Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study of Galactic Cosmic Ray Fluxes in the Solar Modulation Energy Range","authors":"D. M. Podorozhny,&nbsp;A. V. Gorbunov,&nbsp;V. V. Kalegaev,&nbsp;D. E. Karmanov,&nbsp;I. M. Kovalev,&nbsp;A. A. Kurganov,&nbsp;A. D. Panov,&nbsp;M. V. Podzolko,&nbsp;A. N. Turundaevsky","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711407","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new approach was proposed to the development of scientific equipment for the study of galactic and solar cosmic ray fluxes in the solar modulation energy range (30–1000 MeV/nucleon) with element-by-element charge and mass resolution. The equipment was proposed to be placed on the ROS Russian space station (Modulation project) and on the MNLS international scientific lunar station (Moon–Modulation project), if it is created. The projects involve the creation of a database of galactic and solar cosmic rays (SCR) for the entire solar activity cycle. Such a database is necessary to improve numerical models of fluxes of energetic heliospheric particles in interplanetary and near-Earth space.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"933 - 938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characteristics of Forbush Decreases Based on the Data from AMS-02 Experiment and the Fluxes of Solar Cosmic Rays Based on GOES-15 Data","authors":"D. N. Dorosheva,&nbsp;I. V. Arkhangelskaja,&nbsp;V. V. Borog","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711419","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711419","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis of the dependence of the amplitudes of ten strongest Forbush decreases (preceded by halo-type CMEs) in the fluxes of protons and helium nuclei according to AMS-02 data on the magnetic rigidity of particles showed that this dependence is well approximated by a power function (as was shown in the PAMELA experiment) in the rigidity range from 1 to 10–12 GV. The exponent of this function is in the range from –0.38 ± 0.02 to –0.68 ± 0.04 for protons and from –0.41 ± 0.03 to –0.79 ± 0.04 for helium nuclei. But in a wider range of rigidity up to 20 GV, such an approximation ensures a significance level of 90–92% for protons and 90–96% for helium nuclei. Therefore, over the entire range of rigidity, exponential functions (providing a 95–99% significance level both for protons and helium nuclei) should be used. Comparison of time series for protons according to AMS-02 and GOES-15 data shows that SEP and SPE against the background of Forbush decreases are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"939 - 944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Search of Correlations of Solar Activity with 55Fe, 60Co Nucleus Decay Parameters","authors":"S. N. Mayburov,&nbsp;E. I. Demikhov,&nbsp;A. S. Kubankin,&nbsp;I. A. Kishin,&nbsp;Yu. E. Titarenko,&nbsp;K. V. Pavlov,&nbsp;V. M. Zhivun,&nbsp;Ya. O. Zaricki","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711213","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temporal variations of nuclei decay parameters are actively studied now; their detection may be a signal of new physical effects of cosmic origin. Correlations of ⁶⁰Co, ⁵⁴Mn, and ⁵⁵Fe weak decay parameters with solar activity, in particular with solar flares, were observed earlier. In our work, correlations of X-class solar flares with ⁶⁰Co and ⁵⁵Fe decay rate variations are measured via decay γ-ray detection by semiconductor detectors. For ⁵⁵Fe decay eight significant deviations of decay counting rate from the expected rate observed at the level ∼0.2% during 48–96 h, correlated with solar flares. For ⁶⁰Co decay four analogous flare events were detected with deviations at the level of ∼0.4%. All decay rate deviations have advanced character and begin from 30 to 155 h before solar flare moments at confidence level of 90%.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"817 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Connection of Bidecadal Oscillations of Cyclone Trajectories in the North Atlantic with the Magnetic Hale Cycle and Cosmic Ray Variations","authors":"S. V. Veretenenko,&nbsp;P. B. Dmitriev","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711511","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compared changes in the latitudinal position of the main trajectories (storm tracks) of extratropical cyclones in the North Atlantic with the magnetic Hale cycle on the Sun. It was shown that bidecadal oscillations in latitudes of storm tracks are due to a northward shift of cyclone trajectories during the descending phase of even 11-year cycles, when the intensity of galactic cosmic ray fluxes is higher compared with that in odd cycles. The obtained results suggest an important part of cosmic rays in solar-climatic links.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"981 - 985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EAS Size Spectrum Obtained by the NEVOD-EAS Array Data","authors":"E. A. Yuzhakova,&nbsp;M. B. Amelchakov,&nbsp;A. G. Bogdanov,&nbsp;A. Chiavassa,&nbsp;D. M. Gromushkin,&nbsp;A. N. Dmitrieva,&nbsp;S. Yu. Zhezhera,&nbsp;A. Yu. Konovalova,&nbsp;K. R. Nugaeva,&nbsp;S. S. Khokhlov,&nbsp;E. P. Khomchuk,&nbsp;I. A. Shulzhenko","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711584","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We presented the size spectrum of extensive air showers obtained by the data of the NEVOD-EAS array for the period of its operation from 2018 to 2023. It is compared with the data from other experiments: EAS-TOP, MAKET-ANI and KASCADE. A method for reconstructing the main parameters of extensive air showers is described. The accuracy of air-shower arrival direction, axis coordinates, age and size reconstruction, obtained using the simulated data, is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"1011 - 1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum and Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays, According to Data from the TAIGA-HiSCORE Array","authors":"V. V. Prosin,&nbsp;I. I. Astapov,&nbsp;P. A. Bezyazeekov,&nbsp;A. V. Blinov,&nbsp;A. N. Borodin,&nbsp;E. A. Bonvech,&nbsp;N. M. Budnev,&nbsp;A. V. Bulan,&nbsp;N. V. Volkov,&nbsp;P. A. Volchugov,&nbsp;D. M. Voronin,&nbsp;A. R. Gafarov,&nbsp;E. O. Gress,&nbsp;O. A. Gress,&nbsp;T. I. Gress,&nbsp;A. A. Grinyuk,&nbsp;O. G. Grishin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Garmash,&nbsp;V. M. Grebenyuk,&nbsp;A. N. Dyachok,&nbsp;D. P. Zhurov,&nbsp;A. V. Zagorodnikov,&nbsp;V. N. Zirakashvili,&nbsp;A. D. Ivanova,&nbsp;A. L. Ivanova,&nbsp;M. A. Iliushin,&nbsp;N. N. Kalmykov,&nbsp;V. V. Kindin,&nbsp;S. N. Kiryuhin,&nbsp;R. P. Kokoulin,&nbsp;N. I. Kolosov,&nbsp;K. G. Kompaniets,&nbsp;E. E. Korosteleva,&nbsp;V. A. Kozhin,&nbsp;E. A. Kravchenko,&nbsp;A. P. Kryukov,&nbsp;L. A. Kuzmichev,&nbsp;A. Chiavassa,&nbsp;M. V. Lavrova,&nbsp;A. A. Lagutin,&nbsp;Yu. E. Lemeshev,&nbsp;B. K. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;N. B. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;A. D. Lukanov,&nbsp;S. D. Malakhov,&nbsp;R. R. Mirgazov,&nbsp;R. D. Monkhoev,&nbsp;E. A. Okuneva,&nbsp;E. A. Osipova,&nbsp;A. L. Pakhorukov,&nbsp;A. Pan,&nbsp;A. D. Panov,&nbsp;L. V. Pankov,&nbsp;A. A. Petrukhin,&nbsp;D. A. Podgrudkov,&nbsp;I. A. Poddubny,&nbsp;E. G. Popova,&nbsp;E. B. Postnikov,&nbsp;A. A. Pushnin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Razumov,&nbsp;R. Raikin,&nbsp;G. I. Rubtsov,&nbsp;E. V. Ryabov,&nbsp;V. S. Samoliga,&nbsp;I. I. Satyshev,&nbsp;L. G. Sveshnikova,&nbsp;A. A. Silaev,&nbsp;A. A. Silaev Jr.,&nbsp;A. Yu. Sidorenkov,&nbsp;A. V. Skurikhin,&nbsp;A. V. Sokolov,&nbsp;V. A. Tabolenko,&nbsp;A. B. Tanaev,&nbsp;M. Yu. Ternovoy,&nbsp;L. G. Tkachev,&nbsp;N. A. Ushakov,&nbsp;D. V. Chernov,&nbsp;A. V. Shaikovsky,&nbsp;I. I. Yashin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711663","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results are presented from operating the TAIGA-HiSCORE array after raising the number of stations to 114 and directing all stations to the zenith. The conversion from the measured Cherenkov light flux of an extensive air shower (EAS) to the primary energy of cosmic particles is refined. Parameter 〈ln<i>A</i>〉, recalculated from the maximum depth characterizing the average composition of primary cosmic radiation, is compared to results obtained at our Tunka-133 installation and others from the LHAASO and AUGER experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"907 - 912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Fluorescence Telescope Data Using Machine Learning Methods","authors":"M. Yu. Zotov,&nbsp;P. D. Zakharov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711614","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorescence telescopes are among the key instruments used for studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays in all modern experiments. We use model data for a small ground-based telescope EUSO-TA to try some methods of machine learning and neural networks to recognize tracks of extensive air showers in its data and to reconstruct energy and arrival directions of primary particles. We also comment on the opportunities to use this approach for other fluorescence telescopes and outline opportunities to further improve the performance of the suggested methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"1024 - 1029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum in an Anisotropic Diffusion Approach","authors":"V. D. Borisov,&nbsp;V. O. Yurovsky,&nbsp;I. A. Kudryashov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711602","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711602","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce a novel diffusion model for the propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) that incorporates an anisotropic diffusion tensor of a general form within a realistically modeled large-scale Galactic magnetic field. The parameters of the model are consistent with the contemporary understanding of the large-scale Galactic magnetic field structure and the dynamics of small-scale turbulent CR propagation. The paper demonstrates the modulation of spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in the magnetic rigidity range of 1–30 PV (the CR knee) and explores the spatial variation of this phenomenon. The observed modulation of the spectrum is explained by changes in the leakage mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"1019 - 1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceleration Rates and Energies of the First Protons Arriving at Earth","authors":"A. M. Sadovski,&nbsp;A. B. Struminskiy,&nbsp;I. Yu. Grigorieva","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711250","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The acceleration times of solar electrons and protons during the process of “magnetic detonation”—the development of eruptive flares—were theoretically estimated. The relationship between the acceleration rate and energy of the first protons arriving in the Earth’s orbit was studied by the example of observations of four events in May–June 2024. Eruptive flares (proton and nonproton ones) can be classified by the electric field strength (by the time of electron acceleration to 100 keV and the time of arrival of the first protons) and the duration of observation of electron radiation above 100 keV (the time available for proton acceleration &gt;100 MeV).</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"835 - 838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Distribution Function of Extensive Air Showers Cherenkov Light and Stable Laws: Fast Modelling Method for the CORSIKA Code","authors":"N. V. Volkov,&nbsp;A. A. Lagutin,&nbsp;A. I. Reviakin,&nbsp;R. T. Bizhanov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711596","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We proposed a new approach for approximating the lateral distribution functions (LDF) of Cherenkov light emitted by the electromagnetic component of extensive air showers (EAS) in the Earth’s atmosphere. The information basis of the study is a series of simulations with the CORSIKA code. To approximate the LDF atmospheric Cherenkov light the probability density functions of one-dimensional fractional stable distributions were used. The results obtained in the work allow us to propose a fast modeling method for the CORSIKA code using a procedure similar to the Nishimura–Kamata–Greisen (NKG) for calculating the LDF of the EAS electromagnetic component.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"1015 - 1018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}