Ethnicity & Disease最新文献

{"title":"Using COVID-19 Surveillance Systems to Identify and Monitor Disparities: Best Practices and Recommendations.","authors":"Nina T Harawa, Bita Amani, Consuela Abotsi-Kowu, Ezinne Nwankwo, Chandra L Ford","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.151","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.32.2.151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inadequate attention to racial health equity is a common challenge to effective, reliable monitoring and mitigation of COVID-19 disparities. Efforts to monitor and mitigate COVID-19 disparities continue to be hampered by inadequacies in how surveillance systems collect, tabulate, and report COVID-19-related outcomes. We conducted environmental scans of existing public health surveillance systems and reporting standards, literature reviews, focus groups with surveillance experts, and consultations with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and an expert panel on surveillance to identify and explore strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in how existing systems monitor COVID-19 and their implications for addressing disparities in related outcomes. We present recommendations based on these reviews and propose a core minimum set of health indicators and best-practice standards for reporting these indicators by COVID-19 surveillance systems to monitor racial/ethnic and other disparities in the pandemic. These recommendations are relevant to monitoring disparities in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and may inform monitoring of future epidemics. This discussion is part of an effort by Project REFOCUS to develop syndemic surveillance systems for monitoring the intersecting pandemics of COVID-19 and racism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9037655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47745260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Engagement and Mental Health Symptoms Across Asian American Ethnic Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"J. Islam, Iman Awan, F. Kapadia","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.131","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000To examine social engagement and mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across Asian American (AA) ethnic groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Data from three waves of the nationally representative COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (4/20/2020-6/8/2020) were used to describe social engagement and mental health symptoms during the pandemic. Associations between mental health and social engagement were assessed via multinomial logistic regression.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000In this sample of 312 AAs (36.9% Chinese American, 30.9% South Asian American, 20.1% Filipino/Vietnamese American, and 12.0% Japanese/Korean American), daily communication with neighbors declined for Chinese, South Asian and Filipino/Vietnamese Americans but increased for Japanese/Korean Americans (P=.012) whereas communication with friends/family increased only for Filipino/Vietnamese, Japanese/Korean and South Asian Americans (P<0.001). Differences in self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and hopelessness were observed across AA ethnic groups. In adjusted models, lower social engagement was associated with frequent (3-4 days/week) depressive symptoms during the preceding week (cOR:3.26, 95%CI:1.01-10.5). This association was heightened for Asian men (cOR:14.22, 95%CI:3.62-55.8).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Heterogeneity of social engagement and mental health symptoms across AA ethnicities was observed. Understanding associations between social engagement and mental health within different communities is necessary to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate mental health treatment and care.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension Self-Management among Black and White Live Kidney Donors.","authors":"K. Gianaris, Grecia B. Vargas, Morgan Johnson, Yifan Yu, Elena Wilson, Jamilah A. Perkins, A. Jackson, L. E. Boulware, A. Massie, Macey L. Levan, D. Segev, Tanjala S. Purnell","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Despite the societal benefits of live kidney donation, Black donors may be more likely than White donors to develop hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease after donation. Among live kidney donors diagnosed with post-donation HTN, little is known about potential racial/ethnic differences in HTN self-care behaviors and perceived susceptibility to developing kidney disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000We ascertained electronic medical records and phone survey data from live donors enrolled in the multi-center Wellness and Health Outcomes of LivE Donors (WHOLE-Donor) Hypertension Care Study between May 2013 and April 2020. Using multivariable logistic regression models performed January through June 2021, we examined potential associations of donor race/ethnicity with perceived susceptibility to kidney disease and self-care behaviors (ie, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System measure assessing self-reported actions to control high blood pressure).\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The study included 318 US-based live kidney donors who developed post-donation HTN (57.6% female; 78.9% White; 18.6% Black; and mean age 46.7 years at donation). Black donors were equally as likely as White donors to report being moderately or strongly concerned about developing kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.27, 95%CI: .66, 2.14, P=.57). Donors with diabetes were more likely than those without diabetes (aOR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.03, 5.01, P=.04), while donors aged >50 years were less likely than younger donors (aOR: .39, 95%CI: .18, .85, P=.02) to report being moderately or strongly concerned about kidney disease. Overall, 87% of donors reported taking at least one action to help control blood pressure, with no significant differences by sociodemographic factors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000We found no substantial differences in perceived susceptibility to kidney disease among Black and White donors, despite published evidence that Black donors may experience greater risk of developing kidney disease than White donors. Behavioral interventions to enhance knowledge about future disease risk, attitudes, and self-care strategies among living kidney donors may be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42677142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Incorporating Stroke Survivors' Health Perceptions in Addressing Health Care Disparities.","authors":"Rondalyn R. Dickens, T. Gyang, Sadie B Sanders, Charles Ellis Jr, A. Simpkins","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.145","url":null,"abstract":"Patient-centered research in determining health care disparities among stroke patients is limited. Several studies have examined patient perceptions in stroke survivors and have utilized the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) and Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (BIPQ), which are validated measures of illness beliefs. Yet, there are several domains these surveys could assess that warrant more investigation, including: perception of medication side effects; acceptance of the stroke diagnosis; consequence and long-term impact of symptoms; the importance of medications in long-term health maintenance; and perception of ease of access to equitable health care. Though these surveys are available, representation of diverse and under-represented groups within stroke surveys utilizing them is low. Also, only a limited number of studies of stroke patients' perceptions have focused on health disparities or specifically beliefs and attitudes of under-represented stroke survivors. Due to insufficient current research, future studies should focus on using these patient perception questionnaires with underrepresented populations. Improvements in this field may allow providers to offer patient-centered care among a diverse population, bridging gaps in health care equity.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"145-148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation 1.5: Years in the United States and Other Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviors Among Asian Americans.","authors":"Lu Shi, M. Mayorga, Dejun Su, Yan Li, Emily Martin, D. Zhang","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Generation 1.5, immigrants who moved to a different country before adulthood, are hypothesized to have unique cognitive and behavioral patterns. We examined the possible differences in cigarette smoking between Asian subpopulations who arrived in the United States at different life stages.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Using the Asian subsample of the 2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we tested this Generation 1.5 hypothesis with their smoking behavior. This dataset was chosen because its large sample size allowed for a national-level analysis of the Asian subsamples by sex, while other national datasets might not have adequate sample sizes for analysis of these subpopulations. The outcome variable was defined as whether the survey respondent had ever smoked 100 cigarettes or more, with the key independent variable operationalized as whether the respondent was: 1) born in the United States; 2) entered the United States before 12; 3) entered between 12 and 19; and 4) entered after 19. Logistic regressions were run to examine the associations with covariates including the respondent's age, educational attainment, and household income.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Asian men who entered before 12 were less likely to have ever smoked 100 cigarettes than those who immigrated after 19; for Asian women, three groups (born in the United States, entered before 12, entered between 12 and 19) were more likely to have smoked 100 cigarettes than those who immigrated after 19.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000While Asian men who came to the United States before 12 were less at risk for cigarette smoking than those who immigrated in adulthood, the pattern was the opposite among Asian women. Those who spent their childhood in the United States were more likely to smoke than those who came to the United States in adulthood. These patterns might result from the cultural differences between US and Asian countries, and bear policy relevance for the tobacco control efforts among Asian Americans.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Perceived Breast Cancer Risk in Black and White Women with an Elevated Risk.","authors":"Jessica M.L. Young, K. Postula, D. Duquette, Melissa Gutierrez-Kapheim, Vivian Pan, M. Katapodi","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Perceived breast cancer risk predicts screening behaviors. However, perceived risk is often inaccurate, notably in Black women, who often underestimate their risk despite having higher disease-specific mortality rates. We examined predictors of perceived breast cancer risk, and its impact on surveillance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000We used baseline data from a randomized trial targeting unaffected women recruited by relatives with early-onset breast cancer. Data collection occurred between 2012 and 2013. Accuracy of perceived risk was assessed by comparing perceived risk to objective lifetime breast cancer risks, calculated with the Gail and Claus models. A multivariate mixed model regression examined predictors of accuracy of perceived risk. The impact of perceived risk on breast cancer surveillance was assessed with one-way ANOVAS comparing Black to White women.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Among participants, 21.4% self-identified as Black and 78.6% as White. Overall, 72.9% (n=247/339), 16.2% (n=55/339), and 10.9% (n=37/339) of participants overestimated, accurately perceived, and underestimated, respectively, their lifetime breast cancer risk. Race did not predict the accuracy of risk perception. Younger participants were more likely to overestimate their risk (β=-.455; CI [-.772, -.138]; P=.005). MRI utilization was predicted by a higher objective risk (F 1,263 [= 30.271]; P<.001) and more accurate risk perception (P=.010; Fisher's exact test).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Most women with a family history of early-onset breast cancer inaccurately perceived their risk for developing the disease. Younger women were more likely to overestimate their risk. Findings can guide the development of tailored interventions to improve adherence to breast cancer surveillance recommendations.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45129346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Happens When the Crisis Seemingly Never Ends? Perspectives in Health Communication.","authors":"Monica L. Ponder","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.165","url":null,"abstract":"Ethn Dis. 2022;32(2):165-168; doi:10.18865/ed.32.2.165","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19: Rate Ratios Provide an Incomplete Picture of US Trends, April 2020 - March 2021.","authors":"Xinzhi Zhang, C. Stoney, G. Mensah","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Recent increasing rates of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among non-Hispanic Whites have led to declining rate ratios at a time of continuing high burden of COVID-19 in American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, African American, and Hispanic/Latino populations. The use of all epidemiological tools, including rate ratios and actual rates per 100,000 population, provides a more comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and trends of racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the Rapid Assessment of COVID Evidence (RACE) Series.","authors":"Chandra L Ford,&nbsp;Bita Amani","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"Ethn Dis. 2022; 32(1):69-72; doi:10.18865/ed.32.1.69","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785865/pdf/ethndis-32-69.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiwala, Gaining Trust to Recruit Filipino American Families: CARE-T2D Study.","authors":"Hillary Nicole A Peregrina, Grace J Yoo, Carissa Villanueva, Maria L G Bayog, Therese Doan, Melinda S Bender","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.49","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.32.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Filipino Americans have greater risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications compared to other Asian populations and non-Hispanic Whites. There are few diabetes intervention studies focused on Filipinos and limited evidence regarding the best recruitment strategies for this hard-to-reach population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article examined barriers and facilitators to recruitment of Filipino families for the \"Caring for Asian Americans through Research and Education on T2D\" (CARE-T2D) study, which took place in California from June 2018 through June 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruitment of 50 Filipino dyads (parent with T2D and adult child) were successfully met. Gaining trust through culturally tailored strategies was key in recruiting Filipino participants. Tiwala (gaining trust) strategies involved: 1) using Filipino staff as role models for research engagement and 2) incorporating narrative communications or \"kuwentuhan\" (Filipino cultural storytelling) with recruitment. Other facilitating strategies included in-person presentations at local colleges and organizations, Filipino community leaders' support, snowball sampling, previous study participant listservs, and posting fliers on family/friends' personal social media sites. Barriers to recruitment included research mistrust, confidentiality concerns, and risks of violating cultural values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to recruit Filipino family dyads. Findings will inform researchers and clinicians on how best to recruit Filipino families in community health-related research and public health programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785862/pdf/ethndis-32-49.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10366366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}