Epidemiologic Reviews最新文献_第8页

Evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of eradicating Helicobacter pylori on development of gastric cancer. 根除幽门螺杆菌对胃癌发生的流行病学疗效评价。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz006

Fujiao Duan, Chunhua Song, Jintao Zhang, Peng Wang, H. Ye, L. Dai, Jianying Zhang, Kaijuan Wang

{"title":"Evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of eradicating Helicobacter pylori on development of gastric cancer.","authors":"Fujiao Duan, Chunhua Song, Jintao Zhang, Peng Wang, H. Ye, L. Dai, Jianying Zhang, Kaijuan Wang","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxz006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz006","url":null,"abstract":"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization has been reported to affect the progression of gastric cancer. A comprehensive literature search was performed from 1997 to 2017 through the electronic database. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCT) evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication on development of gastric cancer. Four RCTs and nine non-RCTs were included, with a total of 40,740 participants (321,269 person-years). Overall, H. pylori eradication therapy was associated with a significantly reduced the risk of gastric cancer (Incidence rate ratio, IRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.65). Results of mixed-effect Poisson regression meta-analysis were similar with traditional meta-analyses. In stratified analyses, the IRRs were 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.86) in RCTs and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.64) in non-RCTs. The IRRs were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.61) in patients and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) in population. Moreover, the relative risk reduction was approximately 77% on the development of non-cardiac gastric cancer for H. pylori eradication therapy in China. Attributable risk percentage and population attributable risk percentage for Chinese patients were 77.08% and 75.33% and Japanese patients were 57.80% and 45.99%. In conclusion, H. pylori eradication therapy reduces the risk of developing non-cardiac gastric cancer, the findings indicate the importance of early intervention of H. pylori eradication therapy from the perspective of epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxz006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46129268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach. 人类人畜共患结核病:控制、监测和同一个健康方法。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz002

Rodrigo Macedo Couto, Otavio T Ranzani, Eliseu Alves Waldman

{"title":"Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach.","authors":"Rodrigo Macedo Couto, Otavio T Ranzani, Eliseu Alves Waldman","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxz002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz002","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic tuberculosis is a reemerging infectious disease in high-income countries and a neglected one in low- and middle-income countries. Despite major advances in its control as a result of milk pasteurization, its global burden is unknown, especially due the lack of surveillance data. Additionally, very little is known about control strategies. The purpose of this review was to contextualize the current knowledge about the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis and to describe the available evidence regarding surveillance and control strategies in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. We conducted this review enriched by a One Health perspective, encompassing its inherent multifaceted characteristics. We found that the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is likely to be underreported worldwide, with higher incidence in low-income countries, where the surveillance systems are even more fragile. Together with the lack of specific political commitment, surveillance data is affected by lack of a case definition and limitations of diagnostic methods. Control measures were dependent on risk factors and varied greatly between countries. This review supports the claim that a One Health approach is the most valuable concept to build capable surveillance systems, resulting in effective control measures. The disease characteristics and suggestions to implement surveillance and control programs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"130-144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxz002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37836876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Emerging Evidence for Infectious Causes of Cancer in the United States. 美国癌症感染原因的新证据。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz003

Heidi E Brown, Leslie K Dennis, Priscilla Lauro, Purva Jain, Erin Pelley, Eyal Oren

{"title":"Emerging Evidence for Infectious Causes of Cancer in the United States.","authors":"Heidi E Brown, Leslie K Dennis, Priscilla Lauro, Purva Jain, Erin Pelley, Eyal Oren","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxz003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz003","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, infectious agents currently contribute to an estimated 15% of new cancer cases. Most of these (92%, or 2 million new cancer cases) are attributable to 4 infectious agents: Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. A better understanding of how infectious agents relate to the US cancer burden may assist new diagnostic and treatment efforts. We review US-specific crude mortality rates from infection-associated cancers and describe temporal and spatial trends since 1999. We review the US-specific evidence for infection-cancer associations by reporting available estimates for attributable fractions for the infection-cancer associations. Death due to cancers with established infectious associations varies geographically, but estimates for the US attributable fraction are limited to a few observational studies. To describe the burden of infection-associated cancer in the United States, additional observational studies are necessary to estimate the prevalence of infection nationally and within subpopulations. As infectious associations emerge to explain cancer etiologies, new opportunities and challenges to reducing the burden arise. Improved estimates for the United States would help target interventions to higher-risk subpopulations.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"82-96"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxz003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37836877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Advances in Data Driven Responses to Preventing Spread of Antibiotic Resistance across Healthcare Settings. 预防抗生素耐药性在医疗保健环境中传播的数据驱动反应进展。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz010

S. Fridkin

引用次数: 2

The Many Faces of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease. 新出现和重新出现的传染病的多方面。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz011

J. Lessler, W. Orenstein

引用次数: 5

Incubation Period of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli 产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的培养期

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz001

A. Awofisayo-Okuyelu, J. Brainard, I. Hall, N. McCarthy

{"title":"Incubation Period of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli","authors":"A. Awofisayo-Okuyelu, J. Brainard, I. Hall, N. McCarthy","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxz001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Severe infections could lead to life-threatening complications, especially in young children and the elderly. Understanding the distribution of the incubation period, which is currently inconsistent and ambiguous, can help in controlling the burden of disease. We conducted a systematic review of outbreak investigation reports, extracted individual incubation data and summary estimates, tested for heterogeneity, classified studies into subgroups with limited heterogeneity, and undertook a meta-analysis to identify factors that may contribute to the distribution of the pathogen’s incubation period. Twenty-eight studies were identified for inclusion in the review (1 of which included information on 2 outbreaks), and the resulting I2 value was 77%, indicating high heterogeneity. Studies were classified into 5 subgroups, with the mean incubation period ranging from 3.5 to 8.1 days. The length of the incubation period increased with patient age and decreased by 7.2 hours with every 10% increase in attack rate.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxz001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Postexposure Effects of Vaccines on Infectious Diseases. 疫苗对传染病的暴露后影响。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz014

Tara Gallagher, Marc Lipsitch

{"title":"Postexposure Effects of Vaccines on Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Tara Gallagher, Marc Lipsitch","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxz014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz014","url":null,"abstract":"We searched the PubMed database for clinical trials and observational human studies about postexposure vaccination effects, targeting infections with approved vaccines and vaccines licensed outside the United States against dengue, hepatitis E, malaria, and tick-borne encephalitis. Studies of animal models, serologic testing, and pipeline vaccines were excluded. Eligible studies were evaluated by definition of exposure; attempts to distinguish pre- and postexposure effects were rated on a scale of 1 to 4. We screened 4,518 articles and ultimately identified for this review 14 clinical trials and 31 observational studies spanning 7 of the 28 vaccine-preventable diseases. For secondary attack rate, the following medians were found for postexposure vaccination effectiveness: hepatitis A, 85% (interquartile range (IQR), 28; n = 5 sources); hepatitis B, 85% (IQR, 22; n = 5 sources); measles, 83% (IQR, 21; n = 8 sources); varicella, 67% (IQR: 48; n = 9 sources); smallpox, 45% (IQR, 39; n = 4 sources); and mumps, 38% (IQR, 7; n = 2 sources). For case fatality proportions resulting from rabies and smallpox, the median vaccine postexposure efficacies were 100% (IQR, 0; n = 6 sources) and 63% (IQR, 50; n = 8 sources), respectively. Many available vaccines can modify or preclude disease if administered after exposure. This postexposure effectiveness could be important to consider during vaccine trials and while developing new vaccines.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"13-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxz014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RE: "PREVALENCE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN PRISONERS". 回复:“囚犯中创伤后应激障碍的患病率”。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy007

引用次数: 81

Health Outcomes for Clients of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons. 监狱针头和注射器项目客户的健康结果。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx019

Jeffrey V Lazarus, Kelly Safreed-Harmon, Kristina L Hetherington, Daniel J Bromberg, Denise Ocampo, Niels Graf, Anna Dichtl, Heino Stöver, Hans Wolff

{"title":"Health Outcomes for Clients of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons.","authors":"Jeffrey V Lazarus, Kelly Safreed-Harmon, Kristina L Hetherington, Daniel J Bromberg, Denise Ocampo, Niels Graf, Anna Dichtl, Heino Stöver, Hans Wolff","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx019","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of drug dependence have been observed in the prison population globally, and the sharing of injecting drug equipment in prisons has contributed to higher prevalence of bloodborne diseases in prisoners than in the general population. Few prison needle and syringe programs (PNSPs) exist. We conducted a systematic review to assess evidence regarding health outcomes of PNSPs. We searched peer-reviewed databases for data relating to needle and syringe programs in prisons. The search methodology was conducted in accordance with accepted guidelines. Five studies met review inclusion criteria, and all presented evidence associating PNSPs with one or more health benefits, but the strength of the evidence was low. The outcomes for which the studies collectively demonstrated the strongest evidence were prevention of human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis. Few negative consequences from PNSPs were observed, consistent with previous evidence assessments. More research is needed on PNSP effectiveness, and innovative study designs are needed to overcome methodological limitations of previous research. Until stronger evidence becomes available, policymakers are urged to recognize that not implementing PNSPs has the potential to cause considerable harm, in light of what is currently known about the risks and benefits of needle and syringe programs and PNSPs and about the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in prisons.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36013244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

A Note From the Editors. 编辑们的注释。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy006

引用次数: 1