{"title":"Identification of piecewise affine systems using a cluster refinement technique","authors":"Miao Yu , Federico Bianchi , Luigi Piroddi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of piecewise affine (PWA) systems is a challenging mixed integer optimization problem that involves both the estimation of the dynamics associated to different modes of operation, and the partition of the state space in regions associated to said modes, the transition from one region to another corresponding to a mode switching. The challenges are mainly associated with the sample-mode assignment task, because the combinatorial complexity increases with the size of the dataset. Furthermore, some samples are consistent with more than one mode, making their classification ‘ambiguous’. The identification problem is here addressed with a two-stage iterative method, alternating between an identification phase carried out over given clusters of data associated to regions in the state space (such that each cluster is assigned to a single mode), and a refinement phase, whereby the region borders are adjusted (by reassigning samples to other clusters) to improve the model quality. Operating on data clusters (as opposed to individual samples) significantly reduces the complexity of the combinatorial mode assignment problem, and naturally avoids region outliers (isolated samples surrounded by samples assigned to a different mode). However, this approach works properly only if accompanied by a cluster refinement procedure, responsible for reshaping the mode regions and reassigning stray samples to the correct modes. The combination of these two stages is ultimately successful in determining correctly both the local models and the associated state space regions, as shown here with reference to several benchmark examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An optimization algorithm for H∞ control of linear delay systems","authors":"Kunlong Bao , Yuhao Cong , Guang-Da Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> control problem of linear delay systems is investigated. We first present a <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> performance level under the asymptotic stability of linear delay systems. Then by means of the state transition matrix of linear delay systems, the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> control problem is transformed into a non-smooth optimization problem. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm based on the gradient sampling (GS) method is proposed to solve the non-smooth optimization problem. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regional optimization problem for a general reaction–diffusion malaria model with temperature and rainfall","authors":"Jing Wang, Hongyong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work primarily addresses the regional optimization problem of a malaria model in heterogeneous environments, which incorporates general incidence rate, vaccination, temperature and rainfall. To reflect the differences in resource allocation across different regions and times, the upper bound of control is extended to a bounded function related to spatial location and time. On this basis, a control problem is investigated, with the goal of minimizing the discrepancy between the actual and desired control outcomes for mosquitoes and infectious humans, and the associated costs. Firstly, the application of truncation technique and semigroup theory enables us to obtain the existence, uniqueness and some estimates of the positive strong solution for the controlled system. Despite the intricate nature of the controlled system, which makes proving global solvability challenging, this hurdle is successfully overcome. Subsequently, applying the technique of minimizing sequence, the existence of optimal pair is demonstrated. By utilizing the differentiability of control-to-state mapping, we establish the first-order necessary optimality condition. Specifically, deeper insights are offered in the left neighborhood of the terminal moment. Furthermore, provide the second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. Finally, explore the spread and control of malaria in The Gambia. The analysis shows that the upper bound of control possesses a remarkable influence on its optimal form. Moreover, temperature and rainfall can significantly affect costs and benefits of control measures, thereby affecting the evaluation process. These outcomes enrich and generalize the study on regional optimal control problems of disease models, and provide new perspectives for related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo S. Saraiva , Lorenzo Govoni , Aurélio T. Salton , Jeferson V. Flores , Andrea Cristofaro
{"title":"Practical output regulation of robotic manipulators: A comparison study","authors":"Eduardo S. Saraiva , Lorenzo Govoni , Aurélio T. Salton , Jeferson V. Flores , Andrea Cristofaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties of robotic manipulators necessitate advanced control strategies to ensure precise output regulation under challenging conditions. This paper compares three control methodologies: Computed Torque Control (CTC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), and an Internal Model-Based Approach (IMB) with Differential-Algebraic Representation. Experimental validation on the KUKA LWR IV+ robotic manipulator highlights differences in their performance across scenarios involving varying payloads and modeling inaccuracies. The analysis emphasizes the trade-offs among control effort, error convergence, and robustness, offering insights into the suitability of each approach depending on the application’s requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyprien Tamekue , Islam Boussaada , Karim Trabelsi
{"title":"Prescribed exponential stabilization of scalar neutral differential equations: Application to neural control","authors":"Cyprien Tamekue , Islam Boussaada , Karim Trabelsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a control-oriented delay-based modeling approach for the exponential stabilization of a scalar neutral functional differential equation, which is then applied to the local exponential stabilization of a one-layer neural network of Hopfield type with delayed feedback. The proposed approach utilizes a recently developed partial pole placement method for linear functional differential equations, leveraging the coexistence of real spectral values to explicitly prescribe the exponential decay of the closed-loop solution. While a delayed proportional (P) feedback control may achieve stabilization, it requires higher gains and only allows for a shorter maximum delay compared to the proportional-derivative (PD) feedback control presented in this work. The framework provides a practical illustration of the stabilization strategy, improving upon previous literature results that characterize the solution’s exponential decay for simple real spectral values. This approach enhances neural stability in cases where the inherent dynamics are stable and offers a method to achieve local exponential stabilization with a prescribed decay rate when the inherent dynamics are unstable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Event-triggered drug dosage control strategy of immune systems via safe integral reinforcement learning","authors":"Lin Chen , Yongwei Zhang , Pan Yang , Xiaoyan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops an event-triggered drug dosage control strategy for immune systems with state and input constraints via safe integral reinforcement learning. By developing a novel performance index function with control barrier function included, the state and control input can be constrained within specified ranges, that is, the number of cells and the dosage of the drug can be maintained within the appropriate range, which ensures the safety of the immune system. Subsequently, the drug dosage control strategy is designed under the event-triggered mechanism, which means that it is updated only when necessary instead of periodically adjusted over time, effectively reducing the number of drug dosage control strategy adjustment and saving computational resources. Moreover, a single critic neural network structure is established to attain an approximate event-triggered drug dosage control strategy. Theoretical analysis shows that under the developed novel event-triggered condition, the approximate event-triggered drug dosage control strategy ensures the tracking error is uniformly ultimately bounded. Ultimately, the simulation experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed safe integral reinforcement learning based event-triggered drug dosage control strategy. Note that this drug dosage control strategy can adjust the quantities of pathogens and immune cells to the desired levels with minimal drug costs, achieving precise treatment while reducing drug side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of performance-guaranteed controller for trajectory tracking of surface vessels","authors":"Tan Zhang, Jinzhong Zhang, Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this investigation, a performance-guaranteed controller is created for surface vessel trajectory tracking in order to optimize the control system’s initial-state and stable-state features. First, an original high-order barrier functional is constructed to tackle the issue that the current integral barrier functional does not offer the necessary performance control. The prescribed performance function is subsequently revised based on the current one in order to change the rate of decline. It is easy to combine the enhanced prescribed performance function with the proposed barrier functional. Furthermore, the tracking controller for the surface vessel is built using the presented barrier functional, performance boundary function, and disturbance observer in order to preserve both initial-state and stable-state performances of the position error and address the effect of system uncertainty on control precision. It can be done to demonstrate that the position error stays inside the pre-set performance function and that all surface vessel errors could exponentially approach a nearby value of zero applying Lyapunov stability theory and supplied Theorem 1. Finally, a simulation experiment on a fully actuated marine vessel confirms the viability of the proposed approach to handle the performance-guaranteed tracking control by adjusting the value of various auxiliary parameters in the new barrier functional.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wu Yang , Xing Zhang , Li-Mei Wei , Yan-Wu Wang , Xiao-Kang Liu
{"title":"Concave K∞ function-based adaptive tracking control of nonlinear second-order system","authors":"Wu Yang , Xing Zhang , Li-Mei Wei , Yan-Wu Wang , Xiao-Kang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How to simultaneously avoid the chattering and overestimation phenomena in classical adaptive sliding mode control is interesting but challenging. In this paper, we investigate the tracking control issue for a class of nonlinear second-order system with external disturbances, in which the bound of external disturbances exists but is unknown. To solve issue, we introduce the so-called concave <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> function and design a continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller. We first show that both the sliding variable and tracking error can be regulated into an small vicinity of zero within finite time without overestimating the control gain and the unexpected chattering. We then validate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of dynamics, steady-state performance, and anti-interference capability through conducting simulation experiments on magnetic levitation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143358784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive tracking control for non-periodic reference signals under quantized observations","authors":"Chuiliu Kong , Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers an adaptive tracking control problem for stochastic regression systems with multi-threshold quantized observations. Different from the existing studies for periodic reference signals, the reference signals in this paper are non-periodic. The main difficulty is how to ensure that the designed controller satisfies the uniformly bounded and excitation conditions that guarantee the convergence of the estimation in the controller under non-periodic reference signals. This paper designs two backward-shifted polynomials with time-varying parameters and a special projection structure, which break through periodic limitations and establish the convergence and tracking properties. To be specific, the adaptive tracking control law can achieve asymptotically optimal tracking for the non-periodic reference signal in the mean square sense. Besides, the proposed estimation algorithm is proved to converge to the true values in almost sure and mean square sense, and the convergence speed can reach <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mfenced><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> under suitable design of the quantized weight coefficients. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive tracking control scheme is verified through a simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Vázquez , Daniel Quintana , Alan Tapia , Víctor Estrada-Manzo , Miguel Bernal
{"title":"Convex handling of nonlinear nominal models can overcome limitations on sliding mode observer design","authors":"David Vázquez , Daniel Quintana , Alan Tapia , Víctor Estrada-Manzo , Miguel Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejcon.2025.101192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This report establishes that overcoming limitations on standard synthesis of sliding mode observers, namely, the rank and size requisites for output/perturbation decoupling and the number of transformations required, depends on avoiding linear nominal systems. This task is achieved by two local diffeomorphisms which transform the system into a flexible nonlinear nominal structure plus disturbances. Based on such decomposition, convex modelling and optimization is employed to design the continuous part of the observer while the discontinuous one is adequately chosen to guarantee sliding over a nonlinear output error surface. Examples, both academic and physical, that cannot be treated by the standard methodology, are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50489,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Control","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}