V. I. Romansky, A. M. Bykov, S. M. Osipov, A. A. Lutovinov
{"title":"Can Fast Blue Optical Transients be Cosmic Pevatrons?","authors":"V. I. Romansky, A. M. Bykov, S. M. Osipov, A. A. Lutovinov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711547","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The new class of recently discovered astrophysical objects—fast blue optical transients (FBOT) demonstrated a high luminosity of radio and X-ray radiation and the expansion velocities above 0.1 c over a year time scale. They are likely sub-class of core-collapse supernova events. We present here results of modeling of particle acceleration in mildly-relativistic shocks associated with FBOTs. It is shown, that objects with mildly-relativistic shocks can be possible sources of particles with energies above 1 PeV, and emit detectable fluxes of hard X-ray radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"993 - 997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. A. Vlasova, E. A. Ginzburg, E. I. Daibog, K. B. Kaportseva, Yu. I. Logachev, I. N. Myagkova
{"title":"Some Features of the Solar Proton Event of August 27, 2022","authors":"G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. A. Vlasova, E. A. Ginzburg, E. I. Daibog, K. B. Kaportseva, Yu. I. Logachev, I. N. Myagkova","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711262","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The solar proton event of August 27, 2022, was recorded by spacecraft near the Earth, as well as by the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft located at 0.38 AU from the Sun. During this event, a rare phenomenon was observed, namely, the acceleration of protons to energies of tens of MeV in interplanetary space, presumably, between the converging shock fronts. An unusual delay was also observed in the fluxes of solar protons with energies above 10 MeV as measured by satellites in Earth orbit in comparison with the proton fluxes measured by spacecraft at the L1 Lagrange point.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"839 - 842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Search for Variations in the Frequency of Registering Delayed Particles at the MSU Extensive Air Shower Array","authors":"G. K. Garipov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711365","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Moscow State University (MSU) Extensive Air Shower (EAS) array is used to study the temporal distributions of particles in extensive air showers (EASes) with energies greater than 10<sup>14</sup> eV. Delayed particles are registered in ~3.5% of all EASes. The flash observed in the frequency of their registration from 1986 to 1990 with a maximum in 1987 is discussed. The fine structure of flash decay consists of a series of bursts of quasi-periodic damped oscillations with periods of ∼4 days and durations of ∼32.5 days. The frequency of EAS registration does not change within the limits of statistical error.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"913 - 915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Chernov, T. A. Kolodkin, V. A. Ivanov, C. G. Azra, E. A. Bonvech, O. V. Cherkesova, V. I. Galkin, E. L. Entina, N. O. Ovcharenko, D. A. Podgrudkov, T. M. Roganova, M. D. Ziva
{"title":"SPHERE-3 Project for Primary Cosmic Rays Mass Composition Studies a 1–1000 PeV. 2024 Status","authors":"D. V. Chernov, T. A. Kolodkin, V. A. Ivanov, C. G. Azra, E. A. Bonvech, O. V. Cherkesova, V. I. Galkin, E. L. Entina, N. O. Ovcharenko, D. A. Podgrudkov, T. M. Roganova, M. D. Ziva","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711560","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The new SPHERE-3 detector for primary cosmic ray’s mass composition studies is in development. The current version of the new SPHERE-3 detector and corresponding data analysis approaches are presented along with first estimations of their performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"1002 - 1006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. I. Arkhangelskiy, I. V. Arkhangelskaja, A. V. Bakaldin, V. A. Baskov, S. A. Voronov, M. G. Korotkov, A. I. L’vov, N. Yu. Pappe, S. I. Suchkov, Yu. T. Yurkin
{"title":"High-Energy Event Registration System of a Gamma-Ray Space Telescope","authors":"A. I. Arkhangelskiy, I. V. Arkhangelskaja, A. V. Bakaldin, V. A. Baskov, S. A. Voronov, M. G. Korotkov, A. I. L’vov, N. Yu. Pappe, S. I. Suchkov, Yu. T. Yurkin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711377","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design is described and the main measurement results are reported for a prototype of a high-energy event registration system of a gamma-ray space telescope on the positron beam of the S‑25R Pakhra synchrotron, Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The prototype includes anticoincidence and time-of-flight systems, a pre-shower detector, and a calorimeter based on BC-408, BGO, and CsI(Tl) scintillators with the corresponding front-end and processing electronics units. Silicon photomultiplier matrices are used as photo sensors of all scintillation detectors of the prototype.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"916 - 921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Ivanova, I. I. Astapov, P. A. Bezyazeekov, A. V. Blinov, E. A. Bonvech, A. N. Borodin, N. M. Budnev, A. V. Bulan, P. V. Busygin, D. V. Chernov, A. Chiavassa, A. R. Gafarov, A. Yu. Garmash, V. M. Grebenyuk, O. A. Gress, T. I. Gress, E. O. Gress, A. A. Grinyuk, O. G. Grishin, A. N. Dyachok, V. A. Erofeeva, A. D. Ivanova, M. A. Iliushin, I. A. Kabannik, N. N. Kalmykov, V. V. Kindin, S. N. Kiryuhin, V. A. Kozhin, K. G. Kompaniets, E. E. Korosteleva, E. A. Kravchenko, A. P. Kryukov, L. A. Kuzmichev, M. V. Lavrova, A. A. Lagutin, Yu. E. Lemeshev, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, N. B. Lubsandorzhiev, A. D. Lukanov, S. D. Malakhov, R. R. Mirgazov, R. D. Monkhoev, E. A. Okuneva, E. A. Osipova, A. Pan, A. D. Panov, L. V. Pankov, A. L. Pakhorukov, A. A. Petrukhin, D. A. Podgrudkov, I. A. Poddubnyi, V. A. Poleshchuk, E. G. Popova, E. B. Postnikov, V. V. Prosin, A. A. Pushnin, R. I. Raikin, A. V. Razumov, G. I. Rubtsov, E. V. Ryabov, I. Satyshev, V. S. Samoliga, A. V. Shaikovskii, M. V. Shulga, A. Yu. Sidorenkov, A. A. Silaev, A. A. Silaev Jr., A. V. Skurikhin, A. V. Sokolov, L. G. Sveshnikova, V. A. Tabolenko, A. B. Tanaev, M. Yu. Ternovoy, L. G. Tkachev, N. A. Ushakov, N. V. Volkov, P. A. Volchugov, D. M. Voronin, I. I. Yashin, A. V. Zagorodnikov, V. N. Zirakashvili, D. P. Zhurov
{"title":"Investigation of the Spatiotemporal Structure of Extensive Atmospheric Showers According to Data from the Tunka-Grande Array","authors":"A. L. Ivanova, I. I. Astapov, P. A. Bezyazeekov, A. V. Blinov, E. A. Bonvech, A. N. Borodin, N. M. Budnev, A. V. Bulan, P. V. Busygin, D. V. Chernov, A. Chiavassa, A. R. Gafarov, A. Yu. Garmash, V. M. Grebenyuk, O. A. Gress, T. I. Gress, E. O. Gress, A. A. Grinyuk, O. G. Grishin, A. N. Dyachok, V. A. Erofeeva, A. D. Ivanova, M. A. Iliushin, I. A. Kabannik, N. N. Kalmykov, V. V. Kindin, S. N. Kiryuhin, V. A. Kozhin, K. G. Kompaniets, E. E. Korosteleva, E. A. Kravchenko, A. P. Kryukov, L. A. Kuzmichev, M. V. Lavrova, A. A. Lagutin, Yu. E. Lemeshev, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, N. B. Lubsandorzhiev, A. D. Lukanov, S. D. Malakhov, R. R. Mirgazov, R. D. Monkhoev, E. A. Okuneva, E. A. Osipova, A. Pan, A. D. Panov, L. V. Pankov, A. L. Pakhorukov, A. A. Petrukhin, D. A. Podgrudkov, I. A. Poddubnyi, V. A. Poleshchuk, E. G. Popova, E. B. Postnikov, V. V. Prosin, A. A. Pushnin, R. I. Raikin, A. V. Razumov, G. I. Rubtsov, E. V. Ryabov, I. Satyshev, V. S. Samoliga, A. V. Shaikovskii, M. V. Shulga, A. Yu. Sidorenkov, A. A. Silaev, A. A. Silaev Jr., A. V. Skurikhin, A. V. Sokolov, L. G. Sveshnikova, V. A. Tabolenko, A. B. Tanaev, M. Yu. Ternovoy, L. G. Tkachev, N. A. Ushakov, N. V. Volkov, P. A. Volchugov, D. M. Voronin, I. I. Yashin, A. V. Zagorodnikov, V. N. Zirakashvili, D. P. Zhurov","doi":"10.1134/S106287382571164X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106287382571164X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive atmospheric showers with a complex spatiotemporal structure are studied by data of the Tunka-Grande scintillation array. During the considered events registered in detectors of the Tunka-Grande facility, pulses with a multipeak structure and multipulse signals are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"879 - 883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iron Nuclei in Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Near the Earth","authors":"A. V. Uryson","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711353","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The propagation of cosmic iron nuclei with energies above 10<sup>19</sup> eV from their sources to the Galaxy is discussed by assuming that cosmic rays at ultra-high energies are of extragalactic origin. In extragalactic space, cosmic nuclei interact with background emissions and inevitably fragment. An analysis is performed of the fraction of iron nuclei reaching the Earth and how its energy depends on the distance from cosmic ray sources. It is found that energies of iron nuclei can be used to determine restriction on the distances from their sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"904 - 906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Malakhov, A. A. Leonov, A. G. Mayorov, V. V. Mikhailov
{"title":"Method of Reconstruction of Unidirectional Flux in the Earth’s Radiation Belts in Gyrocenter Approximation","authors":"V. V. Malakhov, A. A. Leonov, A. G. Mayorov, V. V. Mikhailov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711493","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We presented an extension of our method of reconstruction of anisotropic fluxes in the Earth’s radiation belts (ERB) to the gyrocenter approximation, which is necessary to calculate fluxes using geomagnetic parameters measured at the gyrocenter of registered particles. The main issue of such an analysis is to find the connection between coordinate grids of local observable parameters and gyrocenter ones defining the fluxes in the ERB. The main complication here compared to the local case is that the observable range of local parameters (pitch- and gyro-angles) depends on three parameters (L-shell and equatorial pitch angle at gyrocenter, and particles’ energy), which leads to the regular rectangular coordinate grid of geomagnetic parameters at gyrocenter converting into an irregular nonrectangular grid of local observable geomagnetic parameters. In the article, we describe in detail the developed algorithm for establishing such a connection for any point of near-Earth space and any orientation of an instrument with a known field of view (FoV) cone. We reconstructed a set of local grids corresponding to a fixed gyrocenter parameters grid along the trajectory of the PAMELA spectrometer in the ERB and showed a great variability of observable parameter space at the gyrocenter. Our analysis demonstrated that using local geomagnetic parameters for the calculation of proton fluxes with energies higher than 100 MeV in the ERB can significantly distort measured fluxes and might be one of the reasons for discrepancies between different measurements in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"972 - 976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. P. Volkov, D. M. Gromushkin, V. V. Kindin, A. Yu. Konovalova, P. S. Kuzmenkova, Yu. N. Mishutina, E. S. Morgunov, N. A. Pasyuk, E. P. Khomchuk, S. S. Khokhlov, I. A. Shulzhenko
{"title":"Analysis of the Powerful Forbush Decreases of 2024, Based on Data from Unshielded Neutron Detectors at the Experimental Complex NEVOD","authors":"E. P. Volkov, D. M. Gromushkin, V. V. Kindin, A. Yu. Konovalova, P. S. Kuzmenkova, Yu. N. Mishutina, E. S. Morgunov, N. A. Pasyuk, E. P. Khomchuk, S. S. Khokhlov, I. A. Shulzhenko","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711237","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Neutron and PRISMA-36 facilities consisting of unshielded neutron detectors are now operating at the Experimental Complex NEVOD (MEPhI, Moscow). Results from analyzing two of the most powerful Forbush decreases detected at these facilities in the first half of 2024 are presented and compared to data from the Moscow neutron monitor. The dependence obtained for the amplitude of a disturbance on the thickness of the substance above a detector is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"826 - 829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Technogenic Factors Affecting the Gamma Quanta Count Rate in the LSD and LVD Underground Experiments","authors":"N. Yu. Agafonova, E. A. Dobrynina, V. F. Yakushev","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711183","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis is performed of the gamma quanta count rate at energies above 0.5 MeV from the underground LSD (operated from 1984 to 1999) and LVD (data collected from 1992 to the present) facilities. These detectors had the same structure and identical scintillation counter modules with volumes of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup>. They were ∼700 km from each other in regions of Italy with different seismic activities under different mountain ranges, and had different ventilation systems. Data from both detectors are presented for 1997. The effect the ventilation systems had on variations in the concentration of radon in the underground premises is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"803 - 806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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