Epidemiologic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Ethnoracial Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment Time and Survival: A Systematic Review With a DAG-based Causal Model.","authors":"Parisa M Hesari, Drexler James, Daniel J Lizotte, Greta R Bauer","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For interventions aimed at redressing health disparities in breast cancer to be effective, a clear understanding of the nature and causes of these disparities is required. Our question is: what is the current evidence for ethnoracial disparities in time-to-treatment initiation and survival in breast cancer, and how are the causal mechanisms of these disparities conceptualized in the literature? A comprehensive systematic search of studies on cohorts of female breast cancer patients diagnosed with stage I-III was performed. Directed acyclic graphs were used to describe implicit causal relationships between racial/ethnic group membership and time-to-treatment initiation and survival outcomes. This review revealed strong evidence for ethnoracial disparities in both time to treatment and survival among breast cancer patients. Unmeasured factors identified by the authors highlighted gaps in data sources and opportunities for causal reasoning. While the existing literature describes ethnoracial disparities, there is very limited discussion of causal mechanisms, and no discussion of system-level rather than individual-level effects. Addressing established ethnoracial disparities in breast cancer requires new research that explicitly considers the causal mechanisms of potential interventions, incorporating unmeasured factors contributing to these disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social determinants of suicide: an umbrella review.","authors":"Kerrie Gallagher, Grace Phillips, Paul Corcoran, Stephen Platt, Heather McClelland, Michelle O'Driscoll, Eve Griffin","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has highlighted the role of social determinants of health on mental health, but their impact on suicide is less understood. The aim of this umbrella review was to systematically examine the association between 10 social determinants of health, as defined by the World Health Organization, and suicide mortality. A key word search of titles and abstracts was conducted in six digital databases for studies published up to August 24, 2023. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the association between these determinants and suicide. Methodological quality was assessed using an adapted AMSTAR-2 tool. A narrative synthesis, structured by social determinant, was conducted. A total of 49 records (n = 25 meta-analyses and 24 systematic reviews) were included in this review. Determinants with the most available evidence were housing, basic amenities and the environment (n = 21); income and social protection (n = 13); unemployment (n = 8); and early childhood development (n = 6). Limited evidence was identified for education (n = 3), social inclusion and nondiscrimination (n = 3), and working-life conditions (n = 3). No reviews examined the relationship between affordable health care services, structural conflict, or food insecurity and suicide. There was evidence of a modest effect of social determinants on suicide mortality. Most evidence related to unemployment, job insecurity, income and social protection, and childhood adversity. The methodological quality of the included reviews varied considerably. High-quality research fully exploring the relationship between social and environmental factors and suicide risk is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age- and sex-stratified risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Taito Kitano, Daniel A Salmon, Matthew Z Dudley, Ian J Saldanha, David A Thompson, Lilly Engineer","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxae007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxae007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although COVID-19 vaccines are generally very safe, the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis after receiving an messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine have been established, with the highest risk in young men. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis have included passive surveillance data, which is subject to reporting errors. Accurate measures of age-, sex-, and vaccine dose- and type-specific risks are crucial for assessment of the benefits and risks of the vaccination. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable COVID-19 vaccines were conducted, stratified by age groups, sex, vaccine type, and vaccine dose. Five electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched on November 21, 2023. Article about studies that compared a COVID-19-vaccinated group with an unvaccinated group or time period (eg, self-controlled) were included. Passive surveillance data were excluded. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. A total of 4030 records were identified; ultimately, 17 articles were included in this review. Compared with unvaccinated groups or unvaccinated time periods, the highest attributable risk of myocarditis or pericarditis was observed after the second dose in boys aged 12-17 years (10.18 per 100 000 doses [95% CI, 0.50-19.87]) of the BNT162b2 vaccine and in young men aged 18-24 years (attributable risk, 20.02 per 100 000 doses [95% CI, 10.47-29.57]) for the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The stratified results based on active surveillance data provide the most accurate available estimates of the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to specific COVID-19 vaccinations for specific populations. Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) Identifier: CRD42023443343.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity during pregnancy and associated perinatal outcomes: a scoping review.","authors":"Eliza W Kinsey, Omaris M Caceres, Hannah E K Posner, Stefanie N Hinkle","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food insecurity disproportionately affects women during their reproductive years. Food insecurity is associated with many negative health outcomes in the general population, including hypertension, diabetes, depression, anxiety, and obesity, particularly in women, yet it remains unclear whether it has negative implications for perinatal outcomes. We conducted a systematic scoping review using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to identify studies of food insecurity and perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, birth weight, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and mental health outcomes during the perinatal and immediate postpartum periods, and breastfeeding initiation. Twenty-nine studies were included. There is consistent evidence that individuals experiencing food insecurity in the prenatal period are at greater risk for depression and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum. The findings were inconclusive for preterm delivery, birth weight, and other pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and gestational weight gain. This review highlights important data gaps related to the assessment of food insecurity in pregnancy that must be addressed to draw conclusions about potential perinatal outcomes among those experiencing food insecurity. More research is needed to understand the impacts of food insecurity on pregnancy outcomes and assess whether efforts to alleviate food insecurity improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of vitamin D in the prevention and control of dengue virus vectors and related diseases: a systematic review study.","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitos, remains a global health concern with no definitive treatment. Given the challenges in vaccine development and disease management, micronutrients such as vitamin D have emerged as potential adjunctive therapies because of their immunomodulatory properties. The effectiveness of vitamin D in the prevention and control of dengue fever was assessed in this systematic review by evaluating vitamin D's impact on immune responses, viral replication, and clinical outcomes. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, relevant studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies examining the association between vitamin D and DENV infection, disease severity, and immune modulation. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, enhanced macrophage responses, and modulated toll-like receptor activity. Higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower viral replication and milder clinical manifestations of dengue fever. Vitamin D demonstrates potential as an adjunctive therapy for dengue fever by modulating immune responses and reducing disease severity. More clinical trials are required to validate its therapeutic efficacy and determine optimal supplementation strategies. Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Review identifier: CRD42021231605.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting of participant race and ethnicity from COVID-19 randomized controlled drug and biologicals trials: a scoping review.","authors":"Shelly Melissa Pranić, Maria Dulce Estevão, Lenny T Vasanthan, Iván Pérez-Neri, Anika Pulumati, Fábio Antonio Serra de Lima Junior, Narges Malih, Vinayak Mishra, Jacqueline Thompson, Daniel Nnate","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxae006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxae006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionally burdened by hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Participation of individuals of diverse races and ethnicities in clinical trials, according to study-level characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that test effectiveness of COVID-19 drugs, could be insightful for future researchers. Our objective for this scoping review was to describe the frequency of race and ethnicity reported as demographic variables and specific reporting of race and ethnicity according to COVID-19 RCT characteristics. We conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, ProQuest, World Health Organization Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature via preprint servers from January 1, 2020, to May 4, 2022. We included RCTs on emergency- or conditionally approved COVID-19 drug interventions (remdesivir, baricitinib, and molnupiravir) with or without comparators. Self-reported race as American Indian/Pacific Islander, Asian, Black/African American, or White, ethnicity as Hispanic/Latinx, study design characteristics, and participant-relevant data were collected. In total, 17 RCTs with 17 935 participants were included. Most (n = 13; 76%) reported at least 1 race and ethnicity and were US-based, industry-funded RCTs. Asian, Black, Latinx, and White participants were mostly enrolled in RCTs that studied remdesivir. Native American and Hawaiian participants were mostly assessed for progression to high-flow oxygen/noninvasive ventilation. Time to recovery was assessed predominantly in Black and White participants, whereas hospitalization or death was mostly assessed in Asian, Latinx, and multirace participants. Trialists should be aware of RCT-level factors and characteristics that may be associated with low participation of racial and ethnic minorities, which could inform evidence-based interventions to increase minority participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes to Epidemiologic Reviews.","authors":"Lori E Biddle, Pablo Martinez-Amezcua, Ian J Saldanha, David C Celentano","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit and salt consumption are related to the risk of gastric cancer incidence in Asian populations: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.","authors":"Jialei Fu, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Dan Huang, Katherine De la Torre, Daehee Kang, Sangah Shin","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite a substantial body of research exploring individual food groups or dietary patterns in isolation, few studies have assessed the overall strength of the association between multiple dietary factors and gastric cancer risk. The aim for this meta-analysis was to identify the associations between dietary factors and gastric cancer risk in the Asian population. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to December 31, 2022. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% CIs were used to calculate pooled risk estimates, and Cochran's Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's tests were used to estimate publication bias. Through stepwise screening, 30 cohort studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Results indicated a high total fruit consumption may reduce gastric cancer risk by 11% (HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96), whereas high salt consumption potentially increases the risk by 97% (HR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.34-2.90) in the Asian population. However, no associations of the other 21 food groups and 2 dietary patterns (healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns) with gastric cancer risk were found. Overall, this review demonstrates that consumption of high amounts of fruit and low amounts of salt may effectively prevent gastric cancer incidence in the Asian population. More cohort studies based on the Asian population are required to confirm the association of fish, meat, coffee consumption, and dietary pattern with gastric cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Is racism a barrier to HIV care continuum engagement among Black People in the United States? A scoping review to assess the state of the science and inform a research agenda.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout among health care workers: unavoidable and solvable.","authors":"Karen B Kent, Ron Z Goetzel, Enid Chung Roemer, Alissa Wong","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burnout in health care workers is caused by a complex interplay of psychosocial, organizational, and broader environmental factors. Understanding these causes can help us develop coordinated, comprehensive, and effective solutions. Employers must assess the cost of burnout to their institution, acknowledge tradeoffs, communicate with their employees about burnout, and think comprehensively as they develop policy, programs, and environmental supports to mitigate burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}