R. A. Usmanov, A. V. Gavrikov, A. P. Oiler, V. P. Smirnov, R. A. Timirkhanov, M. A. Valinurov
{"title":"Diagnostics of the Plasma Mass Separation Process in Configuration with Potential Well","authors":"R. A. Usmanov, A. V. Gavrikov, A. P. Oiler, V. P. Smirnov, R. A. Timirkhanov, M. A. Valinurov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701625","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive diagnostics system for monitoring plasma mass separation process is described. With the help of the system the mass separation effect of a binary silver-lead mixture, simulating spent nuclear fuel components, in a crossed <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> field configuration with a potential well is successfully demonstrated. The mass separation effect was verified by three independent diagnostic methods: spatial distribution of silver and lead deposited on the collector, ion current analysis, and deposited mass measurement. The results hold significant promise for application in nuclear energy sector as a novel stage in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1635 - 1641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. N. Tchaikovskaya, E. N. Bocharnikova, V. I. Solomonov, A. V. Spirina, I. E. Filatov, A. S. Makarova, A. I. Lipchak, S. A. Chaikovsky
{"title":"Induced Transformation of Chloramphenicol under Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation","authors":"O. N. Tchaikovskaya, E. N. Bocharnikova, V. I. Solomonov, A. V. Spirina, I. E. Filatov, A. S. Makarova, A. I. Lipchak, S. A. Chaikovsky","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701790","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The radiation-induced transformations of chloramphenicol immobilized on a silica gel substrate under the action of a pulsed electron beam is studied. The experiment is performed using the CLAVI setup (Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg). Chloramphenicol samples is applied to thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates. Electron beam parameters is varied using aluminum foil placed in front of the sample substrate. After irradiation, solid-phase extraction of the substance from the plate surface is performed with distilled water and ethyl alcohol. The resulting solutions are analyzed using spectroscopy, reaction with the Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, and TLC. It was shown that irradiation with an electron beam (170 keV) leads to the degradation of chloramphenicol with the formation of new compounds, including phenolic derivatives. After 1600 electron beam pulses, the chloramphenicol residue was 77.6% with the foil and 46.3% without the foil. Emitting products in the ranges of 330, 410, and 450 nm were isolated using fluorescence. These data demonstrate the high reactivity of chloramphenicol in a solid-phase system under the influence of electron beams and open prospects for the development of radiation-based methods for the degradation of solid pharmaceutical contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1756 - 1763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1062873826701790.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. F. Punanov, R. V. Emlin, P. A. Morozov, V. D. Kulikov, S. S. Gostev, A. S. Zabolotnov
{"title":"Breakdown Features of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene under Nanosecond Pulses","authors":"I. F. Punanov, R. V. Emlin, P. A. Morozov, V. D. Kulikov, S. S. Gostev, A. S. Zabolotnov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701583","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We considered the electrical breakdown of polyethylene with a molecular weight of up to 10<sup>7</sup> g/mol under the application of nanosecond pulses of high voltage. We show that for ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE), the velocity of the breakdown channel propagation increases as the molecular weight and the length of the carbon chain within the molecule increase. This result correlates with the idea of the model of breakdown channel propagation, which implies the expansion of the space charge area due to a high local electric field and consequent Auger transitions in the valence band of the dielectric. The transport of the holes and electrons seems to be eased if carried out along the carbon backbone of the polymer molecule. The longer the molecule, the higher the average velocity of the breakdown channel propagation in the polymer dielectric due to the reduction of the number of traps for electrons represented by the ends of the molecules or quasicrystalline structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1607 - 1614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. G. Korzhova, O. A. Laput, I. V. Vasenina, Yu. H. Akhmadeev, I. I. Azhazha, I. A. Kurzina
{"title":"Low-Temperature Plasma as a Method for Activating the Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Surface for Immobilization of Hyaluronic Acid","authors":"A. G. Korzhova, O. A. Laput, I. V. Vasenina, Yu. H. Akhmadeev, I. I. Azhazha, I. A. Kurzina","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701650","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A surface modification technique of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) intended for medical use is considered. The surface was treated with nitrogen plasma from an arc discharge in order to form reactive groups. Then hyaluronic acid immobilization on the ePTFE surface was carried out. Using X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy methods, it has been established that after plasma treatment, nitrogen and oxygen atoms are incorporated into the surface, polar nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups appeared, as well as hyaluronic acid molecules successfully attached. Improved wettability of the ePTFE surface, including increased surface energy, was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1659 - 1665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pulsed X-ray Tubes in Metal-Ceramic Design","authors":"D. S. Makhanko, B. A. Kozlov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701819","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis of the disadvantages of mass-produced metal-glass pulsed X-ray tubes with explosive emission was carried out, which made it possible to find technical solutions in the development of pulsed metal-ceramic tubes with improved technical characteristics. The developed pulse X-ray tubes are characterized by an increased resource and are used in domestic X-ray flaw detection equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1774 - 1778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Plasma Parameters of Plasma Diffuse Jets and Red Columnar Sprites","authors":"V. F. Tarasenko, E. Kh. Baksht, D. A. Sorokin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701601","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The last decades much attention has been paid to the study of pulse discharges that are observed in the Earth’s atmosphere. For experimental modeling of these discharges, a setup based on discharge chamber made of quartz tubes with an internal diameter of 5 cm and different lengths were used. The generator produced voltage pulses with a duration of 1.5 µs at a repetition rate up to 21 kHz. The studies were carried out for discharge combustion modes in which plasma diffuse jets (PDJs) consisting of sequentially propagating streamers (ionization waves) were formed in the tube. The radiation spectra of PDJs’ plasma at air pressures of 0.02–2 Torr were recorded in the range of 250–1000 nm. These data were used to determine the electron temperature and the reduced electric field strength in different discharge regions. In addition, the voltage across a gap and discharge current through it were also measured. Propagation velocities of PDJs’ fronts were determined. Research with various PDJs implementations has shown the possibility of modeling some properties of columnar sprites. The results can be used as additional information about various factors that affect the properties of sprites.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1623 - 1628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Electrode Geometry on Streamer Discharge Characteristics in Long Air Gaps under Positive Lightning Impulse Voltage","authors":"R. Zhang, Y. Ding, J. Dong, Z. Li, T. Lei, X. Yao","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701637","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The discharge behavior of long air gaps under positive lightning impulse voltage is fundamental to insulation design and lightning protection in extra- and ultra-high-voltage power systems and is strongly governed by electrode configuration. To elucidate the regulation mechanism of electrode geometry on the positive streamer development process, this study establishes a multi-parameter synchronous measurement platform for long-gap impulse discharge. Positive lightning impulse experiments are conducted using hemispherical and conical electrodes, and the transient electric-field distribution and its spatiotemporal evolution are further analyzed through numerical simulations. The results indicate that the hemispherical electrode tends to generate pronounced branching at the inception stage, producing tree-like streamer trajectories. In contrast, the sharper field enhancement at the tip of the conical electrode leads to more diffused, weakly branched streamers. The hemispherical electrode exhibits a higher initial streamer velocity followed by rapid attenuation, whereas the conical electrode yields a lower inception velocity but a more gradual decay. Moreover, the hemispherical electrode produces a wider high-field region with a lower peak value, facilitating multi-channel electron expansion; the conical electrode concentrates the high-field region near its tip, strengthening axial guidance and suppressing branching. These findings provide theoretical and experimental insights for understanding long-gap discharge characteristics under lightning impulses and for optimizing external insulation structures, electrode design, and engineering insulation coordination.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1642 - 1653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiation Magnetic Gas Dynamics Simulation of Plasma Jets","authors":"O. G. Olkhovskaya","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701777","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plasma jets obtained at pulsed power facilities are considered. This is one of the most relevant areas of laboratory astrophysics, namely the study of astrophysical jets. The work is devoted to numerical simulation of plasma jets formed by a high-current vacuum arc discharge. Radiation magnetic gas dynamics models are applied. The use of wide-range equations of state and improved models of radiative energy transfer provided calculated results comparable with experimental data and evaluation of the similarity criteria of astrophysical and laboratory jets. Experiments with hydrogen jets, which best correspond to astrophysical prototypes, seem to be the most promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1744 - 1750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya. V. Fattakhov, A. R. Fakhrutdinov, D. A. Konovalov, V. L. Odivanov, V. A. Shagalov, A. A. Bayazitov, F. V. Bashirov, V. A. Markosyan, V. M. Vodovozov, A. V. Pavlenko, R. F. Kurunov, V. M. Baev, M. V. Kuleshov, V. V. Eremkin
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lungs of Laboratory Animals Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe","authors":"Ya. V. Fattakhov, A. R. Fakhrutdinov, D. A. Konovalov, V. L. Odivanov, V. A. Shagalov, A. A. Bayazitov, F. V. Bashirov, V. A. Markosyan, V. M. Vodovozov, A. V. Pavlenko, R. F. Kurunov, V. M. Baev, M. V. Kuleshov, V. V. Eremkin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701406","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents some stages of the preparation of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, originally designed to operate on protons, for research conducted on hyperpolarized xenon-129 nuclei. Computer applications have been developed for interacting with the equipment of the MRI system and creating pulse programs. A device has been created to produce hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe. The technology of tracheostomy of laboratory animals has been developed to ensure their respiration when obtaining magnetic resonance images of the lungs. Experiments were conducted on the upgraded MRI system, and one of the images obtained from examining the lungs of a laboratory animal is demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1463 - 1470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Obraztsov, A. A. Safronov, Yu. D. Dudnik, N. Y. Bykov, V. N. Shiryaev, A. V. Surov, O. B. Vasilieva
{"title":"Analysis of Plasma Dynamics in an Alternating Current Plasma Torch at Atmospheric Pressure","authors":"N. V. Obraztsov, A. A. Safronov, Yu. D. Dudnik, N. Y. Bykov, V. N. Shiryaev, A. V. Surov, O. B. Vasilieva","doi":"10.1134/S1062873826701571","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873826701571","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper deals with modeling the dynamics of changes in plasma parameters occurring in the channels and in the electric arc chamber of a two-housing AC plasma torch at atmospheric pressure. A numerical calculation of the key parameters of gas-discharge processes was performed, characterizing the distribution of temperature fields and arc voltage drop in the plasma torch’s working zone. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with experimentally measured parameters confirms the validity of the developed model and its suitability for improving existing plasma torch designs, as well as for developing of a new plasma technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"90 9","pages":"1600 - 1606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}