peer-to-peer double auction V2V electricity transaction for charging stations","authors":"Shaomin Zhang , Xu Wang , Baoyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of Electric Vehicles (EVs), the number of public charging piles cannot meet the immediate charging needs of EV users sometimes. The charging stations provide flexible electricity transaction schemes for users by managing charging piles and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V). Users can freely choose transaction partners and submit transaction plans to multiple charging stations. The mobility of EVs results in users randomly selecting rings multiple times, which may cause them to appear in different rings. Attackers can link multiple transaction plans and infer user privacy information. The leakage of transaction information may threaten the fairness of transactions. Aiming at the above situations, a privacy protection scheme to resist ring selection attack in Peer-to-Peer double auction V2V electricity transaction for charging stations is proposed. Firstly, the ring signcryption algorithm is improved to resist ring selection attack. Secondly, a real identity verification algorithm is designed to track malicious users. Theoretical analysis proves that the security of the proposed privacy protection scheme. The elliptic curve point multiplication is used in the scheme to improve computational efficiency. Experiments show that this scheme has low computational and communication costs. Verification cost increases slowly with the increase of the number of ring members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-driven adaptive Lyapunov function based graphical deep convolutional neural network for smart grid congestion management","authors":"J Christy , Pandia Rajan Jeyaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal power flow by leveraging network grid topology will ensure stable operation of the smart grid. Energy management in grid-connected systems aimed to reduce computational non-linearities and ensure reliable operation of the smart grid. The conventional method manages congestion with optimal scheduling for every 10–15 min. Hence congestion in the smart grid occurs during secured energy distribution. In smart grid, instant congestion and energy management are needed. This research, work is devoted to a novel data-driven adaptive Lyapunov function with a Graphical Deep Convolutional Neural Network (GDCNN) regulated optimal flow by accurate energy management. By employing novel Graph theory-based network, the congestion data are obtained to train the proposed GDCNN. A Comparison of obtained results with existing baseline methods has been carried for claiming the novelties of proposed GDCNN. It is observed, that compared to existing machine learning-based extended subspace identification techniques. Our method has better optimal power regulation within 1.8 s by controlling power sources. Also, numerical simulation on IEEE 68 bus system shows the proposed GDCNN have superior performance, reliability, and optimal energy management. This by integrating the benefits of adaptive Lyapunov function and graphical convolutional network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-energy trading strategies for integrated energy systems based on low-carbon and green certificate","authors":"Jin Gao , Zhenguo Shao , Feixiong Chen , Mohammadreza Lak","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, integrated energy systems (IESs) have become an influential approach in the backdrop of energy interconnection and low-carbon energy concepts. This paper proposes a multi-energy trading strategy for IESs that simultaneously considers carbon emissions transaction (CET) and tradable green certificate (TGC) to promote low-carbon energy development further. Firstly, a multi-stage robust optimization method addresses uncertainties in renewable energy, loads, and electricity prices to ensure stable operation of the IES. Secondly, a trading mechanism is proposed by integrating CET with TGC to establish a coupled electricity-heat-carbon-green certificate market. Accordingly, a cooperative game framework among multiple IESs is modeled, which considers different contribution allocations while promoting the economic and low-carbon operation of IES. Finally, the model is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. The proposed strategy’s effectiveness in improving the low-carbon economic operation of IESs has been proved through simulation studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel frequency constrained unit commitment considering VSC-HVDC's frequency support in asynchronous interconnected system under renewable energy Source's uncertainty","authors":"Danyang Xu, Zhigang Wu, Lin Zhu, Lin Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing share of renewable energy source (RES) poses a challenge to the frequency security of the power system. Frequency constrained unit commitment (FCUC) serves as an effective measure to address this challenge at the operational level. This paper introduces a novel FCUC model applicable to the asynchronous interconnected system connected by voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC<img>HVDC), fully taking into account the frequency support capability of VSC<img>HVDC in order to reduce the demand for synchronous generators' inertia and reserve while ensuring frequency security, thereby lowering operating costs. Additionally, the uncertainty of RES is also considered. The constraint expressions for three frequency indicators are derived based on a system frequency response model that includes frequency support from VSC<img>HVDC. The proposed model optimizes unit commitment, generation and reserve dispatch and VSC<img>HVDC transmission power and frequency response parameters, while addressing RES uncertainty using the distributionally robust chance constrained approach. In response to the highly nonlinear characteristics of the maximum frequency derivation (MFD) constraints, we propose an intelligent sampling-based support vector machine to convexify the MFD constraints and introduce a two-stage decomposition algorithm for solving the model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated based on a modified IEEE RTS-79 system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatio-temporal graph attention network-based detection of FDIA from smart meter data at geographically hierarchical levels","authors":"Md Abul Hasnat , Harsh Anand , Mazdak Tootkaboni , Negin Alemazkoor","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The power consumption data from residential households collected by smart meters exhibit a diverse pattern temporally and among themselves. It is challenging to distinguish between regular consumer behavior and injected falsified measurements into the data stream with the intent of energy theft or compromising the security of the associated measurement infrastructure. This work identifies the challenges of detecting falsified measurements in smart meter data aggregated at geographically hierarchical levels and proposes a novel graph attention network (GAT)-based unsupervised learning framework to detect false data injection attacks (FDIA) from the moving statistics of the power consumption data in real-time, namely MOVSTAT-GAT. The proposed technique is capable of detecting falsified measurements at both 9-digit and 5-digit ZIP code labels in an unsupervised manner, solely from smart meter power consumption data with no additional meters. Moreover, the proposed technique offers a visualization technique to assist the operator in identifying the localization characteristics of the attack and proposes an automated localization strategy for localized FDIAs. Experiments suggest the effectiveness of the proposed framework, especially for localized FDIA or external anomalies, such as power outages and denial-of-service (DoS). Additionally, a detailed discussion regarding the implementation of MOVSTAT-GAT in the industrial environment has been provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A voltage sensorless technique for a shunt active power filter adopting band pass filter under abnormal supply conditions","authors":"Ahmed M.M. Nour , Ahmed A. Helal","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shunt active power filters (SAPFs) are effective in addressing power quality issues such as harmonics and voltage unbalance. During abnormal grid conditions, there will be a substantial variation in both the actual and reactive power of the system. Various SAPF control approaches were employed to address these issues. This paper presents an improved bandpass filter technique that serves multiple purposes: extracting the reference current harmonic for SAPF, providing reactive current for power factor correction, and functioning as a backup synchronization method in the event of a loss of bus voltage measurement. Furthermore, it should be minimally affected by the unbalance in supply voltage. The case study model and the proposed reference technique have been executed and validated using the MATLAB software environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of interfacial injected energy between simulated lightning return stroke experiment and common Joule heat & Arc heat model application","authors":"Yutong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A previous study has shown that the thermal damage of the Joule thermal arc heat transfer model is lighter than that of a natural lightning strike. Therefore, this paper focuses on the return stroke current and proposes an improved experimental method of simulated return damage without using arc-inducing wire. Combining the data with the inversion model of injected energy, the energy transfer characteristics of the samples are characterized. Furthermore, a data dimensionality reduction method based on multiple correlation coefficients is used to discuss the impact of the current peak/rise rate/wave tail time on the injected energy discrepancy. The results indicate a positive correlation between the current peak and current rise rate with the injected energy discrepancy. When the tail time exceeds 15 microseconds, the injected energy discrepancy decreases as the tail time increases. The thermal source characteristics of energy transfer during the return stroke process are determined. During the initial phase of the return stroke current, interfacial energy transfer includes contributions from ion enthalpy flux, Joule heating, and electronic enthalpy flux. When the tail time exceeds 15 microseconds, the contribution of ion enthalpy flux to the injected energy diminishes with increasing tail time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50547,"journal":{"name":"Electric Power Systems Research","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 111034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}