Epidemiologic Reviews最新文献_第7页

Inclusionary Trials: A Review of Lessons Not Learned. 纳入试验：回顾未吸取的教训。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac007

Paris B Adkins-Jackson, Nancy J Burke, Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa, Juliana M Ison, Susan D Goold, Lisa G Rosas, Chyke A Doubeni, Arleen F Brown

{"title":"Inclusionary Trials: A Review of Lessons Not Learned.","authors":"Paris B Adkins-Jackson, Nancy J Burke, Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa, Juliana M Ison, Susan D Goold, Lisa G Rosas, Chyke A Doubeni, Arleen F Brown","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxac007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxac007","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic revealed weaknesses in the public health infrastructure of the United States, including persistent barriers to engaging marginalized communities toward inclusion in clinical research, including trials. Inclusive participation in clinical trials is crucial for promoting vaccine confidence, public trust, and addressing disparate health outcomes. A long-standing body of literature describes the value of community-based participatory research in increasing marginalized community participation in research. Community-based participatory research emphasizes shared leadership with community members in all phases of the research process, including in the planning and implementation, interpretation, and dissemination. Shared leadership between academic and industry with marginalized communities can assist with inclusive participation in vaccine trials and increase public trust in the development of the vaccines and other therapies used during public emergencies. Nevertheless, epidemiologic and clinical research do not yet have a strong culture of community partnership in the scientific process, which takes time to build and therefore may be difficult to develop and rapidly scale to respond to the pandemic. We outline practices that contribute to a lack of inclusive participation and suggest steps that trialists and other researchers can take to increase marginalized communities' participation in research. Practices include planning for community engagement during the planning and recruitment phases, having regular dialogues with communities about their priorities, supporting them throughout a study, and navigating complex structural determinants of health. Additionally, we discuss how research institutions can support inclusive practices by reexamining their policies to increase participation in clinical trials and instilling institutional trustworthiness.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7c/75/mxac007.PMC9494445.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9334315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CORRECTION TO "THE REVOLUTION WILL BE HARD TO EVALUATE: HOW CO-OCCURRING POLICY CHANGES AFFECT RESEARCH ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF SOCIAL POLICIES". 对"革命将难以评估:同时发生的政策变化如何影响社会政策对健康影响的研究"的更正。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac004

引用次数: 0

A Note from the Editor. 编辑的注释。

IF 9.6 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac012

David D Celentano

引用次数: 0

The Conundrum of Clinical Trials for the Uveitides: Appropriate Outcome Measures for One Treatment Used in Several Diseases. uvetides临床试验的难题：对几种疾病使用的一种治疗方法的适当结果测量。

IF 3.8 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac001

Douglas A Jabs, Meghan K Berkenstock, Michael M Altaweel, Janet T Holbrook, Elizabeth A Sugar

{"title":"The Conundrum of Clinical Trials for the Uveitides: Appropriate Outcome Measures for One Treatment Used in Several Diseases.","authors":"Douglas A Jabs, Meghan K Berkenstock, Michael M Altaweel, Janet T Holbrook, Elizabeth A Sugar","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxac001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxac001","url":null,"abstract":"The uveitides consist of >30 diseases characterized by intraocular inflammation. Noninfectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitides typically are treated with oral corticosteroids and immunosuppression, with a similar treatment approach for most diseases. Because these uveitides collectively are considered a rare disease, single-disease trials are difficult to impractical to recruit for, and most trials have included several different diseases for a given protocol treatment. However, measures of uveitis activity are disease specific, resulting in challenges for trial outcome measures. Several trials of investigational immunosuppressive drugs or biologic drugs have not demonstrated efficacy, but design problems with the outcome measures have limited the ability to interpret the results. Successful trials have included diseases for which a single uveitis activity measure suffices or a composite measure of uveitis activity is used. One potential solution to this problem is the use of a single, clinically relevant outcome, successful corticosteroid sparing, defined as inactive uveitis with a prednisone dose ≤7.5 mg/day coupled with disease-specific guidelines for determining inactive disease. The clinical relevance of this outcome is that active uveitis is associated with increased risks of visual impairment and blindness, and that prednisone doses ≤7.5 mg/day have a minimal risk of corticosteroid side effects. The consequence of this approach is that trial visits require a core set of measures for all participants and a disease-specific set of measures, both clinical and imaging, to assess uveitis activity. This approach is being used in the Adalimumab Versus Conventional Immunosuppression (ADVISE) Trial.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"2-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362938/pdf/mxac001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9907472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Measurement Error Elephant in the Room: Challenges and Solutions to Measurement Error in Epidemiology. 房间里的测量误差大象：流行病学中测量误差的挑战与解决方案》。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab011

Gabriel K Innes, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Bryan Lau, Alden L Gross, Derek K Ng, Alison G Abraham

引用次数: 4

A Systematic Review of Simulation Models to Track and Address the Opioid Crisis. 跟踪和应对阿片类药物危机的模拟模型系统回顾。

IF 5.2 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab013

Magdalena Cerdá, Mohammad S Jalali, Ava D Hamilton, Catherine DiGennaro, Ayaz Hyder, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Navdep Kaur, Christina Wang, Katherine M Keyes

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Simulation Models to Track and Address the Opioid Crisis.","authors":"Magdalena Cerdá, Mohammad S Jalali, Ava D Hamilton, Catherine DiGennaro, Ayaz Hyder, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Navdep Kaur, Christina Wang, Katherine M Keyes","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxab013","url":null,"abstract":"The opioid overdose crisis is driven by an intersecting set of social, structural, and economic forces. Simulation models are a tool to help us understand and address thiscomplex, dynamic, and nonlinear social phenomenon. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on simulation models of opioid use and overdose up to September 2019. We extracted modeling types, target populations, interventions, and findings; created a database of model parameters used for model calibration; and evaluated study transparency and reproducibility. Of the 1,398 articles screened, we identified 88 eligible articles. The most frequent types of models were compartmental (36%), Markov (20%), system dynamics (16%), and agent-based models (16%). Intervention cost-effectiveness was evaluated in 40% of the studies, and 39% focused on services for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). In 61% of the eligible articles, authors discussed calibrating their models to empirical data, and in 31%, validation approaches used in the modeling process were discussed. From the 63 studies that provided model parameters, we extracted the data sources on opioid use, OUD, OUD treatment, cessation or relapse, emergency medical services, and death parameters. From this database, potential model inputs can be identified and models can be compared with prior work. Simulation models should be used to tackle key methodological challenges, including the potential for bias in the choice of parameter inputs, investment in model calibration and validation, and transparency in the assumptions and mechanics of simulation models to facilitate reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"147-165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9005056/pdf/mxab013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9740227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Matching Methods for Confounder Adjustment: An Addition to the Epidemiologist's Toolbox. 混杂因素调整的匹配方法:流行病学家工具箱的补充。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab003

Noah Greifer, Elizabeth A Stuart

引用次数: 18

The Revolution Will Be Hard to Evaluate: How Co-Occurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies. 革命难以评估：同时发生的政策变化如何影响社会政策对健康影响的研究》（The Revolution Will Hard Evaluate: How Co-Occurcurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies）。

IF 9.6 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab009

Ellicott C Matthay, Erin Hagan, Spruha Joshi, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, Nancy Adler, M Maria Glymour

{"title":"The Revolution Will Be Hard to Evaluate: How Co-Occurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies.","authors":"Ellicott C Matthay, Erin Hagan, Spruha Joshi, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, Nancy Adler, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxab009","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive empirical health research leverages variation in the timing and location of policy changes as quasi-experiments. Multiple social policies may be adopted simultaneously in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be addressed analytically for valid inferences. The pervasiveness and consequences of co-occurring policies have received limited attention. We analyzed a systematic sample of 13 social policy databases covering diverse domains including poverty, paid family leave, and tobacco use. We quantified policy co-occurrence in each database as the fraction of variation in each policy measure across different jurisdictions and times that could be explained by covariation with other policies. We used simulations to estimate the ratio of the variance of effect estimates under the observed policy co-occurrence to variance if policies were independent. Policy co-occurrence ranged from very high for state-level cannabis policies to low for country-level sexual minority-rights policies. For 65% of policies, greater than 90% of the place-time variation was explained by other policies. Policy co-occurrence increased the variance of effect estimates by a median of 57-fold. Co-occurring policies are common and pose a major methodological challenge to rigorously evaluating health effects of individual social policies. When uncontrolled, co-occurring policies confound one another, and when controlled, resulting positivity violations may substantially inflate the variance of estimated effects. Tools to enhance validity and precision for evaluating co-occurring policies are needed.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/e9/mxab009.PMC8763115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9293536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies. 当所有事情同时发生时该怎么办：估算同时发生的社会政策对健康影响的分析方法》（What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies.

IF 9.6 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab005

Ellicott C Matthay, Laura M Gottlieb, David Rehkopf, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, M Maria Glymour

{"title":"What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies.","authors":"Ellicott C Matthay, Laura M Gottlieb, David Rehkopf, May Lynn Tan, David Vlahov, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxab005","url":null,"abstract":"Social policies have great potential to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Increasingly, those doing empirical research have sought to quantify the health effects of social policies by exploiting variation in the timing of policy changes across places. Multiple social policies are often adopted simultaneously or in close succession in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be handled analytically for valid inferences. Although this is a substantial methodological challenge for researchers aiming to isolate social policy effects, only in a limited number of studies have researchers systematically considered analytic solutions within a causal framework or assessed whether these solutions are being adopted. We designated 7 analytic solutions to policy co-occurrence, including efforts to disentangle individual policy effects and efforts to estimate the combined effects of co-occurring policies. We used an existing systematic review of social policies and health to evaluate how often policy co-occurrence is identified as a threat to validity and how often each analytic solution is applied in practice. Of the 55 studies, only in 17 (31%) did authors report checking for any co-occurring policies, although in 36 studies (67%), at least 1 approach was used that helps address policy co-occurrence. The most common approaches were adjusting for measures of co-occurring policies; defining the outcome on subpopulations likely to be affected by the policy of interest (but not other co-occurring policies); and selecting a less-correlated measure of policy exposure. As health research increasingly focuses on policy changes, we must systematically assess policy co-occurrence and apply analytic solutions to strengthen studies on the health effects of social policies.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/16/mxab005.PMC8763089.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10421339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Physical Activity in Adults Using Wrist Accelerometers. 使用腕部加速度计评估成人的身体活动。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab004

Fangyu Liu, Amal A Wanigatunga, Jennifer A Schrack

{"title":"Assessment of Physical Activity in Adults Using Wrist Accelerometers.","authors":"Fangyu Liu, Amal A Wanigatunga, Jennifer A Schrack","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxab004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxab004","url":null,"abstract":"The health benefits of physical activity (PA) have been widely recognized, yet traditional measures of PA, including questionnaires and category-based assessments of volume and intensity, provide only broad estimates of daily activities. Accelerometers have advanced epidemiologic research on PA by providing objective and continuous measurement of PA in free-living conditions. Wrist-worn accelerometers have become especially popular because of low participant burden. However, the validity and reliability of wrist-worn devices for adults have yet to be summarized. Moreover, accelerometer data provide rich information on how PA is accumulated throughout the day, but only a small portion of these rich data have been used by researchers. Last, new methodological developments are emerging that aim to overcome some of the limitations of accelerometers. In this review, we provide an overview of accelerometry research, with a special focus on wrist-worn accelerometers. We describe briefly how accelerometers work; summarize the validity and reliability of wrist-worn accelerometers; discuss the benefits of accelerometers, including measuring light-intensity PA; and discuss pattern metrics of daily PA recently introduced in the literature. A summary of large-scale cohort studies and randomized trials that implemented wrist-worn accelerometry is provided. We conclude the review by discussing new developments and directions of research using accelerometers, with a focus on wrist-worn accelerometers.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"65-93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8900289/pdf/mxab004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39064740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15