Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Clinical value of the fibrosis-4 index in predicting decompressive craniectomy after mechanical thrombectomy in stroke.","authors":"Halil Ay, Fatma Ebru Algül, Yüksel Kablan","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0093","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Large artery occlusion (LAO) often leads to malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, for which mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment. However, successful reperfusion may result in ischemia/reperfusion injury, causing brain edema or hemorrhagic transformation. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a life-saving procedure used to manage intracranial hypertension and prevent brain herniation. Recent studies suggest that liver fibrosis may increase the risk of stroke, even after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index - a simple, noninvasive marker of liver fibrosis calculated using age, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and platelet count - may have clinical utility in this context. This study aimed to determine whether the FIB-4 index at admission can predict the need for DC in patients with LAO acute ischemic stroke undergoing MT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients who underwent MT at two comprehensive stroke centers in southern and eastern Turkey between January 2022 and December 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received DC. The FIB-4 index was calculated using the formula: (ASAT × age) / (platelet count × √ALAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who underwent DC were significantly older and had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, FIB-4 index values, and rates of hemorrhagic transformation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a FIB-4 cutoff value of 1.24 (area under the curve: 0.85), with 70% sensitivity and 93% specificity for predicting the need for decompressive surgery. Non-adjusted univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the FIB-4 index was a strong independent predictor of DC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FIB-4 index emerged as a significant and independent prognostic marker for identifying patients at risk of requiring decompressive surgery following MT for acute ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Two successful thrombectomies in a patient with thrombocytopenia].","authors":"Sándor Márki, Anna Számel, András Nagy, Péter Hausinger, Klára Piukovics, Melinda Lukács, Péter Klivényi","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0140","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction - Thrombectomy is considered to be the most effective treatment of large vessel occlusion. Until now, there are few recommendations whether thrombectomy can be safely performed in case of severe thrombocytopenia. We present a case of a 64-year-old male patient under treatment for multiple myeloma. He received lenalidomide treatment for his disease, with the known side effect of myelosuppression, leading to severe thrombocytopenia. Results - In our thrombocytopenic patient, two successful thrombectomies were performed due to the occlusion of the basilar and left middle cerebral arteries. On the control CT scan minimal bleeding was detected after the second thrombectomy. After both interventions improvement of the neurological symptoms occurred. Therapeutic anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation was restarted after platelet count had returned to the normal level. His haematological treatment was continued, with the discontinuation of lenalidomide responsible for the cytopenia and thrombogenic tendency. Investigation for thrombophilia was performed and two thrombosis predisposing abnormalities were revealed. He is currently in a good clinical condition. Discussion - In our thrombocytopenic patient, two successful thrombectomies were performed due to the occlusion of the basilar and left middle cerebral arteries. On the control CT scan minimal bleeding was detected after the second thrombectomy. After both interventions improvement of the neurological symptoms occurred. Therapeutic anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation was restarted after platelet count had returned to the normal level. His haematological treatment was continued, with the discontinuation of lenalidomide responsible for the cytopenia and thrombogenic tendency. Investigation for thrombophilia was performed and two thrombosis predisposing abnormalities were revealed. He is currently in a good clinical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Developing anti-CD20 molecules and B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis].","authors":"Zsolt Illés","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0131","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The efficacy of anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recognized since 2008. Since then, three anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies - ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab - have been developed and approved for MS treatment, whereas rituximab, the first monoclonal antibody shown to be effective, remains an off-label therapy in this indication. Anti-CD20 antibodies deplete B cells primarily through two mechanisms: complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The relative contribution of these mechanisms differs among individual antiCD20 antibodies. NK cell-mediated ADCC is modulated by the glycosylation state of the antibody Fc region as well as by genetic polymorphisms in FcγRIIIa, the Fc receptor on NK cells responsible for Fc binding. Fc engineering can enhance ADCC and partially overcome the functional consequences of FcγRIIIa polymorphisms. This article reviews the structure and mechanisms of action of immunoglobulins and anti-CD20 antibodies; outlines the development of antibody humanization and Fc engineering to enhance efficacy and tolerability; presents clinical data from ublituximab treatment; and discusses additional strategies for achieving effective B-cell depletion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[New developments in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: review of the 2024 McDonald's criteria].","authors":"Zsolt Mezei","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0121","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis have changed several times in recent decades, aiming to detect the disease as early as possible while reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. Since the introduction of the last 2017 criteria, significant progress has been made in several areas, the need for further modifications has arisen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The new criteria, compiled through consensus recommendations, was presented in 2024 and published in October 2025. Separate manuscripts were dedicated to presenting the role of the most important paraclinical tests. Hereby we present the summary of the most important novelties regarding the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the compilation, participants insisted on two general aspects: the criteria should be applicable worldwide and paraclinical tests should play an essential role in diagnostics. Detection of characteristic MRI lesions continues to be fundamental in the diagnosis. The inclusion of the optic nerve as a fifth anatomical region and the detection of the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesion reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, while the kappa free light chain index can be used to substitute for oligoclonal gammopathy in establishing the diagnosis. By developing a unified biological framework, patients with different disease courses, and under appropriate conditions, patients with atypical symptoms or asymptomatic individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome can also be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The recommendations related to older age and comorbidities are primarily helpful in differential diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Periodic updating and standardization of diagnostic criteria and the use of biomarkers can facilitate the diagnostic process, provide opportunity for early initiation of therapy, and influence the later quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-drug therapies in the treatment of migraine].","authors":"Marianna Tóth","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0007","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of migraine is complex, and non-pharmacological methods are useful and necessary complements or alternatives to pharmacotherapy. We reviewed techniques that can be recommended for the treatment of episodic and chronic migraine attacks and prevention, and described methods for which there is no evidence of effectiveness. The most important of the therapies that can be recommended for migraine prevention are the elimination of provoking factors, lifestyle modification and regular exercise, and some diets have also been suggested to be beneficial. Based on the available evidence, supplementing preventive treatment with acupuncture or psychological therapy reduces the frequency of headaches in episodic migraine, and some psychological techniques may also be recommended for chronic migraine or attack therapy. Among the nutritional supplements, the effectiveness of riboflavin, magnesium and Q10 have been clinically proven to be effective in the preventive treatment of migraine. Interventional and invasive neuromodulation techniques are not widespread due to specific equipment requirements and increased risk of complications, however, based on good tolerability, some non-invasive methods can be recommended in the treatment of chronic migraine attacks and prevention. A large proportion of patients try other complementary or alternative methods, the efficacy or ineffectiveness of which has not been clinically proven, and therefore cannot be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of Gasserian ganglion block and pulsed radiofrequency in the treatment of chronic cluster headache: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Mustafa Kemal İlik, Faik İlik, Devrimsel Harika Ertem","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0045","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of Gasserian ganglion block and pulsed radiofrequency in managing chronic cluster headache (CCH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 38 patients with treatment-resistant CCH who were admitted between March 2020 and January 2024 and underwent Gasserian ganglion pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) combined with a ganglion block. Patients were followed up for six months, with pain severity assessed using the 0-10 Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 38 patients (mean age 30.8 ± 8.6 years), the mean headache duration before treatment was 29.72 ± 17.65 months, and patients reported an average of 19.11 ± 2.01 headache days per month. Before the procedure, the mean NPRS score was 8.81 ± 0.80, which significantly decreased to 4.13 ± 3.74 post-treatment (p=0.001) and further declined to 3.38 ± 1.59 at the six-month follow-up (p=0.002). Four patients became pain-free, while 13 did not benefit from the procedure. The mean number of headache days dropped to 6.40 ± 4.22 per month (p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results showed a significant reduction in pain and attack frequency with Gasserian ganglion block and PRF for treating CCH resistant to standard therapies, with many patients requiring less medication. The procedure was well-tolerated, with mild and temporary side effects; these findings suggest it may be a promising option for drug-resistant CCH. Future studies should include controlled trials for further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy during pregnancy in emergency department setting.","authors":"Sarper Sevdimbas, Selen Acehan, Salim Satar, Muge Gulen, İhsan Dengiz, Figen Topalak","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0027","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Pregnant women diagnosed with epilepsy are in the high-risk group for maternal and neonatal complications. We aimed to analyze pregnant patients admitting to the emergency department (ED) with epileptic seizures, to investigate the treatment regimens applied during pregnancy, and to examine the effects of seizure frequency during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 53 pregnant epilepsy patients presenting to the ED with seizures. Demographic and clinical data, medication use, outcomes, along with neonatal APGAR scores, were recorded using a standard form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, 32.1% of patients were hospitalized, and 41.5% discontinued their medication, with 47% of this subgroup experiencing hospitalization (p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that the hospitalization rates of pregnant patients presenting to the ED with epileptic seizures are significantly affected by factors such as the type of antiepileptic drug used, medication compliance, and admission lactate levels. Additionally, irregular use of medications is associated with higher incidences of seizures during pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke management challenges and innovations in Hungary and China: A comparative study.","authors":"Anna Gaál, Yufei Wei, Reziya Abuduxukuer, Dániel Bereczki, László Csiba, László Oláh, Liping Liu","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0017","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Stroke is a leading cause of death globally, placing a particularly high burden on Hungary and China. Our study aimed to compare the epidemiology, acute management, and stroke prevention strategies based on Hungarian and Chinese data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature review using Hungarian and Chinese epidemiological data, national health reports and guidelines, local protocols for stroke management, and publications related to prevention strategies. Data collection involved PubMed and MEDLINE databases; we also included results from the Global Burden of Disease Study to compare stroke incidence and mortality data in the two populations. The analysis of data from the two countries allowed for the identification of key trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the global decline in stroke-related mortality, Hungary's age-standardized stroke mortality rate remains above the European average, while a 32% increase has been seen in stroke-related deaths since 1990 in China. Even with the implementation of national stroke prevention initiatives, an increasing trend is observed in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in both countries. The stroke management protocols of both nations align with international guidelines, including recommendations for intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, as well as efforts to establish stroke center networks and systems that enhance prehospital care efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While advancements in stroke management are evident in both Hungary and China, challenges persist in optimizing stroke prevention, reducing \"stroke-to-needle time\", and expanding rehabilitation services.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal muscle thickness: A new tool to assess sarcopenia in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Nedim Ongun","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0053","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder cha- racterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. However, it can also lead to non-motor symptoms such as cognitive impairments and sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between screening and diagnostic methods for sarcopenia and temporal muscle thickness in Parkinson's disease patients, and to assess the utility of temporal muscle thickness measurement as an indicator of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted with Parkinson's disease patients in a single neurology clinic. A total of 38 patients were included. Temporal muscle thickness was measured manually using brain computed tomography and muscle strength was assessed with handheld dynamometer. Malnutrition risk, sarcopenia risk and functional disease stage (Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr stage) were also evaluated in entire group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean temporal muscle thickness and handgrip strength were 6.12±1.05 mm and 18.30±5.55 kg respectively. Mean disease duration was 8.13±3.11 years and the median H&Y stage was 2.21. There was a significant correlation between temporal muscle thickness and age (r=-0.326, p=0.046), SARC-F score (r=-0.738, p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Measurement of temporal muscle thickness using brain computed tomography in Parkinson' s disease patients may be a useful method for muscle mass determination and treatment of sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between headache types and severity with psychiatric comorbidity in adolescents.","authors":"İbrahim Adak, Zeynep Ece Toksoy, Oğuz Bilal Karakus, Büşranur Oğuz Selçu, İpek Süzer Gamli, Özalp Ekinci, Füsun Mayda Domaç","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0059","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Headache is a prevalent health concern among children and adolescents, affecting approximately 54.4% of this population. It has a negative impact on functionality and is associated with psychiatric conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and comorbidity of headache among adolescents seeking care at a child psychiatry outpatient clinic and to compare the psychiatric conditions of adolescents with and without headache by using specific assessment scales.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included a total of 306 patients (201 females, 105 males), comprising 108 adolescents with headache and 198 without headache, who were admitted to the Child&Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of a Mental and Nervous Diseas- es Training and Research Hospital. Patients presenting with complaints of headache were referred to the neurology department of the hospital for diagnosis and classification. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Adaptation was administered to all participants. Additional self-report scales including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Forms 1 and 2, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Young Internet Addiction Test - Short Form were given. Parents filled out the Conners' Parent Rating Scale and the Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants, 35.3% (n=108) have reported headache, divided into two subgroups; 58 had migraine and 50 had tension-type headache. The prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder as a comorbid diagnosis was found to be significantly higher in the migraine group compared to those without headache (p=0.009). Nevertheless, there was no difference between migraine and tension type headache groups in terms of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses (p>0,05). The participants in both headache groups exhibited significantly elevated scores on the CDI, STAI-1 and STAI-2 in comparison to those without headache (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was identified between headache severity and both depression and trait anxiety severity among participants with headache. When classified according to the course of headache, chronic migraine was associated with higher Turgay and Conners scores, while chronic tension-type headache showed significantly higher CDI, STAI-1, and STAI-2 scores compared to episodic forms (p = .003-.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychiatric comorbidities are common in adolescents with headache, necessitating a comprehensive assessment that considers both conditions. This approach is crucial, as it has the potential to significantly influence the diagnosis, severity, progression, and treatment of these comorbidities, thereby ensuring comprehensive care and superior outcomes for affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 1-2","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}