Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of action of negative pressure wound therapy: a systematic review.","authors":"Bharadhwaj Ravindhran,&nbsp;Nicole Schafer,&nbsp;Annabel Howitt,&nbsp;Daniel Carradice,&nbsp;George Smith,&nbsp;Ian Chetter","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.24","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has significantly advanced wound care and continues to find new applications. Its effects at a molecular level however, remain a subject of debate. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of NPWT. Medline, Embase, EBSCO databases and clinical trial registries were searched from inception to January 2023. Clinical studies, animal models or in-vitro studies that quantitatively or semi-quantitatively evaluated the influence of NPWT on growth factors, cytokine or gene-expression in the circulation or wound-bed were included. Risk of Bias assessment was performed using the RoBANS tool for non-randomized studies, the COCHRANE's Risk of Bias 2(ROB-2) tool for randomized clinical studies, OHAT tool for in-vitro studies or the SYRCLE tool for animal model studies. A descriptive summary was collated and the aggregated data is presented as a narrative synthesis. This review included 19 clinical studies, 11 animal studies and 3 in-vitro studies. The effects of NPWT on 43 biomarkers and 17 gene expressions were studied across included studies. NPWT stimulates modulation of numerous local and circulating cytokines and growth factor expressions to promote an anti-inflammatory profile. This is most likely achieved by downregulation of TNF<i>α</i>, upregulation of VEGF, TGF-<i>β</i> and fibronectin.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of prostate cancer tissue metabolomics: would clinics utilise it for diagnosis?","authors":"Navneeta Bansal,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar,&nbsp;S N Sankhwar,&nbsp;Ashish Gupta","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between January 2004 and August 2022 that reported biomarkers for PC detection, development, aggressiveness, recurrence and treatment response. Although potential studies have reported the presence of distinguishing molecules that can distinguish between benign and cancerous prostate tissue. However, there are few studies looking into signature molecules linked to disease development, therapy response or tumour recurrence. The majority of these studies use high-dimensional datasets, and the number of potential metabolites investigated frequently exceeds the size of the available samples. In light of this, pre-analytical, statistical, methodological and confounding factors such as antiandrogen therapy (NAT) may also be linked to the identified chemometric multivariate differences between PC and relevant control samples in the datasets. Despite the methodological and procedural challenges, a range of methodological groups and processes have consistently identified a number of signature metabolites and pathways that appear to imply a substantial involvement in the cellular metabolomics of PC for tumour formation and recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on antimicrobial activities of green synthesised <i>Selaginella</i> silver nanoparticles.","authors":"Khushbu Wadhwa, Hardeep Kaur, Neha Kapoor, Soma M Ghorai, Renu Gupta, Arunima Sahgal","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.21","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. <i>Selaginella</i> species have attracted special attention of researchers worldwide due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and other secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Environment friendly green synthesised silver nanoparticles from <i>Selaginella</i> species provide viable, safe and efficient treatment against different fungal pathogens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to summarise the literature pertaining to superior antifungal ability of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using plant extracts of <i>Selaginella</i> spp. in comparison to both aqueous and ethanolic raw plant extracts by electronically collecting articles from databases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were taken into consideration while preparing this review. The titles and abstracts of the collected data were stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy included literature from established sources like PubMed, Google Scholar and Retrieval System Online using subject descriptors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 60 articles with unique hits. After removal of duplications, 46 articles were identified, 40 were assessed and only seven articles were chosen and included in this review based on our eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of <i>Selaginella</i> suggest higher drug potency of nanoparticles synthesised from plant extract against different diseases as compared to aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts. The study holds great promise as the synthesis of nanoparticles involves low energy consumption, minimal technology and least toxic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NF-<i>κ</i>B: a mediator that promotes or inhibits angiogenesis in human diseases?","authors":"Yijing Jiang,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Conglin Shi,&nbsp;Xingjuan Li,&nbsp;Yongying Jiang,&nbsp;Renfang Mao","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is conserved in invertebrates, plays a significant role in human diseases such as inflammation-related diseases and carcinogenesis. Angiogenesis refers to the growth of new capillary vessels derived from already existing capillaries and postcapillary venules. Maintaining normal angiogenesis and effective vascular function is a prerequisite for the stability of organ tissue function, and abnormal angiogenesis often leads to a variety of diseases. It has been suggested that NK-<i>κ</i>B signalling molecules under pathological conditions play an important role in vascular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumourigenesis by regulating the transcription of multiple target genes. Many NF-<i>κ</i>B inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment and their effect on angiogenesis is summarised. In this review, we will summarise the role of NF-<i>κ</i>B signalling in various neovascular diseases, especially in tumours, and explore whether NF-<i>κ</i>B can be used as an attack target or activation medium to inhibit tumour angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10020868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"microRNA pathological mechanisms between Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma and macular degeneration.","authors":"Hsiuying Wang","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various functions of organisms such as gene transcription, signalling transduction and immune response. However, overproduction of ROS can lead to oxidative stress, which is related to various ageing diseases including eye and brain degenerative diseases. Ocular measurements have recently been suggested as potential sources of biomarkers for the early detection of brain neurodegenerative diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are useful biomarkers for various diseases including degenerative diseases. miRNAs play an important role in the oxidative stress mechanisms of ageing diseases. In this paper, the role of miRNAs related to oxidative stress mechanisms in four ageing diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration was reviewed. The common miRNA biomarkers related to the four diseases were also discussed. The results show that these eye and brain ageing diseases share many common miRNA biomarkers. It indicates that the ocular condition may be a prognostic biomarker for PD or AD patients. When a patient's eye condition changes, this can be a warning of a change in PD or AD status.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicology of pharmaceutical and nutritional longevity compounds.","authors":"Cigdem Kahraman, Duygu Kaya Bilecenoglu, Suna Sabuncuoglu, Irem Tatli Cankaya","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.18","DOIUrl":"10.1017/erm.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is the most prominent risk factor for many diseases, which is considered to be a complicated biological process. The rate of aging depends on the effectiveness of important mechanisms such as the protection of DNA from free radicals, which protects the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. In any organism, not all organs may age at the same rate. Slowing down primary aging and reaching maximum lifespan is the most basic necessity. In this process, it may be possible to slow down or stabilise some diseases by using the compounds for both dietary and pharmacological purposes. Natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mostly plant-based nutraceuticals, are preferred in the treatment of age-related chronic diseases and can also be used for other diseases. An increasing number of long-term studies on synthetic and natural compounds aim to elucidate preclinically and clinically the mechanisms underlying being healthy and prolongation of life. To delay age-related diseases and prolong the lifespan, it is necessary to take these compounds with diet or pharmaceuticals, along with detailed toxicological results. In this review, the most promising and utilised compounds will be highlighted and it will be discussed whether they have toxic effects in short/long-term use, although they are thought to be used safely.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammasomes in breast cancer: the ignition spark of progression and resistance?","authors":"Sawsan Elgohary,&nbsp;Hend M El Tayebi","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation and immune evasion are major key players in breast cancer (BC) progression. Recently, the FDA approved the use of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (anti-PD-L1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against aggressive BC. Despite the paradigm shift in BC treatments, patients still suffer from resistance, recurrence and serious immune-related adverse events. These obstacles require unravelling of the hidden molecular contributors for such therapy failure hence yielding therapeutics that are at least as efficient yet safer. Inflammasome pathway is activated when the pattern recognition receptor senses danger signals (danger-associated molecular patterns) from damagedRdying cells or pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in microbes, leading to secretion of the active pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1<i>β</i> (IL-1<i>β</i>) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). It has been shown throughout numerous studies that inflammasome pathway enhanced invasion, metastasis, provoked BC progression and therapy resistance. Additionally, inflammasomes upregulated the proliferative index ki67 and enhanced PD-L1 expression leading to immunotherapy resistance. IL-1<i>β</i> contributed to significant decrease in oestrogen receptor levels and promoted BC chemo-resistance. High levels of IL-18 in sera of BC patients were associated with worst prognosis. Stimulation of purinergic receptors and modulation of adipokines in obese subjects activated inflammasomes that evoked radiotherapy resistance and BC progression. The micro RNA miR-223-3p attenuated the inflammasome over-expression leading to lowered tumour volume and lessened angiogenesis in BC. This review sheds the light on the molecular pathways of inflammasomes and their impacts in distinct BC subtypes. In addition, it highlights novel strategies in treatment and prevention of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin signalling pathway in breast cancer cells and its effect on reversing tumour drug resistance by alkaloids extracted from traditional Chinese medicine.","authors":"Xin-Lei Wu,&nbsp;Shen-Guo Lin,&nbsp;Yi-Wen Mao,&nbsp;Jun-Xian Wu,&nbsp;Chen-Da Hu,&nbsp;Rui Lv,&nbsp;Hong-Dou Zeng,&nbsp;Ming-Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Li-Zi Lin,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Ouyang,&nbsp;Ya-Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a high-risk disease with a high mortality rate among women. Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. However, chemotherapy eventually results in tumours that are resistant to drugs. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the activation of Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin signalling is crucial for the emergence and growth of breast tumours as well as the development of drug resistance. Additionally, drugs that target this pathway can reverse drug resistance in breast cancer therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine has the properties of multi-target and tenderness. Therefore, integrating traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine into chemotherapy provides a new strategy for reversing the drug resistance of breast tumours. This paper mainly reviews the possible mechanism of Wnt/<i>β</i>-catenin in promoting the process of breast tumour drug resistance, and the progress of alkaloids extracted from traditional Chinese medicine in the targeting of this pathway in order to reverse the drug resistance of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10109177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated phosphate metabolism in autism spectrum disorder: associations and insights for future research.","authors":"Ronald B Brown","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to exposure to toxic levels of dietary phosphate are lacking. Phosphate toxicity from dysregulated phosphate metabolism can negatively impact almost every major organ system of the body, including the central nervous system. The present paper used a grounded theory-literature review method to synthesise associations of dysregulated phosphate metabolism with the aetiology of ASD. Cell signalling in autism has been linked to an altered balance between phosphoinositide kinases, which phosphorylate proteins, and the counteracting effect of phosphatases in neuronal membranes. Glial cell overgrowth in the developing ASD brain can lead to disturbances in neuro-circuitry, neuroinflammation and immune responses which are potentially related to excessive inorganic phosphate. The rise in ASD prevalence has been suggested to originate in changes to the gut microbiome from increasing consumption of additives in processed food, including phosphate additives. Ketogenic diets and dietary patterns that eliminate casein also reduce phosphate intake, which may account for many of the suggested benefits of these diets in children with ASD. Dysregulated phosphate metabolism is causatively linked to comorbid conditions associated with ASD such as cancer, tuberous sclerosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, diabetes, epilepsy, obesity, chronic kidney disease, tauopathy, cardiovascular disease and bone mineral disorders. Associations and proposals presented in this paper offer novel insights and directions for future research linking the aetiology of ASD with dysregulated phosphate metabolism and phosphate toxicity from excessive dietary phosphorus intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10407224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> virulence factors: subversion of host immune system and development of various clinical outcomes.","authors":"Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh,&nbsp;Shaho Menbari,&nbsp;Abbas Pishdadian,&nbsp;Hadi Farsiani","doi":"10.1017/erm.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/erm.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a worldwide spread bacterium, co-evolving with humans for at least 100 000 years. Despite the uncertainty about the mode of <i>H. pylori</i> transmission, the development of intra-gastric and extra-gastric diseases is attributed to this bacterium. The morphological transformation and production of heterogenic virulence factors enable <i>H. pylori</i> to overcome the harsh stomach environment. Using numerous potent disease-associated virulence factors makes <i>H. pylori</i> a prominent pathogenic bacterium. These bacterial determinants are adhesins (e.g., blood group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA)/sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA)), enzymes (e.g., urease), toxins (e.g., vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA)), and effector proteins (e.g., cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)) involved in colonisation, immune evasion, and disease induction. <i>H. pylori</i> not only cleverly evades the immune system but also robustly induces immune responses. This insidious bacterium employs various strategies to evade human innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to a life-long infection. Owing to the alteration of surface molecules, innate immune receptors couldn't recognise this bacterium; moreover, modulation of effector T cells subverts adaptive immune response. Most of the infected humans are asymptomatic and only a few of them present severe clinical outcomes. Therefore, the identification of virulence factors will pave the way for the prediction of infection severity and the development of an effective vaccine. <i>H. pylori</i> virulence factors are hereby comprehensively reviewed and the bacterium evasion from the immune response is properly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50462,"journal":{"name":"Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine","volume":"25 ","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9834572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}