Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Study Of Stomatal Characteristics of The Nine Pandanus Species From Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia","authors":"Helmin Parida Zebua, N. Pasaribu, E. Siregar","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.31081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.31081","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe identification of Pandanus species generally relies on morphological characteristics and requires confirmation from other identification features, such as stomata. A comparative study of stomatal characteristics among nine Pandan species originally from Nias Island, namely Pandanus atrocarpus, P. auranticus, P. labyrinthicus, P. militaris, P. odoratissimus, P. penangensis, P. tectorius, and P. utilis has been investigated. Anomocytic stomata without papillae on subsidiary cells were observed on both leaf surfaces, with significant interspecific differences in adaxial and abaxial stomatal frequencies. Pandanus tectorius exhibited the highest adaxial (30.71 ± 0.81) and abaxial (1.87 ± 0.12) stomatal frequencies. Pandanus labyrinthicus showed the highest stomatal index (adaxial 16.61 ± 2.51, abaxial 0.87 ± 0.11), while P. penangensis had the largest stomatal size (137.54 ± 6.66 µm). Overall, the stomatal parameters, including frequency, index, and size, were higher on the adaxial surface than the abaxial surface, emphasizing interspecific variations. These findings contribute valuable supportive data for the botanical systematics of Pandanus spp. in the region, enhancing our understanding of morphological characteristics crucial for species identification.AbstrakIdentifikasi jenis dari Pandanus cenderung menggunakan ciri morfologi dan memerlukan konfirmasi dari karakter lainnya, salah satunya stomata. Studi perbandingan stomata di antara sembilan spesies Pandan di Pulau Nias, Sumatera Utara telah dilakukan, yaitu Pandanus atrocarpus, P. auranticus, P. labirinthicus, P. militaris, P. odoratissimus, P. penangensis, P. tectorius, dan P. utilis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan jenis Pandanus memiliki tipe stomata berupa anomositik pada kedua permukaan daun atau amfistomatous tanpa adanya papilosa pada sel tambahan. Frekuensi stomata adaksial dan abaksial memiliki perbedaan yang nyata secara statistik lintas jenis. Frekuensi stomata tertinggi pada daun adaksial/abaksial diamati berturut-turut dari P. tectorius (30,71 ± 0,81) dan P. tectorius (1,87 ± 0,12). Indeks stomata daun tertinggi diamati berturut-turut berasal dari P. labirinthicus (16,61 ± 2,51) untuk adaxial dan P. labirinthicus (0,87 ± 0,11) untuk abaxial. Ukuran stomata terbesar diamati berturut-turut berasal dari P. penangensis (137,54 ± 6,66 µm) dan P. odoratissimus (64,56 ± 3,96 µm). Secara umum, tipe stomata pada semua jenis adalah anomositik tanpa adanya papila pada sel penjaga. Parameter stomata lainnya, yaitu frekuensi, indeks, dan ukuran pada bagian adaksial cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan permukaan abaksial dengan variasi nilai secara interspesifik.","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Fucoidan Terhadap Struktur Hepar Ikan Zebra (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1822) yang Diberi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi","authors":"Nur Indah Septriani, Eben Ezer Simanungkalit, Olvita Mayani, Indah Nur Fauziah, Desy Amelia Saputri, Anggi Rehulina Sitepu, Raafi Nur Ali, Ascarti Adaninggar, Raden Roro Risang Ayu Dewayani, A. Raharjeng","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.27185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.27185","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakN-asetil-p-aminophenol atau parasetamol merupakan analgesik dan antipiretik yang mudah didapat tanpa resep. Penyalahgunaan dan kesalahan dosis konsumsi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hepar. Fucoidan memiliki aktivitas hepatoprotektif yang dapat menstimulasi regenerasi hepatosit. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengamati struktur histologis hepar ikan zebra (Danio rerio, Hamilto 1822) dewasa yang telah diberi perlakuan parasetamol dan fucoidan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan ikan zebra dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol (K) selama 10 hari, parasetamol 5 mM (P) selama 3 hari dilanjutkan air RO selama 7 hari, parasetamol 5 mM selama 3 hari dilanjutkan fucoidan 100 µg/mL (P + F 100) selama 7 hari dan parasetamol 5 mM selama 3 hari dilanjutkan fucoidan 500 µg/mL (P + F 500) dengan ulangan setiap kelompok 6 ekor ikan. Studi berlangsung selama 10 hari, parameter yang diamati adalah histopatologis hepar, berat badan ikan, keaktifan berenang, dan nafsu makan. Pada semua kelompok perlakuan, hasil menunjukkan bahwa struktur histologis hepar ikan zebra mengalami kerusakan jaringan berupa hemoragi, dan kerusakan sel berupa vakuolisasi, piknosis dan nekrosis. Terdapat penurunan aktivitas berenang dan nafsu makan setelah perlakuan parasetamol. Kelompok yang diberi fucoidan mengalami pemulihan aktivitas renang dan nafsu makan. Terdapat perbedaan nyata (P <0,05) kerusakan hepar antara perlakuan kontrol, parasetamol dan pemberian fucoidan. Kelompok P + F 100 dan P + F 500 mengalami pemulihan hepatosit setelah paparan parasetamol. Kelompok P + F 500 memiliki perbaikan yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok P + F 100. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah fucoidan dapat digunakan sebagai agen protektif hepar setelah paparan parasetamol dosis tinggi.AbstractN-acetyl-p-aminophenol or paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretics which can be obtained easily without a prescription. Consumption misuse and wrong dosage intake can lead to liver damage. Fucoidan has hepatoprotective activity that can stimulate hepatocyte regeneration. The aim of this study was to observe the histological liver structure of adult zebrafish that had been treated with paracetamol and fucoidan. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with zebrafish divided into four treatment groups; control (K) for 10 days, paracetamol 5 mM (P) for 3 days followed by RO water for 7 days, Paracetamol 5 mM for 3 days followed by fucoidan 100 g/mL (P + F 100) for 7 days and Paracetamol 5 mM for 3 days followed by fucoidan 500 g/mL (P + F 500) with replicates for each group of 6 fish. The study lasted for 10 days, data on liver histopathology was evaluated, fish body weight, swimming activity, and appetite was also evaluated. In all treatment groups, the results showed that the histological structure of the zebrafish liver experienced tissue damage in the form of hemorrhage, and cell damage in the form of vacuolization, pyknosis and ","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Biji Rotan Manau (Calamus manan Miq.) Terhadap Salmonella typhi dan Candida albicans","authors":"Dede Mahdiyah, Nora Maulina, Ali Rakhman Hakim, B. Mukti","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.23122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.23122","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakDemam tifoid adalah penyakit demam akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Salmonella typhi. Kandidiasis oral merupakan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh fungi Candida albicans yang banyak terdapat pada mukosa rongga mulut. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak biji rotan manau (Calamus manan Miq.) terhadap S. typhi dan C. albicans. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Skrining antimikroba ekstrak biji rotan manau menggunakan metode well-diffusion. Identifikasi aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak biji rotan manau terhadap S. typhi dan C. albicans untuk melihat Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) menggunakan metode broth dilution, sedangkan untuk melihat Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) terhadap S. typhi dan Minimum Fungisidal Concentration (MFC) terhadap C. albicans menggunakan metode solid dilution. Hasil skrining antimikroba didapatkan zona hambat pada ekstrak biji rotan manau terhadap S. typhi sebesar 21,39 mm dan terhadap C. albicans sebesar 16,14 mm. Nilai MIC ekstrak biji rotan manau pada konsentrasi 50% terhadap S. typhi dan C. albicans, sedangkan untuk MBC terhadap S. typhi maupun MFC terhadap C. albicans dari ekstrak biji rotan manau tidak ditemukan karena pada media padat masih ditemukannya pertumbuhan mikroba. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk penelitian lanjutan sebagai temuan awal senyawa potensi antimikroba dari ekstrak biji rotan manau terhadap bakteri dan fungi.AbstractTyphoid fever is an acute febrile illness caused by infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans which is abundant in the oral mucosa. The purpose of this study was to identify the antimicrobial activity of rattan manau seed extract (Calamus manan Miq.) against the bacteria Salmonella typhi and the fungus C. albicans. The extraction method used is the maceration method. Antimicrobial screening of rattan manau seed extract using the well-diffusion method. Identification of antimicrobial activity of rattan manau seed extract against S. typhi bacteria and C. albicans fungi to see Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth dilution method, while to see Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against S. typhi bacteria and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against the fungus C. albicans using the solid dilution method. The results of antimicrobial screening showed that the inhibition zone in the extract of rattan manau against S. typhi was 21.39 mm and against C. albicans was 16.14 mm. The MIC value of rattan manau seed extract was obtained at a concentration of 50% against S. typhi bacteria and C. albicans fungi, while for MBC against S. typhi and MFC against C. albicans from rattan manau seed extract not found because in solid media microbial growth is still found. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research as initial findings of an","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primer Design and Optimization of Annealing Temperature for Gene Amplification GSTL2 on Rice","authors":"V. Violita, A. Achyar, Zulyusri Zulyusri, Yusni Atifah, Dwi Hilda Putri, Rezi Nabilah","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.32859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.32859","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGlutathione S-Transferase is a superfamily enzyme that has many roles for living things, especially in the detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), one of which is rice plants. One gene of this family that has a role for plants is GSTL2 This gene is known to have a contribution to Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa L. against abiotic stress. To find out how this gene expression is requires a primer to specifically amplify this gene, and an optimal annealing temperature to support the success of the primer. This study aims to design primers and determine the optimal annealing temperature for gene amplification GSTL2. Primers were designed using the Primer3, which were then analyzed with Genious Prime based on good primer criteria and optimizing the annealing temperature which was carried out using gradient PCR. The results of this study obtained a primer pair is forward 5’-TTCGAAGGGCCAGCATTACT-3’ primer reverse 5’-CAATGTCCACCAAGCTGAA-3’. The primer pair has a length of 20 nt, with melting temperature (Tm) 59–59,4 °C, and GC content 50%. The primer forward there is a secondary structure in the form of a self-dimer with (Tm) 6.2 °C. The primer pair can amplify gene sequences GSTL2 by producing a PCR product 224 bp. The annealing temperature of 60 °C resulting in a single thick, bright DNA strand.AbstrakGlutathione S-Transferase merupakan enzim superfamily yang memiliki banyak peranan bagi makhluk hidup terutama dalam detoksifikasi Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), salah satunya tumbuhan. Salah satu gen dari famili ini yang memiliki peranan bagi tanaman adalah GSTL2. Gen ini diketahui memiliki kontribusi bagi tanaman Arabidopsis dan Oryza sativa L. terhadap stres abiotik. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana ekspresi gen GSTL2 ini dibutuhkan primer untuk mengamplifikasi gen ini secara spesifik, di samping itu suhu annealing yang optimal untuk menunjang keberhasilan primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain primer dan menentukan suhu annealing yang optimal untuk mengamplifikasi gen GSTL2. Primer didesain menggunakan tools Pick Primer dan Geneious Prime, yang kemudian dianalisis secara in silico berdasarkan kriteria primer yang baik. Serta optimasi suhu annealing yang dilakukan menggunakan gradient PCR. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sepasang primer dengan panjang masing-masing primer 20 nt, primer forward 5’-TTCGAAGGGCCAGCATTACT-3’ primer reverse 5’-CAATGTCCACCAAGCTGAA-3’. Pasangan primer dapat mengamplifikasi sekuen gen GSTL2 dengan menghasilkan produk PCR sebesar 224 bp pada suhu annealing 60 °C.","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifikasi DNA Ikan Sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys sp.) Pada Siomai dengan DNA Barcoding","authors":"Dedy Suseno, Intan Razari","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.34277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.34277","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakSiomai adalah salah satu jenis makanan yang menggunakan bahan baku utama ikan. Pada dasarnya pembuatan siomai dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis ikan, ikan sapu-sapu bisa jadi salah satunya. Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang banyak hidup di perairan Indonesia misalnya pada Sungai Ciliwung. Tercemarnya air Sungai Ciliwung dengan logam berat Hg, Pb, Cd, dan Ag sangat memungkinkan logam-logam berat tersebut terakumulasi pada ikan sapu-sapu. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi DNA ikan sapu-sapu pada sampel siomai dan menganalisis adanya kandungan logam berat pada sampel siomai yang mengandung ikan sapu-sapu. Sampel siomai yang dianalisis sebanyak 28 sampel. Sampel ini didapatkan dari 28 lokasi berbeda di sekitar stasiun kereta api Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Analisis DNA ikan sapu-sapu menggunakan primer spesifik dan analisis logam berat menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Sebanyak 9 dari 28 sampel memperlihatkan pita berukuran 496 pb pada gel elektroforesis. Pita tersebut terkonfirmasi spesies ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis dan Hypostomus plecostomus) setelah dianalisis menggunakan sequencing sanger. Sebanyak 9 sampel yang teridentifikasi mengandung ikan sapu-sapu juga mengandung logam berat Pb dengan rentang konsentrasi 0,06 mg/kg sampai 0,12 mg/kg dan logam berat Cd <0,007 mg/kg. Kandungan logam berat pada sampel siomai masih di bawah ambang batas aman sesuai ketentuan SNI dan BPOM.AbstractSiomai is a type of food that uses fish as the main ingredient. Siomai can be made by using various types of fish, suckermouth catfish can be one of them. Suckermouth catfish is a type of fish that lives a lot in Indonesian rivers, for example in the Ciliwung River. Pollution of Ciliwung River water with heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cd, and Ag makes it possible for these heavy metals to accumulate in the suckermouth catfish. The purpose of this study is to identify the suckermouth catfish DNA in the siomai sample and analyze the presence of heavy metals in the siomai sample containing suckermouth catfish. Siomai samples analyzed were 28 samples. This sample was obtained from 28 different locations around the DKI Jakarta Provincial train station. DNA Analysis of the suckermouth catfish using specific primers and analysis of heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Nine of the 28 samples showed a 496 bp band on the electrophoretic gel. The band was confirmed by the species of suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Hypostomus plecostomus) after being analyzed using Sanger sequencing. A total of 9 samples that were identified as containing suckermouth catfish also contained the heavy metal Pb with a concentration range of 0.06 mg/kg to 0.12 mg/kg and the heavy metal Cd <0.007 mg/kg. The heavy metals content in the siomai sample is still below the safe threshold according to SNI and BPOM provisions.","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diversity of Plant as Traditional Culinary Food Wrappers on The Bogor’s Society, West Java Province, Indonesia","authors":"M. Nikmatullah, Mulyati Rahayu, Titi Kalima, Marwan Setiawan, I. Hasanah","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.34124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.34124","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractTraditional culinary is a food that has a distinctive taste, commonly consumed by a particular society. Generally, traditional culinary using the diversity of plants to wrap food. The function of plant leaves for food wrapping in consider of natural and safe material. The use of natural materials is very valuable traditional knowledge and includes cultural wealth. The research was conducted to reveal the diversity of plants that are still used as traditional culinary wrapping in Bogor city. This research method used the ethnobotany approach, through observation and direct interview to a key informant up to 20 respondents on the three traditional market’s in Bogor city. The data collection results were produced of 23 types of cuisines in the traditional culinary markets, namely Anyar/Kembang, Sukasari, and Surya Kencana. These traditional culinary are utilized five plant species to wrap food, mostly using banana leaves (Musa spp.) for food packaging of 23 types of the tradisional culinary delights. The advantage of utilizing plants as traditional culinary wrapping infused with flavor to enhance the taste and art. Utilization plants as food wrapping need to preserved, developed, and socialized to public due to its local wisdom environmental sustainability and to reduce the use of non-natural resources that have severe environmental impacts and public health.AbstrakKuliner tradisional merupakan suatu makanan yang mempunyai cita rasa yang khas, biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat tertentu. Umumnya kuliner tradisional memanfaatkan keanekaragaman tumbuhan sebagai pembungkusnya. Penggunaan daun sebagai pembungkus karena bahan alami dan aman untuk membungkus makanan. Penggunaan bahan dari alam adalah pengetahuan tradisional sangat berharga dan termasuk kekayaan budaya. Penelitian tersebut dilakukan untuk mengungkap keanekaragaman tumbuhan yang masih digunakan sebagai pembungkus kuliner tradisional di Kota Bogor. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan etnobotani, melalui observasi dan wawancara langsung kepada informan kunci sebanyak 20 responden di tiga pasar tradisional kota Bogor. Hasil pendataan menunjukkan terdapat 23 jenis kuliner tradisional di pasar Anyar/Kembang, Sukasari, dan Surya Kencana. Kuliner tradisional ini memanfaatkan 5 jenis tumbuhan sebagai pembungkusnya yang sebagian besar adalah daun pisang (Musa spp.) yang digunakan sebagai pembungkus 23 kuliner tradisional. Keuntungan memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai pembungkus kuliner tradisional antara lain untuk menambah cita rasa dan seni. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai pembungkus makanan perlu dilestarikan, dikembangkan, dan disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat umum agar budaya lokal ini senantiasa lestari dan dapat mengurangi pemanfaatan sumber daya non alam yang berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat.","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utilization of Lichen As Biomonitoring NO2 Gas Emission in The City of Palembang","authors":"Tri Mardiani, Nazip Khoiron, M. Meilinda","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.27943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.27943","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study aims to determine the type of lichen as a bioindicator of air pollution and its potential in biomonitoring NO2 gas emissions in the air using the index of atmospheric purity (IAP) calculation method. The research area was divided into 4 sampling stations. One location is a motorised traffic-free area designated as station 1. Station 2, 3, and station 4 are areas located on roads with different motorised traffic densities. At stations 1, 2, 3 and 4, NO2 pollutant levels were measured following the SNI 19–7119.2–2005 procedure with the Griess Saltzman method. Furthermore, at the same station, the pollution level was also determined by calculating the IAP value. Based on the IAP value, the pollution level at the research area station is in the low-very high category with NO2 gas pollution levels in the range of 7.95–12.1 μg/Nm3/hour. There are 8 species of lichen whose presence can serve as bioindicators of NO2 pollution in the air. These species are Graphis sp., Lecanora sp., Lepraria sp., Dirinaria sp., Graphis scripta, Canoparmelia sp., Ochrolechia sp., and Lecidella elaeochroma. The results of the average measurement of NO2 levels show that NO2 levels at the four sampling stations are still in a safe status because they are still below the air quality standards. The IAP value has a negative correlation with NO2 levels in the air, where the higher the NO2 levels in the air, the lower the IAP value, otherwise if the NO2 levels in the air are lower, the IAP value will be higher. The Pearson Correlation test shows that there is a negative relationship (unidirectional relationship) between NO2 levels in the air and IAP values. The higher the pollutants in an area, the lower the number of colonies and area of lichen cover on trees, especially in lichen species that are sensitive to air pollution.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis lichen sebagai bioindikator pencemaran udara dan potensinya dalam biomonitoring emisi gas NO2 di udara dengan metode perhitungan index of atmospheric purity (IAP). Area penelitian dibagi menjadi atas 4 stasiun sampling. Satu lokasi merupakan area bebas lintasan kendaraan bermotor yang ditetapkan sebagai stasiun 1. Stasiun 2, 3, dan stasiun 4 yaitu area yang berada pada ruas jalan dengan kepadatan lalu lintas kendaraan bermotor yang berbeda. Pada stasiun 1, 2, 3 dan 4 diukur kadar pencemar NO2 mengikuti prosedur SNI 19–7119.2–2005 dengan metode Griess Saltzman. Selanjutnya, pada stasiun yang sama ditentukan pula tingkat pencemarannya dengan menghitung nilai IAP. Berdasarkan nilai IAP, tingkat pencemaran pada stasiun area penelitian berada pada kategori rendah-sangat tinggi dengan kadar pencemar gas NO2 berada pada kisaran 7,95–12,1 μg/Nm3/jam. Ada 8 jenis lichen yang kehadirannya dapat berfungsi sebagai bioindikator pencemaran NO2 di udara. Jenis tersebut adalah Graphis sp, Lecanora sp., Lepraria sp., Dirinaria sp., Graphis scripta, Canoparmelia sp., Ochrolechia sp., dan  Lecidella elaeoc","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random Mutagenesis of Lipomyces maratuensis InaCC Y720 Using Commercial UV Lamp To Increase Lipid Production","authors":"Agis Dwi Lestari, A. Kanti, Miftahul Ilmi","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.29300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.29300","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOleaginous yeasts are capable of accumulating high lipid concentration up to 20% of dry cell weight. High lipid content, a shorter life cycle, and similar a fatty acid composition to vegetable oils makes oleaginous yeast a potential lipid producer. Lipomyces maratuensis InaCC Y720 is a novel species isolated from Maratua Island, East Kalimantan, which has been reported as a potential yeast lipid producer. However, lipid productivity of the yeast is needed to be increased to make it suitable for an industrial scale. The aim of this study is to obtain potential mutant strains for the biodiesel industry. Random mutagenesis was applied by using commercial UV-C lamp on the strain which resulting in an 80% death rate after three hours irradiation. Subsequent treatment was carried out using cerulenin as a selection agent for mutans, yielding six mutant strains. Among these strains, mutant 1 produced the highest lipid production, with a lipid concentration of 0.072 g/L and a lipid percentage of 8.603%.  Nevertheless, when compared to the wild type, the lipid productivity of mutant 1 is low. Based on these results, the mutagenesis approach using commercial lamp UV-C has not obtained the expected mutants, so it is recommended to use different methods for future study.AbstrakKhamir oleaginous memiliki kemampuan dapat mengakumulasi lipid hingga 20% dari berat kering selnya. Tingginya kadar lipid yang diproduksi, siklus hidup yang pendek serta komposisi lipid yang mirip dengan minyak tumbuhan dapat menjadikan khamir sebagai alternatif penghasil lipid. Lipomyces maratuensis InaCC Y720 merupakan spesies baru yang diisolasi dari Pulau Maratua, Kalimantan Timur yang dilaporkan sebagai khamir penghasil lipid potensial. Namun, produktivitas lipid khamir tersebut perlu ditingkatkan agar sesuai untuk skala industri. Tujuan dalam studi ini adalah mendapatkan strain mutan yang potensial untuk industri biodiesel. Metode mutagenesis secara acak dilakukan dengan menggunakan lampu UV-C komersial pada strain yang menghasilkan tingkat kematian 80% selama tiga jam penyinaran. Setelah itu, dilakukan perlakuan lebih lanjut dengan penggunaan serulenin sebagai agen seleksi mutan. Proses seleksi menghasilkan enam strain mutan. Di antara keenam strain mutan, mutan 1 menghasilkan jumlah lipid tertinggi dengan berat lipid 0,072 g/L dengan persentase lipid yaitu 8,603%. Namun, dibandingkan dengan wild type, produktivitas lipid mutan 1 lebih rendah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, mutagenesis menggunakan lampu UV-C komersial belum mendapatkan mutan yang diharapkan sehingga disarankan penggunaan metode yang berbeda untuk penelitian selanjutnya. ","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efisiensi Penyerbukan Tetragonula laeviceps Pada Budi Daya Tumpang Sari Tomat Dan Mentimun Di Greenhouse","authors":"Ramadhani Eka Putra, Novitasari Novitasari, Mia Rosmiati, Inayati Zakiyatun Husna, Eka Setiyarni, Ida Kinasih","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.29769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.29769","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakPenyerbukan oleh serangga liar merupakan salah satu servis ekosistem yang tidak dapat diperoleh oleh sistem pertanian tertutup. Hal tersebut mungkin dapat digantikan oleh lebah yang didomestikasi, seperti lebah tidak bersengat (Tetragonula laeviceps). Pada penelitian ini, koloni T. laeviceps diuji coba sebagai sistem tumpang sari tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) dan mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)  yang ditanam pada greenhouse. Kesuksesan penyerbukan diamati pada 100 tangkai bunga tomat dan mentimun oleh koloni T. laeviceps yang ditempatkan pada greenhouse, kemudian dibandingkan dengan kesuksesan penyerbukan pada sistem budi daya yang terdapat di luar greenhouse (penyerbukan terbuka). Untuk dapat menjelaskan peran dari T. laeviceps sebagai penyerbuk maka dilakukan juga pengamatan pada tingkat kunjungan lebah, laju kunjungan, dan waktu yang dihabiskan pada bunga. Efek lanjutan dari proses penyerbukan seperti diameter, panjang, bobot, dan jumlah biji juga diamati dan dibandingkan antara kelompok yang dibudidayakan di dalam dan di luar greenhouse. Efisiensi penyerbukan dan kualitas buah tomat yang dihasilkan di luar greenhouse secara signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan aplikasi lebah tidak bersengat di dalam greenhouse. Efisiensi penyerbukan mentimun dengan T. laeviceps (14%) sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan penyerbukan terbuka (73%), namun kualitas buah yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi walaupun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Di sisi lain, efisiensi penyerbukan tomat dengan T. laeviceps (45%) sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan penyerbukan terbuka (80%), dengan kualitas buah jauh lebih rendah. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa T. laeviceps dapat diaplikasikan sebagai agen penyerbuk pada sistem greenhouse, namun belum dapat menggantikan keuntungan dari variasi dari agen penyerbuk (biotik dan abiotik) yang terdapat pada sistem budi daya di sistem terbuka. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mendesain sistem produksi buah di dalam greenhouse yang berkesinambungan melalui aplikasi servis penyerbukan.AbstractClosed system farming system is lack of natural pollination service which might solve the by application of domesticated bees, such as stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) as pollination agent. This hypothesis was tested in this study in which T. laeviceps was applied as pollination agent of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated as companion plants inside the greenhouse. During this study, pollination efficiency and its effect on fruit quality (such as dimension, weight, and seed numbers) of application of T. laeviceps as a pollination agent were compared to natural pollination systems outside the greenhouse (open pollination). The variables were observed on 100 flowers of both tomato and cucumber cultivated inside and outside greenhouse. The efficiency of pollination by T. laeviceps (14%) on cucumber was significantly lower than open pollination (73%) and the qualit","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Pertumbuhan Khamir Endofit Buah Salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) dengan Penambahan Zinc","authors":"Nurul Kusmiyati, U. Utami, Muhammad Riefki Pratama, Liliek Harianie","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.31921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v17i2.31921","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakKhamir endofit buah salak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) dengan kode YIS-3, YIS-4, dan YIS-7 dapat dimanfaatkan untuk fermentasi adonan roti. Kemampuan tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan sumber zinc pada media pertumbuhannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan khamir endofit buah salak dengan penambahan zinc dan kualitas roti hasil fermentasi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi peremajaan isolat khamir, penambahan nutrisi pada media pertumbuhan, analisis biomassa khamir, jumlah sel, volume adonan, dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian pada parameter pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan penambahan zinc 0,1 g/L menghasilkan biomassa dan jumlah sel lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol. Biomassa tertinggi dihasilkan oleh YIS-4 yakni 4,13 g/300 mL, sedangkan jumlah sel tertinggi dihasilkan oleh YIS-3 yakni 27,84 x 106 sel/mL. Pada persentase pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa isolat khamir dengan perlakuan zinc 0,1 g/L membutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk mencapai pengembangan tertinggi, namun volume roti setelah pemanggangan menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Isolat YIS-4 dengan perlakuan zinc 0,1 g/L menghasilkan volume roti tertinggi (949,54 cm3). Berdasarkan analisis organoleptik dengan parameter warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur menunjukkan bahwa semua panelis lebih menyukai roti hasil fermentasi isolat YIS-4 dengan perlakuan zinc 0,1 g/L.AbstractThe endophytic yeast of salak fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) with codes YIS-3, YIS-4, and YIS-7 can be used for bread dough fermentation. This ability can be increased by adding a zinc source to the growth medium. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of the endophytic yeast of salak fruit with the addition of zinc and the quality of fermented bread. The methods used include rejuvenation of yeast isolates, addition of nutrients to growth media, analysis of yeast biomass, cell count, dough volume and organoleptic. The results of research on growth parameters showed that treatment with the addition of zinc 0.1 g/L resulted in higher biomass and cell count than the control treatment. The highest biomass was produced by YIS-4 which was 4.13 g/300 mL, while the highest number of cells was produced by YIS-3 which was 27.84 x 106 cells/mL. The swelling percentage showed that yeast isolates treated with 0.1 g/L zinc took longer to reach the highest swelling, but the volume of bread after baking showed better results than the control treatment. YIS-4 isolate treated with 0.1 g/L zinc produced the highest bread volume (949.54 cm3). Based on organoleptic analysis with parameters of color, aroma, taste and texture, it showed that all panelists preferred bread fermented YIS-4 isolate with 0.1 g/L zinc treatment.","PeriodicalId":505278,"journal":{"name":"Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}