ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献_第4页

Instability of Jeffrey Fluid Throughflow in a Porous Layer Induced by Heat Source and Soret Effect 热源和索雷特效应诱发多孔层中杰弗里流体通流的不稳定性

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065116

Raju Sen, Subrata Roy, P. A. Lakshmi Narayanan, R. Kairi

{"title":"Instability of Jeffrey Fluid Throughflow in a Porous Layer Induced by Heat Source and Soret Effect","authors":"Raju Sen, Subrata Roy, P. A. Lakshmi Narayanan, R. Kairi","doi":"10.1115/1.4065116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, we investigated the instability of thermosolutal convection of Jeffrey fluid in a porous layer with internal heating and the Soret effect. The layer is bounded by two fixed permeable parallel plates which are assumed to be isothermal and isosolutal. An existing initial flow in the vertical direction is passing the layer at a constant speed. The flow fields are adequately presented by PDEs and transformed into dimensionless forms. A small perturbation to the basic flow profiles with linear stability analysis results the problem in an eigenvalue problem. The Runge-Kutta method is used to derive the numerical value of the critical thermal Rayleigh number. The convective instability for asymptotic cases for Le = 1 and Pe = 0 are also examined as special cases. The analysis reveals that for a non-positive Soret parameter, the flow is stable for all Lewis numbers and independent of the heat source. But with a positive Soret parameter in the absence of a heat source, the fluid flow is stable for Le = 3 while the influence of a heat source destabilizes the flow for Le > 2. In high and low shear flows with increasing solutal gradient, the solutal Rayleigh number shows a highly destabilizing nature for all Le. Moreover, smaller relaxation and higher retardation time are the most unstable characteristics of the heat source system. In convective longitudinal rolls, the uni-cellular streamline patterns tend to become bi-cellular by the influence of positive Soret parameters and energy sources.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Local Heat Transfer Distribution On Thin Metal Foil Impinged by Array of Free Surface Jets 自由表面射流阵列冲击薄金属箔的局部传热分布

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065114

Anuj Kumar, S.V. Prabhu

{"title":"Local Heat Transfer Distribution On Thin Metal Foil Impinged by Array of Free Surface Jets","authors":"Anuj Kumar, S.V. Prabhu","doi":"10.1115/1.4065114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study focuses on the measurement of the local heat transfer distribution of a smooth flat plate impinged by an array of free surface jets on a thin metal foil. Local Nusselt number distributions are measured for a fixed jet diameter (d = 3 mm). The jet arrays consist of perfectly round apertures arranged in a square pattern, with a uniform spacing of 4d between adjacent jets in both the streamwise and spanwise direction. A wide range of Reynolds numbers varying from 1000 to 12500 are covered in this study. The nozzle to plate spacing (z/d) is varied between 1 to 10. The effect of the Reynolds number and nozzle to plate spacing on the local and spanwise average Nusselt number distributions are studied. The local Nusselt number exhibits an increase with nozzle-to-plate spacing within the low Reynolds number range (Re = 1000 to 2500). However, for Reynolds numbers exceeding 2500, the influence of nozzle-to-plate spacing on Nusselt number distributions remains negligible up to a nozzle-to-plate distance (z/d) of 5. Beyond this point, there is a gradual decrease in the Nusselt number value. The Nusselt number value gradually decreases beyond z/d of 5. At a Reynolds number of 1500, the Nusselt number increases by 71% for z/d = 10 in comparison to z/d = 1. Empirical correlations for local and spanwise average Nusselt number are proposed which satisfactory predict the local as well as spanwise average Nusselt number distributions.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Iterative Broyden Legendre Wavelet Galerkin FEM Applied to Unsteady State Model of Two-Dimensional Elliptic Fin 应用于二维椭圆鳍片非稳态模型的新型迭代布洛伊登-勒让德雷小波 Galerkin 有限元模型

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065113

S. Upadhyay, Priti Sharma, Surjan Singh, K. N. Rai

引用次数: 0

Effects of Flow Pulsation and Surface Geometry On Heat Transfer Performance in a Channel with Teardrop-Shaped Dimples Measured by Transient Technique 用瞬态技术测量流动脉动和表面几何形状对带有水滴形凹痕的通道传热性能的影响

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065117

Shimpei Kobayashi, K. Inokuma, A. Murata, K. Iwamoto

{"title":"Effects of Flow Pulsation and Surface Geometry On Heat Transfer Performance in a Channel with Teardrop-Shaped Dimples Measured by Transient Technique","authors":"Shimpei Kobayashi, K. Inokuma, A. Murata, K. Iwamoto","doi":"10.1115/1.4065117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study focuses on the heat transfer performance of a pulsating flow over a channel surface with teardrop-shaped dimples. Heat transfer measurements were performed by a transient technique with compensation of three-dimensional heat conduction under a bulk Reynolds number of 25,000. Seven types of surfaces with the teardrop-shaped dimples were examined, where dimple arrangement (in-line/staggered) and inclination angle (0-60 deg) were varied. A pulsating flow with the Strouhal number of 0.15 was generated by vibrating a rubber film section on the channel wall using a vibration generator. The pulsation amplitude was evaluated by calculating the root-mean-square value of the phase averaged velocity. Two conditions of the pulsation amplitudes were examined (0.09 and 0.12 of mean velocity). The results showed that the surface-averaged Nusselt number and friction factor for the pulsating flow increased from those for the steady flow. The highest increases of the surface-averaged Nusselt number and heat transfer efficiency index appeared in the 30deg in-line arrangement, and those were 16.1% and 9.8%, respectively, at most as compared with the steady case. Due to the flow pulsation, the local Nusselt number was enhanced at the leading-edge region of the dimples, and supplementary RANS/URANS results showed that the flow separation size was shrunk by the flow pulsation there.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Multiscale Atmospheric Modeling to Explore the Impact of Surface Albedo On Anthropogenic Heat Release 利用多尺度大气建模探索地表反照率对人为热量释放的影响

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065088

Shuv Dey, Evan Mallen, Brian Stone, Yogendra Joshi

{"title":"Using Multiscale Atmospheric Modeling to Explore the Impact of Surface Albedo On Anthropogenic Heat Release","authors":"Shuv Dey, Evan Mallen, Brian Stone, Yogendra Joshi","doi":"10.1115/1.4065088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cities account for over 66% of global energy use and with over 68% of the population expected to live in urbanized areas by 2050, anthropogenic urban heat release is likely to become one of the most significant contributors to the creation of urban microclimates. In the present work, an open-source framework for one-way upstream coupled multiscale urban thermal environment simulations is examined and validated and can provide valuable insights about the flow behavior and energy transport between spatial scales. In this study, a city-wide multiscale model with over 500,000 building, road, and tree canopy data points parameterizing Atlanta, GA as a digital twin is developed and validated with a spatial scale of 5 m. The validated model is used to perform a parametric study on the implications bulk surface albedo has on the city's anthropogenic heat release in terms of heat flux. The study demonstrates that anthropogenic heat flux for building waste energy accounts for a small part of the total surface heat flux, and a detailed understanding of the components of urban heat (particularly with respect to total surface heat flux) is required to predict and simulate an urban thermal environment.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Analysis of the Improvement of Heat Transfer in Tube Heat Exchangers via Passive Flow Generators Using Wire Coil Inserts 通过使用线盘插件的无源流动发生器改善管式热交换器传热的实验分析

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065115

F. Ibrahim, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, Mohd Bin Omar, Z. Siri, Rony Mehedy Hassan, M. M. A. A. Eid

{"title":"Experimental Analysis of the Improvement of Heat Transfer in Tube Heat Exchangers via Passive Flow Generators Using Wire Coil Inserts","authors":"F. Ibrahim, Mohd Ridha Muhamad, Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, Mohd Bin Omar, Z. Siri, Rony Mehedy Hassan, M. M. A. A. Eid","doi":"10.1115/1.4065115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to their high performance and low-cost demands, internally treated tube heat exchanger surfaces are one of the passive heat transfer enhancements that have caught the industry's attention. At bulk temperatures of 30 °C, an experiment for the insertion of 1 mm and 0.5 mm wire coils with a constant pitch length of 8 mm was carried out in this study. The results on the improvement of heat transfer, including the velocity profile, Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal enhancement efficiency, were significant. Based on a lower surface temperature recorded beyond the uncertainty value, the results demonstrated an improvement in heat transfer for smaller diameters of wire coil inserts. Interestingly, this improvement is concentrated at low Reynolds numbers, indicating that there may be a point at which an increase in wire thickness does not necessarily result in an equivalent improvement in heat transfer. For both wire thicknesses, a Nusselt number increase of up to 5 times was observed. The friction factor penalty, however, varies depending on the wire thickness, with a higher magnitude (3.2-fold increase) obtained for 1mm as opposed to a 1.8-fold increase for the lower counterpart. This distinction results in the 0.5 mm coil insert gaining better overall performance with an average of 2.2 for the thermal performance ratio, further solidifying the advantage of this technique for enhancing heat transfer in conduits.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"152 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Strip-Fin Height On Jet Impingement Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel At Two Jet-to-target Surface Spacings 两种射流与目标表面间距下带状鳍片高度对矩形通道中射流撞击传热的影响

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065086

Yasser S. Alzahrani, Lesley Wright, Je-Chin Han

{"title":"Effect of Strip-Fin Height On Jet Impingement Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel At Two Jet-to-target Surface Spacings","authors":"Yasser S. Alzahrani, Lesley Wright, Je-Chin Han","doi":"10.1115/1.4065086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An experimental investigation of heat transfer performance in a rectangular impingement channel featuring staggered strip-fins was completed. Four configurations were considered to study the effects of varying the strip-fin height (H/d= 1.5 and 2.75) at two jet-to-target surface spacings (z/d= 3 and 6) on the heat transfer, pressure loss, and crossflow magnitude for a long impingement channel with in-line, 4×12 impinging jets. Also, the effect of the reference temperature choice, either jet inlet temperature or local bulk temperature, for calculating the local heat transfer coefficients was considered. The regionally averaged heat transfer coefficients were measured at seven Reynolds numbers, based on the jet diameter, (10k-70k) utilizing the copper plate experimental method. Supplemental CFD simulations for the flow field visualization were performed to explain the complex flow behavior of the impinging jets and the crossflow in the presence of strip-fin roughness elements. The results show that the trend of the local Nusselt number distribution varies along the streamwise direction due to the crossflow effect. The crossflow is independent of the Reynolds number. The discharge coefficients are similar for all configurations between Rejet = 10k and 50k. CFD velocity contours indicated high non-uniformity distributions near the target surface implying non-uniform heat transfer rates. Finally, empirical correlations were expressed for the area averaged Nusselt number estimation of impingement channels with pin-fin or strip-fin roughness elements.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"102 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integral Transform Solution for Natural Convection within Horizontal Concentric Annular Cavities 水平同心环形空腔内自然对流的积分变换解法

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065085

Luiz Mariano Pereira, J. Quaresma, Jesús Salvador Péerez Guerrero, R. M. Cotta

{"title":"Integral Transform Solution for Natural Convection within Horizontal Concentric Annular Cavities","authors":"Luiz Mariano Pereira, J. Quaresma, Jesús Salvador Péerez Guerrero, R. M. Cotta","doi":"10.1115/1.4065085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065085","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Natural convection inside horizontal concentric annular cavities is dealt with through the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT), offering a hybrid numerical-analytical solution of the continuity, Navier-Stokes, and energy equations in cylindrical coordinates. The flow is in steady-state, laminar regime, two-dimensional, buoyancy-induced, and the governing equations are written in the streamfunction-only formulation. Two strategies of integral transformation are adopted to verify the best computational performance, namely, the usual one with eigenvalue problems for both streamfunction and temperature defined in the radial variable, and a novel alternative with eigenvalue problems defined in the azimuthal angular coordinate. First, the eigenfunction expansions convergence behavior is analyzed to critically compare the two integral transform solution strategies. Then, test cases for different aspect ratio and Rayleigh number are validated with experimental data from the classical work of Kuehn and Goldstein. A maximum relative deviation of 5% is found comparing the GITT results for the average Nusselt number against the experimental data, while a 8% maximum relative deviation is found comparing against an empirical correlation by the same authors. It is concluded that the GITT solution with the eigenvalue problem in the angular coordinate yields better convergence rates than the more usual eigenfunction expansion in the radial variable. This is due to the originally homogeneous boundary conditions in the angular direction, which do not require filtering for convergence enhancement, as opposed to the required filter in the radial direction that introduces a source term in the filtered equation for the streamfunction.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing the Academic Lineage of Richard J. Goldstein 追溯理查德-J.-戈尔茨坦的学术渊源

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065087

John Shadid, Umesh Madanan

{"title":"Tracing the Academic Lineage of Richard J. Goldstein","authors":"John Shadid, Umesh Madanan","doi":"10.1115/1.4065087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Richard J. Goldstein was a distinguished figure in both scientific and engineering research, who served in several important professional societies and was honored with fellowships and appointments to numerous domestic and international academies. His global impact is further felt through the distinguished students he mentored during his highly productive academic career and who have subsequently achieved success in academia, research, and industry. However, to many, Goldstein's most profound and personal impact was as an esteemed educator, thesis advisor, and mentor. The heartfelt gratitude expressed by these students and colleagues attests to his profound influence in their lives. This brief article endeavors to delve into Goldstein's academic genealogy, a history of groundbreaking contributors spanning over six centuries which also bears witness to the evolution of the present-day fields of thermodynamics and heat and mass transfer. Richard J. Goldstein's academic lineage traces back through two primary branches: (i) an astronomy/physics branch and (ii) a mathematics/physics branch. The astronomy/physics branch commences its journey from the venerable Nicholas Copernicus, whose revolutionary contributions laid the foundation for seminal research in the field of astronomy. The mathematics/physics branch is anchored by eminent figures such as the Bernoulli brothers, Leonhard Euler, Jean d'Alembert, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Presented in this article predominantly in the form of a directed graph, this succinct academic lineage illustrates the historical roots of Goldstein's intellectual heritage, a journey incorporating key figures greatly revered by the contemporary thermodynamics and heat transfer research community.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rayleigh-Bénard Convection with Multiple Solutions in Trapezoidal Closed Cavities 梯形封闭空腔中具有多重解的瑞利-贝纳德对流

ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065005

G. Maurya, Nadeem Ahmed, Suneet Singh, Lalit Kumar

{"title":"Rayleigh-Bénard Convection with Multiple Solutions in Trapezoidal Closed Cavities","authors":"G. Maurya, Nadeem Ahmed, Suneet Singh, Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.1115/1.4065005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rayleigh-Bénard convection in symmetric trapezoidal closed cavities with cavity angle ϕ = 70° − 110°, filled with air, is studied using numerical simulations where inclined side walls are adiabatic. In contrast to rectangular cavities, where no flow exists below a threshold value, there is a weak convection even at a low Rayleigh number (Ra) due to the fact that there is a component of thermal gradient in the horizontal direction in these cavities. Interestingly, these cavities show sudden and significant jumps in the convection, similar to square cavities (Rac = 2585.02 for ϕ = 90°), as Ra increases beyond a critical value (Rac). It is noted here that these Rac represent symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcations. These bifurcations are seen in both acute (Rac = 8000 for ϕ = 70°) and obtuse (Rac = 2300 for ϕ = 110°) angle trapezoidal cavities. Moreover, it is observed that multiple steady-state solutions (MSSS) exist as Ra is further increased. A forward and backward continuation approach for numerical simulations is used to track the co-existence of MSSS. These steady states have co-existing one-roll and two-roll convective patterns beyond another threshold value of Ra. Here, two types of critical Ra have been identified for different cavity angles; one shows the sudden jump in the convection, and the other is the one beyond which MSSS co-exist. Furthermore, a co-dimension two bifurcation analysis is carried out with Ra and ϕ as two parameters. The bifurcation analysis divides the parameter space into different regions based on the multiplicity of the solutions.","PeriodicalId":505153,"journal":{"name":"ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"127 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0