Epidemiologic Reviews最新文献_第8页

Reducing Cancer Burden in the Population: An Overview of Epidemiologic Evidence to Support Policies, Systems, and Environmental Changes. 减轻人口癌症负担:支持政策、制度和环境变化的流行病学证据综述。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx009

Elizabeth A Platz

{"title":"Reducing Cancer Burden in the Population: An Overview of Epidemiologic Evidence to Support Policies, Systems, and Environmental Changes.","authors":"Elizabeth A Platz","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxx009","url":null,"abstract":"\"Reducing Cancer Burden in the Population: Epidemiologic Evidence to Support Policies, Systems, and Environmental Changes\" is a compilation of 11 reviews addressing aspects of primary prevention of cancer (early life factors, vitamin D, and periodontal disease and the oral microbiome); primary and secondary prevention (in the transgender population); surveillance following secondary prevention (personalizing follow-up of patients diagnosed with an adenoma based on colorectal cancer risk); tertiary prevention (physical activity as an adjuvant to cancer treatment, measurement of patient-reported physical functioning in cancer treatment trials, and implementation of palliative care recommendations); and all 3 (changing epidemiology of oral cancers). Authors discuss policies, systems, and environment (PSE) changes that may be supported by epidemiologic evidence, for example, how existing public health and clinical policies and guidelines targeting noncancer outcomes may indirectly reduce cancer burden and how some cancer control policies could be refined to enhance effectiveness. Authors also discuss where systems and environment changes are necessary to ensure routine implementation of up-to-date, evidence-based policies and guidelines. Two other articles discuss infrastructure to support identification of existing and emerging cancer problems that could be reduced or avoided, including by PSE changes. These frameworks may guide impactful cancer research relevant to cancer centers' catchment areas, as well as cancer control efforts in countries where noncommunicable diseases including cancer are on the rise. The weight of the evidence of these reviews supports opportunities for PSE changes and infrastructure that could reduce the cancer burden in populations.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34956670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The Population Burden of Cancer: Research Driven by the Catchment Area of a Cancer Center. 癌症人口负担:由癌症中心集水区驱动的研究。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx001

Caroline G Tai, Robert A Hiatt

{"title":"The Population Burden of Cancer: Research Driven by the Catchment Area of a Cancer Center.","authors":"Caroline G Tai, Robert A Hiatt","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx001","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer centers, particularly those supported by the National Cancer Institute, are charged with reducing the cancer burden in their catchment area. However, methods to define both the catchment area and the cancer burden are diverse and range in complexity often based on data availability, staff resources, or confusion about what is required. This article presents a review of the current literature identifying 4 studies that have defined various aspects of the cancer burden in a defined geographical area and highlights examples of how some cancer centers and other health institutions have defined their catchment area and characterized the cancer burden within it. We then present a detailed case study of an approach applied by the University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center to define its catchment area and its population cancer burden. We cite examples of how the Cancer Center research portfolio addresses the defined cancer burden. Our case study outlines a systematic approach to using publicly available data, such as cancer registry data, that are accessible by all cancer centers. By identifying gaps and formulating future research directions based on the needs of the population within the catchment area, epidemiologic studies and other types of cancer research can be directed to the population served. This review can help guide cancer centers in developing an approach to defining their own catchment area as mandated and applying research findings to this defined population.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"108-122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34967350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects. 运动对癌症死亡率、复发和治疗相关不良反应的影响。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx007

Prue Cormie, Eva M Zopf, Xiaochen Zhang, Kathryn H Schmitz

{"title":"The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects.","authors":"Prue Cormie, Eva M Zopf, Xiaochen Zhang, Kathryn H Schmitz","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx007","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of an increasing number of new cancer cases and improving survival rates has led to a large and rapidly growing population with unique health-care requirements. Exercise has been proposed as a strategy to help address the issues faced by cancer patients. Supported by a growing body of research, major health organizations commonly identify the importance of incorporating exercise in cancer care and advise patients to be physically active. This systematic review comprehensively summarizes the available epidemiologic and randomized controlled trial evidence investigating the role of exercise in the management of cancer. Literature searches focused on determining the potential impact of exercise on 1) cancer mortality and recurrence and 2) adverse effects of cancer and its treatment. A total of 100 studies were reviewed involving thousands of individual patients whose exercise behavior was assessed following the diagnosis of any type of cancer. Compared with patients who performed no/less exercise, patients who exercised following a diagnosis of cancer were observed to have a lower relative risk of cancer mortality and recurrence and experienced fewer/less severe adverse effects. The findings of this review support the view that exercise is an important adjunct therapy in the management of cancer. Implications on cancer care policy and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"71-92"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34950765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 431

A Global Cancer Surveillance Framework Within Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance: Making the Case for Population-Based Cancer Registries. 非传染性疾病监测中的全球癌症监测框架:以人群为基础的癌症登记。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx003

Marion Piñeros, Ariana Znaor, Les Mery, Freddie Bray

{"title":"A Global Cancer Surveillance Framework Within Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance: Making the Case for Population-Based Cancer Registries.","authors":"Marion Piñeros, Ariana Znaor, Les Mery, Freddie Bray","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx003","url":null,"abstract":"The growing burden of cancer among several major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) requires national implementation of tailored public health surveillance. For many emerging economies where emphasis has traditionally been placed on the surveillance of communicable diseases, it is critical to understand the specificities of NCD surveillance and, within it, of cancer surveillance. We propose a general framework for cancer surveillance that permits monitoring the core components of cancer control. We examine communalities in approaches to the surveillance of other major NCDs as well as communicable diseases, illustrating key differences in the function, coverage, and reporting in each system. Although risk factor surveys and vital statistics registration are the foundation of surveillance of NCDs, population-based cancer registries play a unique fundamental role specific to cancer surveillance, providing indicators of population-based incidence and survival. With an onus now placed on governments to collect these data as part of the monitoring of NCD targets, the integration of cancer registries into existing and future NCD surveillance strategies is a vital requirement in all countries worldwide. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development, endorsed by the World Health Organization, provides a means to enhance cancer surveillance capacity in low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34967875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

Patient-Reported Physical Function Measures in Cancer Clinical Trials. 癌症临床试验中患者报告的身体功能测量方法。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx008

Thomas M Atkinson, Angela M Stover, Daniel F Storfer, Rebecca M Saracino, Thomas A D'Agostino, Denise Pergolizzi, Konstantina Matsoukas, Yuelin Li, Ethan Basch

{"title":"Patient-Reported Physical Function Measures in Cancer Clinical Trials.","authors":"Thomas M Atkinson, Angela M Stover, Daniel F Storfer, Rebecca M Saracino, Thomas A D'Agostino, Denise Pergolizzi, Konstantina Matsoukas, Yuelin Li, Ethan Basch","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxx008","url":null,"abstract":"Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used to monitor treatment-related symptoms and physical function decrements in cancer clinical trials. As more patients enter survivorship, it is important to capture PRO physical function throughout trials to help restore pretreatment levels of function. We completed a systematic review of PRO physical function measures used in cancer clinical trials and evaluated their psychometric properties on the basis of guidelines from the US Food and Drug Administration. Five databases were searched through October 2015: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and Cochrane. From an initial total of 10,233 articles, we identified 108 trials that captured PRO physical function. Within these trials, approximately 67% used the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire and 25% used the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36. Both the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 instruments generically satisfy most Food and Drug Administration requirements, although neither sought direct patient input as part of item development. The newer Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function short form may be a brief, viable alternative. Clinicians should carefully consider the psychometric properties of these measures when incorporating PRO instrumentation into clinical trial design to provide a more comprehensive understanding of patient function.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5858035/pdf/mxx008.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34951187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations. 变性人的癌症：证据和方法论考虑。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxw003

Hayley Braun, Rebecca Nash, Vin Tangpricha, Janice Brockman, Kevin Ward, Michael Goodman

{"title":"Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations.","authors":"Hayley Braun, Rebecca Nash, Vin Tangpricha, Janice Brockman, Kevin Ward, Michael Goodman","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxw003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxw003","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender people comprise a diverse group of individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from that originally assigned to them at birth. Some, but not all, transgender people elect to undergo medical gender affirmation, which may include therapy with cross-sex hormones and/or surgical change of the genitalia and other sex characteristics. As cross-sex hormones administered for the purposes of gender affirmation may be delivered at high doses and over a period of decades, the carcinogenicity of hormonal therapy in transgender people is an area of considerable concern. In addition, concerns about cancer risk in transgender patients have been linked to sexually transmitted infections, increased exposure to well-known risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use, and the lack of adequate access to screening. Several publications have identified cancer as an important priority in transgender health research and called for large-scale studies. The goals of this article are to summarize the evidence on factors that may differentially affect cancer risk in transgender people, assess the relevant cancer surveillance and epidemiologic data available to date, and offer an overview of possible methodological considerations for future studies investigating cancer incidence and mortality in this population.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868281/pdf/mxw003.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34979329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk. 早期生活暴露与成年癌症风险。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx004

Megan A Clarke, Corinne E Joshu

{"title":"Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk.","authors":"Megan A Clarke, Corinne E Joshu","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx004","url":null,"abstract":"Very little is known about the influence of early life exposures on adult cancer risk. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the epidemiologic evidence relating early life tobacco use, obesity, diet, and physical activity to adult cancer risk; describe relevant theoretical frameworks and methodological strategies for studying early life exposures; and discuss policies and research initiatives focused on early life. Our findings suggest that in utero exposures may indirectly influence cancer risk by modifying biological pathways associated with carcinogenesis; however, more research is needed to firmly establish these associations. Initiation of exposures during childhood and adolescence may impact cancer risk by increasing duration and lifetime exposure to carcinogens and/or by acting during critical developmental periods. To expand the evidence base, we encourage the use of life course frameworks, causal inference methods such as Mendelian randomization, and statistical approaches such as group-based trajectory modeling in future studies. Further, we emphasize the need for objective exposure biomarkers and valid surrogate endpoints to reduce misclassification. With the exception of tobacco use, there is insufficient evidence to support the development of new cancer prevention policies; however, we highlight existing policies that may reduce the burden of these modifiable risk factors in early life.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"11-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34911401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Personalized Surveillance After Colorectal Adenomatous Polypectomy. 评估结直肠腺瘤性息肉切除术后个性化监测的有效性和成本效益。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx002

Ethna McFerran, James F O'Mahony, Richard Fallis, Duncan McVicar, Ann G Zauber, Frank Kee

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Personalized Surveillance After Colorectal Adenomatous Polypectomy.","authors":"Ethna McFerran, James F O'Mahony, Richard Fallis, Duncan McVicar, Ann G Zauber, Frank Kee","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxx002","url":null,"abstract":"Lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is 5%, and 5-year survival at early stage is 92%. Individuals with precancerous lesions removed at primary screening are typically recommended surveillance colonoscopy. Because greater benefits are anticipated for those with higher risk of colorectal cancer, scope for risk-specific surveillance recommendations exists. This review assesses published cost-effectiveness estimates of postpolypectomy surveillance to consider the potential for personalized recommendations by risk group. Meta-analyses of incidence of advanced neoplasia postpolypectomy for low-risk cases were comparable to those without adenoma, with both rates under the lifetime risk of 5%. This group may not benefit from intensive surveillance, which risks unnecessary harm and inefficient use of often scarce colonoscopy capacity. Therefore, greater personalization through deintensified strategies for low-risk individuals could be beneficial. The potential for noninvasive testing, such as fecal immunochemical tests, combined with primary prevention or chemoprevention may reserve colonoscopy for targeted use in personalized risk-stratified surveillance. This review appraised evidence supporting a program of personalized surveillance in patients with colorectal adenoma according to risk group and compared the effectiveness of surveillance colonoscopy with alternative prevention strategies. It assessed trade-offs among costs, benefits, and adverse effects that must be considered in a decision to adopt or reject personalized surveillance.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"148-160"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5858033/pdf/mxx002.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34907473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RE: "WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FIREARM LEGISLATION AND FIREARM-RELATED INJURIES?" 回答:“我们对枪支立法和枪支相关伤害之间的关系了解多少?”

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx011

引用次数: 4

The Health System and Policy Implications of Changing Epidemiology for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers in the United States From 1995 to 2016. 1995年至2016年美国口腔和口咽癌流行病学变化的卫生系统和政策影响

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxw001

Charles W LeHew, Darien J Weatherspoon, Caryn E Peterson, Abigail Goben, Karolina Reitmajer, Herve Sroussi, Linda M Kaste

{"title":"The Health System and Policy Implications of Changing Epidemiology for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers in the United States From 1995 to 2016.","authors":"Charles W LeHew, Darien J Weatherspoon, Caryn E Peterson, Abigail Goben, Karolina Reitmajer, Herve Sroussi, Linda M Kaste","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxw001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxw001","url":null,"abstract":"Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are typically grouped under the general term, \"oral cancer.\" Yet, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers is increasing in the United States, while the incidence of oral cavity cancers has declined. These 2 distinct but conflated groups of oral cancers are attributed to different risk factors. Incidence and survival trends were examined across US population groups and by anatomical subsite. Disparities in incidence and survival by sex, race/ethnicity, and subsite were identified. Risk factors are complex, interactive, and not fully identified. Cancer control research illustrates health disparities in access to care and patient outcomes. Database and supplemental searches yielded 433 articles published between 1995 and 2016 characterizing aspects of oral cancer epidemiology relating to incidence, survival, risk, disparities, and cancer control. Oral cavity cancer survival in black men remains the most intractable burden. Although understanding of oral cancer etiology is improving, application to policy is limited. Cancer control efforts are diverse, sporadic, limited in scope, and generally lacking in success, and they need stratification by oral cavity cancers/oropharyngeal cancers. Further intervention and epidemiologic research, improved workforce capacity, and integrated care delivery are identified as important directions for public health policy. Sustained, multilevel campaigns modeled on tobacco control success are suggested.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":"132-147"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxw001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34907468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36