Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing最新文献

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"حراسة الوازع الديني في ضوء مقاصد التشريع الإسلامي" "根据伊斯兰立法的宗旨保护宗教良知"
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp649
أحمد فوزي يوسف حساسنة
{"title":"\"حراسة الوازع الديني في ضوء مقاصد التشريع الإسلامي\"","authors":"أحمد فوزي يوسف حساسنة","doi":"10.36571/ajsp649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp649","url":null,"abstract":"يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان أهمية تحقيق الوازع الديني في نفوس المكلفين، وإلى بيان أن الشريعة الإسلامية راعت في مقاصدها حراسة وتحقيق الوازع الديني لديهم، حيث إن الله تعالى أرسل الرسل وأنزل الكتب وشرع الشرائع؛ لهداية الناس وإخراجهم من الظلمات إلى النور. ويبين البحث أن ضعف الوازع الديني يعود أثُره على الفرد ذاته، وعلى المجتمع، وعلى الدولة بأكملها في الدينا، بالإضافة إلى تبعات ذلك على الفرد يوم القيامة؛ لأجل ذلك حرصت الشريعة الإسلامية على تقوية الوازع الديني لدى المكلفين؛ لينعموا بخيري الدنيا والآخرة، وليعيشوا بأمن في ظل نفوذ التشريع وسيادة أحكامه. وتم في هذا البحث اتباع المنهج الوصفي مع الاستفادة من المنهجين الاستنباطي والاستقرائي، وقد تكون البحث من مقدمة وأربعة مباحث وخاتمة، وقد تناول المبحث الأول: مفهوم الوازع الديني، وتناول المبحث الثاني: أدلة اعتبار الوازع الديني، بينما تناول المبحث الثالث: ضعف الوازع الديني وأثر ذلك، والمبحث الرابع: القواعد المقاصدية ذات الصلة برعاية الوازع الديني.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BOLTON’S ANALYSIS OF FILIPINOS WITH DIFFERENT MALOCCLUSION GROUPS BOLTON 对不同错颌畸形菲律宾人的分析
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp644
Maen Dawodi, Ahmad Khasara, Lim Dennis
{"title":"BOLTON’S ANALYSIS OF FILIPINOS WITH DIFFERENT MALOCCLUSION GROUPS","authors":"Maen Dawodi, Ahmad Khasara, Lim Dennis","doi":"10.36571/ajsp644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp644","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The orthodontic ‘‘finishing’’ phase is recognized for the multitude of details necessary to achieve an excellent result. In some cases, the finishing phase is very difficult, requiring the production of complicated biomechanical forces to reach a satisfactory orthodontic solution. A high percentage of these finishing-phase difficulties arise because of tooth size imbalances that could have been detected and considered during initial diagnosis and treatment planning. Many difficulties encountered during the finishing phase of orthodontic treatment arise due to lack of intermaxillary tooth-size matching. Bolton ratio is one of the most useful calculations for precise orthodontic diagnosis as it shows if there is a correct ratio between dental proportions.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report in Azal hospital, Sana'a, Yemen 中毒性表皮坏死症:也门萨那阿扎勒医院的病例报告
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp6424
Adnan Al-Adhal, Abdulhakeem Al-Absi, Noha Zewar, Amr Al-Adhal, Abdalla Al-Adhal
{"title":"Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report in Azal hospital, Sana'a, Yemen","authors":"Adnan Al-Adhal, Abdulhakeem Al-Absi, Noha Zewar, Amr Al-Adhal, Abdalla Al-Adhal","doi":"10.36571/ajsp6424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp6424","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) is a life-threatening connective tissue disorder also known as Lyell's syndrome, characterized by erythema, and epidermal detachment, manifests as blisters, and raw skin patches. Adverse drug reactions are the most common risk factors. TEN is identical with Steven-Johnson's syndrome (SJS), differs from the latter in that greater area of the skin is involved. In this article, we report a case of a 20 years old male patient who presented with complaints of lethargy, red eyes and blisters after prescription of carbamazepine. Following this, the drug was taken off immediately. The treatment included the administration of fluids and appropriate antibiotics for treating the fluid-filled vesicles. The treatment regimen continued for three weeks and was stopped when the skin lesions were minimal and there was an improvement in the overall health of the patient.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"العلاقة التاريخية بين إدارة المتاحف وإدارة المعرفة" "博物馆管理与知识管理之间的历史关系
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp6410
عثمان بن ناصر
{"title":"\"العلاقة التاريخية بين إدارة المتاحف وإدارة المعرفة\"","authors":"عثمان بن ناصر","doi":"10.36571/ajsp6410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp6410","url":null,"abstract":"هدفت الدراسة إلى الوقوف على العلاقة بين إدارة المتاحف وإدارة المعرفة عبر سبر أغوار تلك العلاقة تاريخيًا من لدن ظهور المتاحف قبل 600 عام، وحاول الباحث باختصار إبراز هذه العلاقة وتطورها عبر التاريخ إلى ما وصلت إليه الآن، وانتهج المنهج التاريخي في سرد المعلومات وتوثيقها، وذكر الدراسات والأبحاث والمقالات التي نُشرت حولها. واستنتجت الدراسة وجود تلك العلاقة من اللحظة الأولى لاكتشاف المتاحف وارتباطها بالمعرفة بشكل عام. إلى ارتباطهما حاليًا بصور غير مباشرة مثل وجود نظم لإدارة المتاحف معتمدة على جزء بسيط من إدارة المعرفة كإدارة المجموعات وغيرها. وأوصى الباحث بلزوم زيادة هذه العلاقة وتوطيدها لإنماء المعارف ونشرها وتبادلها ومشاركتها بصورة أوسع وعلى نطاق عالمي عبر وضع نظام إدارة معرفي متحفي يعتمد على إدارة المعرفة بشكل كامل وفعال.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF SKELETAL ORTHODONTIC PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS AGES TO14 AND THEIR PARENTS IN RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: BASIS FOR PROPOSED ENHANCEMENTS IN ORAL HEALTH SCHOOL PROGRAMS 沙特阿拉伯王国利雅得 14 岁以下学生及其家长对骨骼矫正问题的认识和知识:建议加强口腔健康学校项目的依据
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp642
Ahmad Khasara
{"title":"AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF SKELETAL ORTHODONTIC PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS AGES TO14 AND THEIR PARENTS IN RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: BASIS FOR PROPOSED ENHANCEMENTS IN ORAL HEALTH SCHOOL PROGRAMS","authors":"Ahmad Khasara","doi":"10.36571/ajsp642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp642","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the level of awareness and knowledge of malocclusion and skeletal orthodontic problems among students ages 7 to 14 and their parents in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study used quantitative, descriptive, comparative, and correlational methods of research. A researcher-made questionnaire was administered to 381 students and 381 parents selected through purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the students were mostly male (93.44%), 13-15 years old (38.32%), in grade level 1 to 3 middle school (38.32%). Their parents were mostly male (65.35%); 35-44 years old (55.12%); majority were in the medium socio-economic status (85.04%); and majority were college graduates (62.74%). The students’ level of awareness in terms of malocclusion was “Moderate Level.” The students’ level of awareness in terms of skeletal problem was “Low Level.” The parents’ level of awareness in terms of malocclusion was “Moderate Level.” The parents’ level of awareness in terms of skeletal problem “Low Level.” The students’ level of knowledge as assessed by themselves in terms of malocclusion “Low Level.” The students’ level of knowledge in terms of skeletal problem was “Low Level.” The parents’ level of knowledge in terms of malocclusion was “Moderate Level.” The parents’ level of knowledge in terms of skeletal problem was “Low Level.” There was a significant relationship between the age and grade level of students’ and their assessment of knowledge in malocclusion and skeletal problem","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"تصميم مقرر دراسي بتقنية التصوير التجسيمي (الهلوجرام) وأثره على إتجاهات الطالبات نحو الدور الإجتماعي للأسرة" "设计全息课程及其对学生对家庭社会角色态度的影响"
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp648
صالحة حاي يحيى السفياني
{"title":"\"تصميم مقرر دراسي بتقنية التصوير التجسيمي (الهلوجرام) وأثره على إتجاهات الطالبات نحو الدور الإجتماعي للأسرة\"","authors":"صالحة حاي يحيى السفياني","doi":"10.36571/ajsp648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp648","url":null,"abstract":"هدف البحث إلى تنمية اتجاهات الطالبات نحو الدور الاجتماعي للأسرة وذلك في مجالات الضبط الأسري والتوجيه والمتابعة من خلال تصميم مقرر دراسي بتقنية ( الهلوجرام ) وتطبيقه على الطالبات ، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من ( ١٤٩ طالبة ) بمقرر التنشئة الاجتماعية ودور الأسرة -بكلية التربية -جامعة الطائف قُسمت إلى مجموعتين تجريبية (٧٢) وضابطة ( ٧٧) ، وتم تطبيق التصميم التجريبي وعمل القياس القبلي والبعدي وتوصل البحث إلى ما يلي : لم تظهر فروق دالة إحصائياً على تغير أو تحسين اتجاهات الطالبات نحو وظائف الضبط والتوجيه والمتابعة في الدور الاجتماعي للأسرة وهذا يدل على أن استخدام التقنيات الحديثة مثل الهلوجرام قد لا يكون له التأثير المتوقع دائماً في جوانب التعليم الاجتماعي والثقافي ، وبالنسبة للمتغيرات الأولية ظهرت فروق بين المجموعتين تعود إلى المستوى الثقافي في وظيفة التوجيه لصالح المجموعة التجريبية بينما لم تسجل فروق مهمة بين المجموعتين تعود إلى المستوى الاقتصادي والاجتماعي مما يدل على أهمية الوعي الثقافي للأسر في اتجاهات أبنائها نحوها .","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DIFFERENCE IN FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE BETWEEN LIGATURE WIRE AND ELASTIC MODULE” (AN IN VITRO STUDY) 结扎线与弹性模块之间摩擦阻力的差异"(体外研究)
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp643
Ahmad Khasara, Maen Dawodi, Arlyn Leslie Donesa
{"title":"DIFFERENCE IN FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE BETWEEN LIGATURE WIRE AND ELASTIC MODULE” (AN IN VITRO STUDY)","authors":"Ahmad Khasara, Maen Dawodi, Arlyn Leslie Donesa","doi":"10.36571/ajsp643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp643","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the frictional resistance forces generated by slid low friction elastomeric ligatures and stainless steel ligatures wire during leveling and alignment phase. Methods: The testing metal plates consisted of three stainless steel 0.022-in slot size preadjusted brackets of lateral incisor, canine and first premolar. First comparison were the bracket position vertically adhered to the plates. The second one were the canine bracket was adhered as a high canine in 2 mm. The forces generated by wires (0.014-in superelastic nickel-titanium) with the 2 types of ligatures at different bracket position were recorded. Results and Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the frictional force between group A and group B with a p-value of 0.047 which is less than 0.05 level of significance, while there was no statistically significant difference in the frictional force between group C and group D with a p-value of 0.56 which is greater than 0.05 level of significance.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"73 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of a Weather Ground Station based on Software Defined Radio 基于软件无线电的气象地面站设计
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp645
Haikel Hrichi, Nabiha Ben Abid, Muneer Saeed
{"title":"Design of a Weather Ground Station based on Software Defined Radio","authors":"Haikel Hrichi, Nabiha Ben Abid, Muneer Saeed","doi":"10.36571/ajsp645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp645","url":null,"abstract":"There is a widespread misconception that for building a ground station to receive satellite images, firstly an authorized license is required and secondly, huge parabolic dishes with specialized RF receivers are necessary and much more costly devices. This is however, not the case. While the space industry keeps growing, the need for low cost solutions increases. This applies also to the ground station systems. In this paper, we describe how to build a lowest cost reception ground station for meteorological satellites and how to use some necessary software to track, receive and decode the images sent every day. National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) has a group of satellites that provide weather data continuously. The data also helps humanity in disaster management since the satellite launch. The NOAA weather satellites, broadcast an Automatic Picture Transmission APT signal, containing a weather picture of any zone in the world. These signals show up at around ~137 MHz, and just when a satellite is passing overhead. Each satellite has a different frequency.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"دافعية الإنجاز وعلاقتها بالضغوط المهنية المدركة لدى عينة من الممرضين والممرضات بمستشفى الملك فيصل بمكة المكرمة في ضوء بعض المتغيرات" "麦加费萨尔国王医院抽样护士的成就动机及其与感知到的职业压力之间的关系(参照一些变量)"
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp646
ياسر خلف الذبياني
{"title":"\"دافعية الإنجاز وعلاقتها بالضغوط المهنية المدركة لدى عينة من الممرضين والممرضات بمستشفى الملك فيصل بمكة المكرمة في ضوء بعض المتغيرات\"","authors":"ياسر خلف الذبياني","doi":"10.36571/ajsp646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp646","url":null,"abstract":"هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة العلاقة بين دافعية الإنجاز والضغوط المهنية المدركة لدى عينة من الممرضين والممرضات بمستشفى الملك فيصل بمكة المكرمة، في ضوء بعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية: سنوات الخبرة والحالة الاجتماعية والجنس، والمستوى التعليمي، ولتحقيق ذلك استُخدم المنهج الوصفي، واستخدم مقياس دافعية الإنجاز للعاملين في مهنة التمريض (إعداد: الباحث) واستخدم مقياس الضغوط المهنية للعاملين في مهنة التمريض (إعداد: الباحث) وبلغ حجم عينة الدراسة الأساسية عدد (150) ممرضاً وممرضة بمستشفى الملك فيصل بمكة المكرمة، تم اختيارها بطريقة عشوائية طبقية من مجتمع الدراسة والذي تمثل نسبة 50% من مجتمع البحث. وقد استُخدمت الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) من أجل تحليل البيانات، وعولجت إحصائيًّا باستخدام تحليل التباين ومعامل الارتباط واختبارت.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Attempt to Characterize the Frequent Teaching Procedures for Effective Language Teaching 尝试描述有效语文教学的常用教学程序
Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.36571/ajsp631
Dr Bakil Ali Alwalss, Dr Mohammed Ahmad Ameen Al-shamiri
{"title":"An Attempt to Characterize the Frequent Teaching Procedures for Effective Language Teaching","authors":"Dr Bakil Ali Alwalss, Dr Mohammed Ahmad Ameen Al-shamiri","doi":"10.36571/ajsp631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36571/ajsp631","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to classify the most frequent teaching procedures in English classes. A short inventory of teaching procedures for each language skill, including grammar and vocabulary, was created in the form of a questionnaire that was circulated among nearly 200 experienced language teachers at Jazan University, KSA. They were requested to rate the frequency of using those techniques in class. The response rate was low, but it was enough to indicate the overall frequencies. Sixty-two teachers completed the survey. The objective was to find out if there were common practices among English language teachers, that might mark effective language classes. Analysis showed that there were no prevailing teaching styles. However, certain procedures seemed to be more frequent than others, particularly those techniques that teachers believed to be more effective, most probably out of their experience in the teaching profession. A recommendation list for better English classes is summed up in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":505380,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing","volume":"131 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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