Ethnicity & Disease最新文献

{"title":"Generation 1.5: Years in the United States and Other Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviors Among Asian Americans.","authors":"Lu Shi, M. Mayorga, Dejun Su, Yan Li, Emily Martin, D. Zhang","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Generation 1.5, immigrants who moved to a different country before adulthood, are hypothesized to have unique cognitive and behavioral patterns. We examined the possible differences in cigarette smoking between Asian subpopulations who arrived in the United States at different life stages.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Using the Asian subsample of the 2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we tested this Generation 1.5 hypothesis with their smoking behavior. This dataset was chosen because its large sample size allowed for a national-level analysis of the Asian subsamples by sex, while other national datasets might not have adequate sample sizes for analysis of these subpopulations. The outcome variable was defined as whether the survey respondent had ever smoked 100 cigarettes or more, with the key independent variable operationalized as whether the respondent was: 1) born in the United States; 2) entered the United States before 12; 3) entered between 12 and 19; and 4) entered after 19. Logistic regressions were run to examine the associations with covariates including the respondent's age, educational attainment, and household income.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Asian men who entered before 12 were less likely to have ever smoked 100 cigarettes than those who immigrated after 19; for Asian women, three groups (born in the United States, entered before 12, entered between 12 and 19) were more likely to have smoked 100 cigarettes than those who immigrated after 19.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000While Asian men who came to the United States before 12 were less at risk for cigarette smoking than those who immigrated in adulthood, the pattern was the opposite among Asian women. Those who spent their childhood in the United States were more likely to smoke than those who came to the United States in adulthood. These patterns might result from the cultural differences between US and Asian countries, and bear policy relevance for the tobacco control efforts among Asian Americans.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Perceived Breast Cancer Risk in Black and White Women with an Elevated Risk.","authors":"Jessica M.L. Young, K. Postula, D. Duquette, Melissa Gutierrez-Kapheim, Vivian Pan, M. Katapodi","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Perceived breast cancer risk predicts screening behaviors. However, perceived risk is often inaccurate, notably in Black women, who often underestimate their risk despite having higher disease-specific mortality rates. We examined predictors of perceived breast cancer risk, and its impact on surveillance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000We used baseline data from a randomized trial targeting unaffected women recruited by relatives with early-onset breast cancer. Data collection occurred between 2012 and 2013. Accuracy of perceived risk was assessed by comparing perceived risk to objective lifetime breast cancer risks, calculated with the Gail and Claus models. A multivariate mixed model regression examined predictors of accuracy of perceived risk. The impact of perceived risk on breast cancer surveillance was assessed with one-way ANOVAS comparing Black to White women.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Among participants, 21.4% self-identified as Black and 78.6% as White. Overall, 72.9% (n=247/339), 16.2% (n=55/339), and 10.9% (n=37/339) of participants overestimated, accurately perceived, and underestimated, respectively, their lifetime breast cancer risk. Race did not predict the accuracy of risk perception. Younger participants were more likely to overestimate their risk (β=-.455; CI [-.772, -.138]; P=.005). MRI utilization was predicted by a higher objective risk (F 1,263 [= 30.271]; P<.001) and more accurate risk perception (P=.010; Fisher's exact test).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Most women with a family history of early-onset breast cancer inaccurately perceived their risk for developing the disease. Younger women were more likely to overestimate their risk. Findings can guide the development of tailored interventions to improve adherence to breast cancer surveillance recommendations.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45129346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Happens When the Crisis Seemingly Never Ends? Perspectives in Health Communication.","authors":"Monica L. Ponder","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.165","url":null,"abstract":"Ethn Dis. 2022;32(2):165-168; doi:10.18865/ed.32.2.165","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19: Rate Ratios Provide an Incomplete Picture of US Trends, April 2020 - March 2021.","authors":"Xinzhi Zhang, C. Stoney, G. Mensah","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Recent increasing rates of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among non-Hispanic Whites have led to declining rate ratios at a time of continuing high burden of COVID-19 in American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, African American, and Hispanic/Latino populations. The use of all epidemiological tools, including rate ratios and actual rates per 100,000 population, provides a more comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and trends of racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the Rapid Assessment of COVID Evidence (RACE) Series.","authors":"Chandra L Ford,&nbsp;Bita Amani","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"Ethn Dis. 2022; 32(1):69-72; doi:10.18865/ed.32.1.69","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785865/pdf/ethndis-32-69.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiwala, Gaining Trust to Recruit Filipino American Families: CARE-T2D Study.","authors":"Hillary Nicole A Peregrina, Grace J Yoo, Carissa Villanueva, Maria L G Bayog, Therese Doan, Melinda S Bender","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.49","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.32.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Filipino Americans have greater risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications compared to other Asian populations and non-Hispanic Whites. There are few diabetes intervention studies focused on Filipinos and limited evidence regarding the best recruitment strategies for this hard-to-reach population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article examined barriers and facilitators to recruitment of Filipino families for the \"Caring for Asian Americans through Research and Education on T2D\" (CARE-T2D) study, which took place in California from June 2018 through June 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruitment of 50 Filipino dyads (parent with T2D and adult child) were successfully met. Gaining trust through culturally tailored strategies was key in recruiting Filipino participants. Tiwala (gaining trust) strategies involved: 1) using Filipino staff as role models for research engagement and 2) incorporating narrative communications or \"kuwentuhan\" (Filipino cultural storytelling) with recruitment. Other facilitating strategies included in-person presentations at local colleges and organizations, Filipino community leaders' support, snowball sampling, previous study participant listservs, and posting fliers on family/friends' personal social media sites. Barriers to recruitment included research mistrust, confidentiality concerns, and risks of violating cultural values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to recruit Filipino family dyads. Findings will inform researchers and clinicians on how best to recruit Filipino families in community health-related research and public health programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785862/pdf/ethndis-32-49.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10366366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and Protective Factors for Cost-Related Nonadherence Among Middle East and North African (MENA) Adults.","authors":"Molly Green,&nbsp;Kenneth Resnicow,&nbsp;Madiha Tariq,&nbsp;Nadia Syed,&nbsp;Asraa Alhawli,&nbsp;Minal Patel","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Cost-related nonadherence to health maintenance behaviors is common in the general population, yet we know little about these behaviors in Middle East and North African (MENA) Americans. We examined cost-related nonadherence (CRN) in the MENA community in SE Michigan to determine demographic predictors, and risk and protective factors. Design Setting and Participants We used data from a cross-sectional convenience sample of MENA adults (N=398) conducted May-September 2019 to identify relevant demographic predictors, as well as the association between individual health, social, and clinical factors and the likelihood of reporting CRN. Methods and Measures CRN was defined by whether respondents reported any of the following: that they took less medicine, skipped doses, or delayed getting a prescription filled. Other factors included patient/provider communication and racial concordance, mental health distress, food insecurity and insurance status. We used multivariable logistic regression models to determine association of these health and social factors with CRN. Results Those with highest incomes were least likely to report CRN. Participants with private insurance and with no coverage were more likely to report CRN compared with those with Medicaid coverage. Risk factors for CRN included food insecurity and mental health distress, though strong patient/provider communication was protective of CRN. Discussion The risk factors for CRN in the MENA community align with risk factors in the general population. As provider communication is protective of CRN, interventions focused on improving patient/provider communication may serve as a way to protect against financially motivated medication nonadherence.","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":" ","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785864/pdf/ethndis-32-11.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Inclusive Research: Establishing Collaborative Strategies to Improve Diversity in Clinical Trials.","authors":"Owen Garrick,&nbsp;Ruben Mesa,&nbsp;Andrea Ferris,&nbsp;Edward S Kim,&nbsp;Edith Mitchell,&nbsp;Otis W Brawley,&nbsp;John Carpten,&nbsp;Keith D Carter,&nbsp;Joseph Coney,&nbsp;Robert Winn,&nbsp;Stephanie Monroe,&nbsp;Fabian Sandoval,&nbsp;Edith Perez,&nbsp;Mitzi Williams,&nbsp;Evan Grove,&nbsp;Quita Highsmith,&nbsp;Nicole Richie,&nbsp;Susan M Begelman,&nbsp;Asha S Collins,&nbsp;Jamie Freedman,&nbsp;Melissa S Gonzales,&nbsp;Gerren Wilson","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Well-characterized disparities in clinical research have disproportionately affected patients of color, particularly in underserved communities. To tackle these barriers, Genentech formed the External Council for Advancing Inclusive Research, a 14-person committee dedicated to developing strategies to increase clinical research participation. To help improve the recruitment and retention of patients of color, this article chronicles our efforts to tangibly address the clinical research barriers at the system, study, and patient levels over the last four years. These efforts are one of the initial steps to fully realize the promise of personalized health care and provide increased patient benefit at less cost to society. Instead of simply acknowledging the problem, here we illuminate the collaborative and multilevel strategies that have been effective in delivering meaningful progress for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785867/pdf/ethndis-32-61.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Health Literacy among Linguistically Diverse Patients in the Los Angeles County Safety Net Health System.","authors":"Cristina Valdovinos, Giselle Perez-Aguilar, Roberto Gonzalez Huerta, Chesca Barrios, Griselda Gutierrez, Carmen Mendez, Anshu Abhat, Gerardo Moreno, Arleen Brown, Alejandra Casillas","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.21","DOIUrl":"10.18865/ed.32.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic health (eHealth) literacy may affect telehealth uptake, yet few studies have evaluated eHealth literacy in underserved populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe technology access and use patterns as well as eHealth literacy levels among English-speaking and LEP patients in a Los Angeles safety net health system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients, aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension, and their caregivers were recruited from three primary care safety-net clinics in Los Angeles County (California) between June - July 2017. Participants' electronic health literacy was assessed by the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS); participants were also asked about technology access and use. We examined these measures in English-speaking and limited English proficient (LEP) Spanish-speaking patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 71 participants (62 patients and 9 caregivers) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 56 years old. More than half of participants used a phone that could connect to the Internet (67%). The mean score for 10 eHEALS items was in the moderate range (26/50 points). There was no difference in mean eHEALS between language groups. However, 47% of Spanish-speaking participants \"agreed/strongly agreed\" that they knew how to use the Internet to answer their health questions, compared to 68% of English-speaking participants (P<.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this sample of patients from a diverse safety net population, perceived skills and confidence in engaging with electronic health systems were low, particularly among LEP Spanish-speakers, despite moderate levels of electronic health literacy. More studies are needed among diverse patient populations to better assess eHealth literacy and patients' digital readiness, and to examine how these patient metrics directly impact telehealth utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785863/pdf/ethndis-32-21.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9308862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Access to Cancer Care: Identifying Barriers to Precision Cancer Medicine.","authors":"Kayla E Cooper,&nbsp;Khadijah E Abdallah,&nbsp;Rebekah S M Angove,&nbsp;Kathleen D Gallagher,&nbsp;Vence L Bonham","doi":"10.18865/ed.32.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.32.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Precision medicine is revolutionizing cancer treatment. However, there has been limited investigation of barriers patients endure to access precision cancer medicine. This study aims to report the experiences of underserved patient populations with limited access to genomic testing, clinical trials, and precision cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-method study was employed to quantitatively evaluate patients (N=300) seeking precision cancer medicine between January 2014- August 2017. Qualitatively, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eight case managers who navigate the health care and health insurance systems to provide patients with access to precision cancer medicine care. All interviews were analyzed to identify themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within our patient cohort, 69% were diagnosed in stage I of cancer disease. Overall, 27 patients (9%) were denied treatment as a final outcome of their case due to insurance denials, 35 patients (12%) died before gaining access to precision cancer medicine, and 6 patients (2%) received precision cancer medicine through clinical trials. Four broad thematic areas emerged from the qualitative analysis: 1) lack of patient, provider and insurer knowledge of precision cancer medicine; 2) barriers to clinical trial participation; 3) lack of patient health literacy; and 4) barriers to timely access to care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our combined analyses suggest that both system-level and patient-level barriers limit patient access to precision cancer medicine options. Additionally, we found that these barriers may exist not only for traditionally underserved patients, but also for resourced and insured patients trying to access precision cancer medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":50495,"journal":{"name":"Ethnicity & Disease","volume":" ","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785861/pdf/ethndis-32-39.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}