Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics最新文献

{"title":"Background of Single Muons at the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope","authors":"M. M. Kochkarov,&nbsp;I. M. Dzaparova,&nbsp;A. N. Kurenya,&nbsp;V. B. Petkov,&nbsp;P. S. Striganov,&nbsp;I. B. Unatlokov,&nbsp;A. F. Yanin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711316","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope is Russia’s only detector of neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae. Candidates for neutrino events within the detector are identified as single triggers of individual counters. The background rate of single triggers of internal planes is 0.02 s^–1. A method is proposed for investigating the background of penetrating atmospheric single muons by developing a geometric model of the detector.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"863 - 867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Atmospheric Showers Detected by the Yakutsk Extensive Air Showers Array","authors":"A. V. Glushkov,&nbsp;K. G. Lebedev,&nbsp;L. T. Ksenofontov,&nbsp;A. V. Saburov,&nbsp;O. N. Ivanov,&nbsp;A. F. Boyakinov,&nbsp;A. A. Ivanov,&nbsp;S. P. Knurenko,&nbsp;A. D. Krasilnikov,&nbsp;S. V. Matarkin,&nbsp;V. P. Mokhnachevskaya,&nbsp;N. Ya. Muksunov,&nbsp;I. S. Petrov,&nbsp;I. E. Sleptsov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711341","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The two most powerful extensive air showers (EAS) with energies of about 10²⁰ eV, registered at the Yakutsk EAS array during the entire observation period of 1974–2024, are considered. Both showers hit the array near the center and triggered all surface detectors and underground muon detectors with a threshold energy of <i>E</i>_μ = 1.0  × cos θ GeV. These events have an abnormally high fraction of muons, which is beyond current model predictions. This may change our understanding of hadron interactions at ultra-high energy, but there is also a possibility that these showers were initiated by some exotic primary particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"894 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Superflares during the Last 15 ka: Myth or Reality?","authors":"A. N. Konstantinov,&nbsp;V. M. Ostryakov,&nbsp;A. K. Pavlov,&nbsp;G. I. Vasilyev","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711432","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We discuss 13 known rapid increases in radiocarbon content in the Earth’s atmosphere and all proposed to date hypotheses of their origin. Comparing the occurrence probability of 4 most powerful events, prescribed likely to the solar superflares, with the Kepler’s mission data it results in a significant discrepancy at least assuming flare energy <i>E</i> ∼ 10³⁵ erg. The hypothesis of solar superflares (or sequence of flares) cannot likely be the only one accounting for the origin of all measured ¹⁴C signals. For example, some events could be explained by the Solar system encounter with the interstellar inhomogeneities (clouds). For two of them (660 BCE and/or 813 BCE) there is a critical experiment on ³He content increase in Antarctic ice supporting this suggestion. However, none of the proposed hypotheses can reliably satisfy the experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"945 - 949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of Background Events in the LVD Experiment","authors":"N. Yu. Agafonova,&nbsp;E. A. Dobrynina,&nbsp;K. V. Manukovsky,&nbsp;A. V. Yudin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711195","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results are presented from modeling background events in the Large Volume Detector (LVD) at the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy. Events are caused by the natural radioactivity of the rock and materials of the detector’s design. Contributions to the overall background of events from different sources are calculated and compared with experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"807 - 809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Light Component Spectrum of Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range of 200–10 000 TeV by the Hybrid Method","authors":"L. G. Sveshnikova,&nbsp;E. A. Okuneva,&nbsp;I. I. Astapov,&nbsp;P. A. Bezyazeekov,&nbsp;A. V. Blinov,&nbsp;A. N. Borodin,&nbsp;E. A. Bonvech,&nbsp;N. M. Budnev,&nbsp;A. V. Bulan,&nbsp;D. V. Chernov,&nbsp;A. Chiavassa,&nbsp;A. N. Dyachok,&nbsp;A. R. Gafarov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Garmash,&nbsp;E. O. Gress,&nbsp;O. A. Gress,&nbsp;T. I. Gress,&nbsp;V. M. Grebenyuk,&nbsp;A. A. Grinyuk,&nbsp;O. G. Grishin,&nbsp;A. L. Ivanova,&nbsp;A. D. Ivanova,&nbsp;M. A. Iliushin,&nbsp;N. N. Kalmykov,&nbsp;V. V. Kindin,&nbsp;S. N. Kiryuhin,&nbsp;R. P. Kokoulin,&nbsp;K. G. Kompaniets,&nbsp;E. E. Korosteleva,&nbsp;V. A. Kozhin,&nbsp;E. A. Kravchenko,&nbsp;A. P. Kryukov,&nbsp;L. A. Kuzmichev,&nbsp;A. A. Lagutin,&nbsp;M. V. Lavrova,&nbsp;Yu. E. Lemeshev,&nbsp;B. K. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;N. B. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;A. D. Lukanov,&nbsp;S. D. Malakhov,&nbsp;R. R. Mirgazov,&nbsp;R. D. Monkhoev,&nbsp;E. A. Osipova,&nbsp;A. L. Pakhorukov,&nbsp;A. Pan,&nbsp;A. D. Panov,&nbsp;L. V. Pankov,&nbsp;A. A. Petrukhin,&nbsp;I. A. Poddubnyi,&nbsp;D. A. Podgrudkov,&nbsp;E. G. Popova,&nbsp;E. B. Postnikov,&nbsp;V. V. Prosin,&nbsp;A. A. Pushnin,&nbsp;R. I. Raikin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Razumov,&nbsp;G. I. Rubtsov,&nbsp;E. V. Ryabov,&nbsp;V. S. Samoliga,&nbsp;I. Satyshev,&nbsp;A. V. Shaikovskii,&nbsp;A. A. Silaev,&nbsp;A. A. Silaev Jr.,&nbsp;A. Yu. Sidorenkov,&nbsp;A. V. Skurikhin,&nbsp;A. V. Sokolov,&nbsp;V. A. Tabolenko,&nbsp;A. B. Tanaev,&nbsp;M. Yu. Ternovoy,&nbsp;L. G. Tkachev,&nbsp;N. A. Ushakov,&nbsp;P. A. Volchugov,&nbsp;N. V. Volkov,&nbsp;D. M. Voronin,&nbsp;I. I. Yashin,&nbsp;A.V. Zagorodnikov,&nbsp;D. P. Zhurov,&nbsp;V. N. Zirakashvili","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711638","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New results on measuring the spectrum of the light component (protons + helium) of cosmic rays in the classical knee region in the primary cosmic ray spectrum at energies of ∼200–20 000 are presented. The results were obtained from hybrid data of the TAIGA experiment in which Cherenkov light of the shower is recorded simultaneously by two (IACT + HiSCORE) facilities. The showers are separated from the light component for the first time using image parameters recorded by the IACT atmospheric image telescope. The developed approach to separation of the light component is based on and confirmed by Monte Carlo calculations. In the obtained spectrum of the light component in the energy range of 200–20 000 TeV, a pronounced knee is observed at an energy of about 3 PeV.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"899 - 903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Can We Learn about Cosmic Ray Acceleration in Westerlund 2 from SRG/ART-XC Data?","authors":"M. E. Kalyashova,&nbsp;A. M. Bykov,&nbsp;Yu. A. Uvarov,&nbsp;D. V. Badmaev,&nbsp;I. Yu. Lapshov,&nbsp;A. A. Lutovinov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711559","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compact clusters of young massive stars are considered as perspective sources of galactic cosmic rays. Recent detection of the well-known cluster Westerlund 2 (Wd2) with Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC telescope aboard the Spectrum Roentgen-Gamma orbital observatory revealed the presence of X-ray emission above 10 keV. The joint analysis of Chandra and ART-XC observations together with 3D-MHD modeling of the cluster pointed to the nonthermal origin of hard X-ray emission. We argue here that the nonthermal component can be produced by synchrotron radiation of multi-TeV electrons accelerated in Wd2 by multiple colliding stellar winds. Our model allows explaining the X-ray observations and is consistent with the observed gamma-ray emission of the source.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"998 - 1001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Type of Silicone Rubber-Based Scintillator for Extensive Air Showers Particle Detection","authors":"D. A. Kuleshov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Stenkin,&nbsp;K. O. Kurinov,&nbsp;I. O. Malii","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711626","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We proposed to use new inexpensive specialized scintillators optimized for different types of particles in experiments of detecting extensive air showers. The scintillators developed in our laboratory are based on locally produced phosphors immersed in a compound—optically transparent silicone rubber, so we called them “silicone rubber-based scintillators.” Some of the first versions of such scintillators are already successfully used to register thermal neutrons and cascade particles in a number of Extensive Air Showers arrays created with our participation. We show here preliminary results of the development of specialized scintillators of this type to record different particles: fast neutrons, muons, electrons and gamma rays.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"1030 - 1033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmic Rays’ Evolution in GT Simulation Package. Magnetosphere","authors":"N. H. Galikyan,&nbsp;P. A. Kruchinin,&nbsp;V. S. Golubkov,&nbsp;A. R. Dyagilev,&nbsp;A. G. Mayorov,&nbsp;V. V. Malakhov,&nbsp;S. A. Proshin,&nbsp;R. F. Yulbarisov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711456","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711456","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The GTsimulation package was developed to simulate cosmic ray propagation across various regions in space. To validate its performance, we applied it to simulate cosmic ray propagation within the magnetosphere, focusing on estimating geomagnetic cutoff energies. Using particle tracing in the IGRF-13 magnetic field model, we generated geomagnetic cutoff rigidity penumbra diagrams. These diagrams show strong structural consistency with the results of Smart and Shea, confirming the reliability of GTsimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"954 - 957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal Characteristics of the Auroral Oval Structure, Based on Experimental Data","authors":"B. V. Kozelov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711079","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Structures of an aurora are described according to its fractal dimension and anisotropy. The variability of structures is characterized by the slope of the spectrum of variation in anisotropy over time. Statistics of these characteristics are presented, based on data from the ground camera of the Polar Geophysical Institute in Apatity for 2013–2015, and referenced according to their positions inside the auroral oval and values of the geomagnetic field at the Lovozero observatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 5","pages":"744 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of the Polar Tongue of Ionization and Associated Ionospheric Irregularities in Measurements of the Total Electron Content during the Geomagnetic Storm of November 7, 2022","authors":"I. I. Shagimuratov,&nbsp;I. I. Efishov,&nbsp;G. A. Yakimova,&nbsp;M. V. Filatov,&nbsp;N. Yu. Tepenitsyna","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825710980","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825710980","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze the evolution of polar tongue of ionization (TOI) in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measurements during the geomagnetic storm of November 7, 2022. The TOI formed over Canada in the daytime and then occurred in the nighttime ionosphere over the European region. Our results showed an increase in the strength of ionospheric irregularities in the polar region and their connection with TOI phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 5","pages":"670 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}