{"title":"Variations in Characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere’s Middle Atmosphere during Solar Proton Events of January 2005","authors":"S. V. Veretenenko","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711304","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data from the MERRA-2 archive were used to study characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere’s middle atmosphere during the solar proton events of January 2005. It was found that the events were accompanied by sharp changes in zonal wind speed and temperature in the high-latitude atmosphere. The results obtained provide evidence of an intensification of the stratospheric polar vortex during the events, which was followed by a sharp weakening of the vortex and the development of a stratospheric warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"858 - 862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. V. Stenkin, A. V. Butkevich, I. S. Karpikov, D. A. Kuleshov, K. O. Kurinov, X. Ma, O.B. Shchegolev
{"title":"On a Possibility to Use WCDA Detector of the LHAASO Experiment as a Pair-Meter to Measure Atmospheric Muon Spectrum","authors":"Yu. V. Stenkin, A. V. Butkevich, I. S. Karpikov, D. A. Kuleshov, K. O. Kurinov, X. Ma, O.B. Shchegolev","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711523","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) experiment is a multi-purpose experiment for gamma-ray astronomy, cosmic ray physics and for many other tasks. The tasks number will be undoubtedly extended in future. We have recently proposed to use existing WCDA (Water Cherenkov Detector Array) as a pair-meter to measure atmospheric muon energy spectrum. This work allows us to claim that WCDA can serve as almost an ideal pair-meter to study near-horizontal atmospheric muons with energy beyond ~10 TeV.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"986 - 988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Properties of GRB High-Energy Gamma Rays from Fermi/LAT, CORONAS-F/AVS-F, and PHOTON/NATALYA-2M Data","authors":"I. V. Arkhangelskaja, A. I. Arkhangelskiy","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711389","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The AVS-F catalog contains several dozen γ-ray bursts (GRBs), the NATALYA-2M consists of 6 bursts (maximum photon energies ∼150 and ∼60 MeV, respectively), and the Fermi/LAT catalog contains more than 200 bursts in the range <i>E</i> > 100 MeV. Different behavior of the prompt emission time profiles is observed in the high and low energy ranges during some events with a high-energy spectral component. When using parameter <i>R</i><sub>t</sub> (the ratio of the time of arrival of γ-photons with maximum energy to the duration of a burst), which does not require considering the cosmological length of dilation, the following groups can be distinguished among long bursts: (1) For ∼25% of all GRBs, the duration of high-energy emission is shorter than that of the low-energy range. (2) The opposite situation is observed for the remaining ∼75%, but the maximum energy in γ-rays is detected during (2a) a low-energy prompt emission or (2b) after it is complete. The characteristics of GRBs with γ-rays in the sub-TeV region are similar to types 2a and 2b, since there is no significant correlation between their maximum energies and redshifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"922 - 927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. I. Kovalev, M. V. Kravtsova, S. V. Olemskoy, V. E. Sdobnov
{"title":"GLE73 on October 28, 2021. First Event in Solar Activity Cycle 25: Spectra and Anisotropy","authors":"I. I. Kovalev, M. V. Kravtsova, S. V. Olemskoy, V. E. Sdobnov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711444","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>From observations of cosmic rays (CRs) within the global network of neutron monitors, we investigated (through the spectrographic global survey) the ground level enhancement (GLE73) on October 28, 2021. The differential rigidity spectra of accelerated protons and the 2 GV particle spatial distribution during GLE73 were obtained. We estimated that the maximal accelerated particle rigidity was about ∼3–5 GV.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"950 - 953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Studying Submillimeter Radiation from the Sun and Astrophysical Sources","authors":"E. D. Tulnikov, V. S. Makhmutov, M. V. Philippov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711298","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A brief review is presented of works dedicated to observing the Sun and other objects in the Universe in the submillimeter range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The main aim is to estimate the expected fluxes of solar flares in the terahertz range and determine the classes of celestial bodies that could be potential sources of submillimeter waves. Such data is needed in developing scientific equipment that records spectral fluxes of terahertz radiation from astrophysical objects with the aim of studying mechanisms of the release of energy and acceleration of charged particles under conditions of cosmic plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"854 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectra of Protons and Helium Nuclei from Tevatrons Recorded in Satellite Experiments: Indication of Nonclassical Nature of Cosmic Ray Diffusion","authors":"A. A. Lagutin, N. V. Volkov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711390","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An original nonclassical diffusion model was proposed for the astrophysical interpretation of the results of precision measurements of the energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei in satellite experiments in the last decade. It was shown that the breaks in the spectra in the TeV energy range that were detected in the DAMPE and CALET experiments can be explained by taking into account the contributions of a group of tevatrons located at a distance of 150–200 pc from the Earth and having an age of ∼(4–6) × 10<sup>5</sup> years.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"928 - 932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic Mechanism for Formation of Galactic Cosmic Rays Anisotropy","authors":"I. S. Petukhov, A. S. Petukhova, S. I. Petukhov","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711468","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711468","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We calculated the characteristics of the anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays formed by an electromagnetic mechanism. The mechanism is based on the combined action of the induction electric field and the regular magnetic field of the moving solar wind. For cosmic rays with an energy of 10 GeV, the following was obtained: (1) vector anisotropy of 0.4–0.6% is directed perpendicular to the Earth–Sun line from west to east; (2) tensor anisotropy has the form of a biaxial ellipsoid, the minor axis of which is directed along the interplanetary magnetic field. The calculation results correspond to the measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"958 - 962"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. G. Doronin, I. A. Mironova, A. D. Mironov, N. V. Bobrov
{"title":"Changes in the Chemical Composition of the Polar Atmosphere According to Satellite Observations in January 2005","authors":"G. G. Doronin, I. A. Mironova, A. D. Mironov, N. V. Bobrov","doi":"10.1134/S106287382571147X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106287382571147X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On January 16–22, 2005 huge fluxes of high-energy charged particles came from the Sun through magnetosphere to our Earth. Charged particles mostly solar protons and magnetospheric electrons affect the atmosphere by inducing additional ionization sources in ionosphere and atmosphere. Ionization plays main role in the formation of ozone-depleting odd oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) and hydrogen (HO<sub><i>x</i></sub>). Here we study the energetic particle impact on the chemical properties of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere using MLS Aura data obtained during January 16–22, 2005. We show how strong can be depleted the polar ozone layer in mesosphere and change the chemistry from the mesosphere to the stratosphere during geoeffective coronal mass ejections and magnetic storms.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"963 - 968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. V. Stenkin, D. D. Dhzappuev, A. U. Kudzhaev, D. A. Kuleshov, K. O. Kurinov, O. I. Mikhailova, V. I. Stepanov, O. B. Shchegolev
{"title":"Long-Term Variations of Thermal Neutron Environmental Flux and Radon Decay Products in Air of Elbrus Region","authors":"Yu. V. Stenkin, D. D. Dhzappuev, A. U. Kudzhaev, D. A. Kuleshov, K. O. Kurinov, O. I. Mikhailova, V. I. Stepanov, O. B. Shchegolev","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711481","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results of long-term variations of thermal neutron environmental flux and radon decay products study at Baksan Neutrino Observatory of INR RAS reveal an interesting feature probably connected with global warming or more probably with the Elbrus volcano activity increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"969 - 971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Ivanova, M. N. Lopatin, I. I. Astapov, P. A. Bezyazeekov, E. A. Bonvech, A. V. Blinov, A. N. Borodin, N. M. Budnev, A. V. Bulan, P. V. Busygin, N. V. Volkov, P. A. Volchugov, D. M. Voronin, A. R. Gafarov, A. Yu. Garmash, V. M. Grebenyuk, O. A. Gress, T. I. Gress, E. O. Gress, A. A. Grinyuk, O. G. Grishin, A. N. Dyachok, D. P. Zhurov, A. V. Zagorodnikov, V. N. Zirakashvili, A. D. Ivanova, M. A. Iliushin, I. A. Kabannik, N. N. Kalmykov, V. V. Kindin, S. N. Kiryuhin, V. A. Kozhin, K. G. Kompaniets, E. E. Korosteleva, E. A. Kravchenko, A. P. Kryukov, L. A. Kuzmichev, A. Chiavassa, M. V. Lavrova, A. A. Lagutin, Yu. E. Lemeshev, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, N. B. Lubsandorzhiev, A. D. Lukanov, S. D. Malakhov, R. R. Mirgazov, R. D. Monkhoev, E. A. Okuneva, E. A. Osipova, A. Pan, A. D. Panov, L. V. Pankov, A. L. Pakhorukov, A. A. Petrukhin, D. A. Podgrudkov, I. A. Poddubny, V. A. Poleschuk, E. G. Popova, E. B. Postnikov, V. V. Prosin, A. A. Pushnin, R.I. Raikin, A. V. Razumov, G. I. Rubtsov, E. V. Ryabov, I. Satyshev, V. S. Samoliga, L. G. Sveshnikova, A. Yu. Sidorenkov, A. A. Silaev, A. A. Silaev Jr., A. V. Skurikhin, A. V. Sokolov, V. A. Tabolenko, A. B. Tanaev, M. Yu. Ternovoy, L. G. Tkachev, N. A. Ushakov, D. V. Chernov, A. V. Shaikovsky, M. V. Shulga, I. I. Yashin
{"title":"Potential Locations for Deploying the Full-Scale TAIGA-100 Gamma Ray Observatory","authors":"A. L. Ivanova, M. N. Lopatin, I. I. Astapov, P. A. Bezyazeekov, E. A. Bonvech, A. V. Blinov, A. N. Borodin, N. M. Budnev, A. V. Bulan, P. V. Busygin, N. V. Volkov, P. A. Volchugov, D. M. Voronin, A. R. Gafarov, A. Yu. Garmash, V. M. Grebenyuk, O. A. Gress, T. I. Gress, E. O. Gress, A. A. Grinyuk, O. G. Grishin, A. N. Dyachok, D. P. Zhurov, A. V. Zagorodnikov, V. N. Zirakashvili, A. D. Ivanova, M. A. Iliushin, I. A. Kabannik, N. N. Kalmykov, V. V. Kindin, S. N. Kiryuhin, V. A. Kozhin, K. G. Kompaniets, E. E. Korosteleva, E. A. Kravchenko, A. P. Kryukov, L. A. Kuzmichev, A. Chiavassa, M. V. Lavrova, A. A. Lagutin, Yu. E. Lemeshev, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, N. B. Lubsandorzhiev, A. D. Lukanov, S. D. Malakhov, R. R. Mirgazov, R. D. Monkhoev, E. A. Okuneva, E. A. Osipova, A. Pan, A. D. Panov, L. V. Pankov, A. L. Pakhorukov, A. A. Petrukhin, D. A. Podgrudkov, I. A. Poddubny, V. A. Poleschuk, E. G. Popova, E. B. Postnikov, V. V. Prosin, A. A. Pushnin, R.I. Raikin, A. V. Razumov, G. I. Rubtsov, E. V. Ryabov, I. Satyshev, V. S. Samoliga, L. G. Sveshnikova, A. Yu. Sidorenkov, A. A. Silaev, A. A. Silaev Jr., A. V. Skurikhin, A. V. Sokolov, V. A. Tabolenko, A. B. Tanaev, M. Yu. Ternovoy, L. G. Tkachev, N. A. Ushakov, D. V. Chernov, A. V. Shaikovsky, M. V. Shulga, I. I. Yashin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711651","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1062873825711651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Possible locations for deploying the TAIGA-100 on an area of ∼100 km<sup>2</sup> are discussed. This astrophysical complex with a hybrid system of detectors will make a significant contribution to solving many fundamental problems of cosmic ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"884 - 888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.48,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}