Epidemiologic Reviews最新文献_第9页

Postexposure Effects of Vaccines on Infectious Diseases. 疫苗对传染病的暴露后影响。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz014

Tara Gallagher, Marc Lipsitch

{"title":"Postexposure Effects of Vaccines on Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Tara Gallagher, Marc Lipsitch","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxz014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz014","url":null,"abstract":"We searched the PubMed database for clinical trials and observational human studies about postexposure vaccination effects, targeting infections with approved vaccines and vaccines licensed outside the United States against dengue, hepatitis E, malaria, and tick-borne encephalitis. Studies of animal models, serologic testing, and pipeline vaccines were excluded. Eligible studies were evaluated by definition of exposure; attempts to distinguish pre- and postexposure effects were rated on a scale of 1 to 4. We screened 4,518 articles and ultimately identified for this review 14 clinical trials and 31 observational studies spanning 7 of the 28 vaccine-preventable diseases. For secondary attack rate, the following medians were found for postexposure vaccination effectiveness: hepatitis A, 85% (interquartile range (IQR), 28; n = 5 sources); hepatitis B, 85% (IQR, 22; n = 5 sources); measles, 83% (IQR, 21; n = 8 sources); varicella, 67% (IQR: 48; n = 9 sources); smallpox, 45% (IQR, 39; n = 4 sources); and mumps, 38% (IQR, 7; n = 2 sources). For case fatality proportions resulting from rabies and smallpox, the median vaccine postexposure efficacies were 100% (IQR, 0; n = 6 sources) and 63% (IQR, 50; n = 8 sources), respectively. Many available vaccines can modify or preclude disease if administered after exposure. This postexposure effectiveness could be important to consider during vaccine trials and while developing new vaccines.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"13-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxz014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RE: "PREVALENCE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN PRISONERS". 回复:“囚犯中创伤后应激障碍的患病率”。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy007

引用次数: 81

Health Outcomes for Clients of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons. 监狱针头和注射器项目客户的健康结果。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx019

Jeffrey V Lazarus, Kelly Safreed-Harmon, Kristina L Hetherington, Daniel J Bromberg, Denise Ocampo, Niels Graf, Anna Dichtl, Heino Stöver, Hans Wolff

{"title":"Health Outcomes for Clients of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons.","authors":"Jeffrey V Lazarus, Kelly Safreed-Harmon, Kristina L Hetherington, Daniel J Bromberg, Denise Ocampo, Niels Graf, Anna Dichtl, Heino Stöver, Hans Wolff","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx019","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of drug dependence have been observed in the prison population globally, and the sharing of injecting drug equipment in prisons has contributed to higher prevalence of bloodborne diseases in prisoners than in the general population. Few prison needle and syringe programs (PNSPs) exist. We conducted a systematic review to assess evidence regarding health outcomes of PNSPs. We searched peer-reviewed databases for data relating to needle and syringe programs in prisons. The search methodology was conducted in accordance with accepted guidelines. Five studies met review inclusion criteria, and all presented evidence associating PNSPs with one or more health benefits, but the strength of the evidence was low. The outcomes for which the studies collectively demonstrated the strongest evidence were prevention of human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis. Few negative consequences from PNSPs were observed, consistent with previous evidence assessments. More research is needed on PNSP effectiveness, and innovative study designs are needed to overcome methodological limitations of previous research. Until stronger evidence becomes available, policymakers are urged to recognize that not implementing PNSPs has the potential to cause considerable harm, in light of what is currently known about the risks and benefits of needle and syringe programs and PNSPs and about the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in prisons.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36013244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

A Note From the Editors. 编辑们的注释。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy006

引用次数: 1

Substance Use During Imprisonment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. 低收入和中等收入国家监禁期间的物质使用情况。

IF 5.2 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx016

Adrian P Mundt, Gergo Baranyi, Caroline Gabrysch, Seena Fazel

{"title":"Substance Use During Imprisonment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Adrian P Mundt, Gergo Baranyi, Caroline Gabrysch, Seena Fazel","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/epirev/mxx016","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use disorders are among the most common health problems of people involved with the criminal justice system. Scaling up addiction services in prisons is a global public health and human rights challenge, especially in poorly resourced countries. We systematically reviewed the prevalence of substance use in prison populations in low- and middle-income countries. We searched for studies reporting prevalence rates of nicotine, alcohol, illicit drug, and injection drug use during imprisonment in unselected samples of imprisoned people in low- and middle-income countries. Data meta-analysis was conducted and sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression. Prevalence of nicotine use during imprisonment ranged from 5% to 87%, with a random-effects pooled estimate of 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 45, 66) with significant geographical heterogeneity. Alcohol use varied from 1% to 76% (pooled prevalence, 16%, 95% CI: 9, 25). Approximately one-quarter of people (25%; 95% CI: 17, 33; range, 0-78) used illicit drugs during imprisonment. The prevalence of injection drug use varied from 0% to 26% (pooled estimate, 1.6%, 95% CI: 0.8, 3.0). Lifetime substance use was investigated in secondary analyses. The high prevalence of smoking in prison suggests that policies regarding smoking need careful review. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of timely, scalable, and available treatments for alcohol and illegal drug use by people involved with the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5982797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35952714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions. 全球惩教场所吸烟:流行、禁令和干预措施。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy005

Anne C Spaulding, Gloria D Eldridge, Cynthia E Chico, Nancy Morisseau, Ana Drobeniuc, Rebecca Fils-Aime, Carolyn Day, Robyn Hopkins, Xingzhong Jin, Junyu Chen, Kate A Dolan

{"title":"Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions.","authors":"Anne C Spaulding, Gloria D Eldridge, Cynthia E Chico, Nancy Morisseau, Ana Drobeniuc, Rebecca Fils-Aime, Carolyn Day, Robyn Hopkins, Xingzhong Jin, Junyu Chen, Kate A Dolan","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxy005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxy005","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking tobacco contributes to 11.5% of deaths worldwide and, in some countries, more hospitalizations than alcohol and drugs combined. Globally in 2015, 25% of men and 5% of women smoked. In the United States, a higher proportion of people in prison smoke than do community-dwelling individuals. To determine smoking prevalence in prisons worldwide, we systematically reviewed the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines; we also examined whether prisons banned smoking or treated smokers. We searched databases for articles published between 2012 and 2016 and located 85 relevant articles with data representing 73.5% of all incarcerated persons from 50 countries. In 35 of 36 nations (97%) with published prevalence data, smoking for the incarcerated exceeded community rates 1.04- to 62.6-fold. Taking a conservative estimate of a 2-fold increase, we estimated that, globally, 14.5 million male and 26,000 female smokers pass through prisons annually. Prison authorities' responses include permitting, prohibiting, or treating tobacco use. Bans may temporarily improve health and reduce in-prison health care costs but have negligible effect after prison release. Evidence-based interventions for smoking cessation effective outside prisons are effective inside; effects persist after release. Because smoking prevalence is heightened in prisons, offering evidence-based interventions to nearly 15 million smokers passing through yearly would improve global health.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"82-95"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxy005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36085505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Prevalence of Drug Injection, Sexual Activity, Tattooing, and Piercing Among Prison Inmates. 监狱囚犯中注射毒品、性行为、纹身和穿孔的流行情况。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy002

Babak Moazen, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Marisa A Silbernagl, Masoud Lotfizadeh, Rebecca J Bosworth, Zahra Alammehrjerdi, Stuart A Kinner, Andrea L Wirtz, Till W Bärnighausen, Heino J Stöver, Kate A Dolan

{"title":"Prevalence of Drug Injection, Sexual Activity, Tattooing, and Piercing Among Prison Inmates.","authors":"Babak Moazen, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Marisa A Silbernagl, Masoud Lotfizadeh, Rebecca J Bosworth, Zahra Alammehrjerdi, Stuart A Kinner, Andrea L Wirtz, Till W Bärnighausen, Heino J Stöver, Kate A Dolan","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxy002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxy002","url":null,"abstract":"Prisoners engage in a range of risk behaviors that can lead to the transmission of viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic literature from 2007 to 2017 on 4 key risk behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus among prisoners globally: drug injection, sexual activity, tattooing, and piercing. Of 9,303 peer-reviewed and 4,150 gray literature publications, 140 and 14, respectively, met inclusion criteria covering 53 countries (28%). Regions with high levels of injection drug use were Asia Pacific (20.2%), Eastern Europe and Central Asia (17.3%), and Latin America and the Caribbean (11.3%), although the confidence interval for Latin America was high. Low levels of injection drug use in prison were found in African regions. The highest levels of sexual activity in prison were in Europe and North America (12.1%) and West and Central Africa (13.6%); low levels were reported from the Middle East and North African regions (1.5%). High levels of tattooing were reported from Europe and North America (14.7%), Asia Pacific (21.4%), and Latin America (45.4%). Prisons are burdened with a high prevalence of infectious diseases and risk behaviors for transmission of these diseases, and, commonly, a striking lack of evidence-based infection control measures, even when such measures are available in the surrounding community. Given that most prisoners return to these communities, failure to implement effective responses has repercussions not only prisoner health but also for public health.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxy002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36187840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

Dynamic Models of Infectious Disease Transmission in Prisons and the General Population. 监狱和一般人群传染病传播的动态模型。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx014

Martial L Ndeffo-Mbah, Vivian S Vigliotti, Laura A Skrip, Kate Dolan, Alison P Galvani

{"title":"Dynamic Models of Infectious Disease Transmission in Prisons and the General Population.","authors":"Martial L Ndeffo-Mbah, Vivian S Vigliotti, Laura A Skrip, Kate Dolan, Alison P Galvani","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx014","url":null,"abstract":"Incarcerated populations experience elevated burdens of infectious diseases, which are exacerbated by limited access to prevention measures. Dynamic models are used to assess the spread and control of diseases within correctional facilities and repercussions on the general population. Our systematic review of dynamic models of infectious diseases within correctional settings identified 34 studies published between 1996 and 2017. Of these, 23 focused on disease dynamics and intervention in prison without accounting for subsequent spread to the community. The main diseases modeled in these studies were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; n = 14, 41%), tuberculosis (TB; n = 10, 29%), and hepatitis C virus (HCV; n = 7, 21%). Models were fitted to epidemiologic data in 14 studies; uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were conducted in 8, and validation of model projection against empirical data was done in 1 study. According to the models, prison-based screening and treatment may be highly effective strategies for reducing the burden of HIV, TB, HCV, and other sexually transmissible infections among prisoners and the general community. Decreasing incarceration rates were projected to reduce HIV and HCV infections among people who inject drugs and TB infections among all prisoners. Limitations of the modeling studies and opportunities for using dynamic models to develop quantitative evidence for informing prison infection control measures are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":"40 1","pages":"40-57"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Parental Incarceration and Child Health in the United States. 美国的父母监禁与儿童健康

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx013

Christopher Wildeman, Alyssa W Goldman, Kristin Turney

{"title":"Parental Incarceration and Child Health in the United States.","authors":"Christopher Wildeman, Alyssa W Goldman, Kristin Turney","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxx013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx013","url":null,"abstract":"Mass incarceration has profoundly restructured the life courses of not only marginalized adult men for whom this event is now so prevalent but also their families. We examined research published from 2000 to 2017 on the consequences of parental incarceration for child health in the United States. In addition to focusing on specific health outcomes, we also considered broader indicators of child well-being because there has been little research on the association between parental incarceration and objectively measured child health outcomes. Our findings support 4 conclusions. First, paternal incarceration is negatively associated-possibly causally so-with a range of child health and well-being indicators. Second, although some research has suggested a negative association between maternal incarceration and child health, the evidence on this front is mixed. Third, although the evidence for average effects of paternal incarceration on child health and well-being is strong, research has also suggested that some key factors moderate the association between paternal incarceration and child health and well-being. Finally, because of the unequal concentration of parental incarceration and the negative consequences this event has for children, mass incarceration has increased both intracountry inequality in child health in the United States and intercountry inequality in child health between the United States and other developed democracies. In light of these important findings, investment in data infrastructure-with emphasis on data sets that include reliable measures of parental incarceration and child health and data sets that facilitate causal inferences-is needed to understand the child health effects of parental incarceration.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxx013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35992376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

Substance Use and Recidivism Outcomes for Prison-Based Drug and Alcohol Interventions. 基于监狱的药物和酒精干预措施的物质使用和再犯结果。

IF 5.5 2区医学

Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxy004

Dominique de Andrade, Jessica Ritchie, Michael Rowlands, Emily Mann, Leanne Hides

{"title":"Substance Use and Recidivism Outcomes for Prison-Based Drug and Alcohol Interventions.","authors":"Dominique de Andrade, Jessica Ritchie, Michael Rowlands, Emily Mann, Leanne Hides","doi":"10.1093/epirev/mxy004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxy004","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a systematic review to examine the substance use and recidivism outcomes of prison-based substance use interventions. We searched public health, criminology, and psychology databases, and conducted forward and backward snowballing methods to identify additional studies. Studies were included if they were published between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2017; were published in English; and reported substance use and/or recidivism outcomes of prison-based substance use interventions. Studies were reviewed for methodological rigor using the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Our search returned 49 studies: 6 were methodologically strong, 20 were moderate, and 23 were weak. Results suggest therapeutic communities are effective in reducing recidivism and, to a lesser extent substance use after release. There is also evidence to suggest that opioid maintenance treatment is effective in reducing the risk of drug use after release from prison for opioid users. Furthermore, care after release from prison appears to enhance treatment effects for both types of interventions. Results provide evidence that policymakers can use to make informed decisions on best-practice approaches when addressing prisoner substance dependence and improving long-term outcomes. This comprehensive review highlights the difficulties of conducting quality research in the prison setting and suggests innovative study design for future research.","PeriodicalId":50510,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/epirev/mxy004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36078170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47