Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"[The current status of pump therapy options for advanced Parkinson's disease in Hungary].","authors":"Norbert Kovács, Mirtill Rohonczi, Annamária Juhász, Zsuzsanna Aschermann, Márk Harmat, Dávid Pintér","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0175","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and aim - Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. In advanced PD, motor fluctuations, dyskinesias and non-motor complications increasingly undermine autonomy and quality of life and may exceed the efficacy of optimized oral/transdermal therapy. We review the current state of infusion (pump) therapies in Hungary, where levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) has been reimbursed since 2011, continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) since2021, levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intrajejunal infusion (LECIG) since 2022, and subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion since 2024. Based on the National Health Insurance Fund (NEAK) database, 15 392 men and 15 691 women attended reimbursed care for PD between Nov 2024 and Dec 2025. Despite broad availability, NEAK drug-traffic data (Oct 2025) indicate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Multidisciplinary treatment of mycotic cerebral aneurysm, a thousand-faced disease, case report and literature review].","authors":"Csaba Zsolt Oláh, Benedek Oláh, Ádám Székely, Dávid Nagy","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0205","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the case of a mycotic aneurysm located on the frontopolar artery (A3) causing subarachnoid hemorrhage and frontal mass hemorrhage. We urgently attempted to occlude the parent vessel, but this was technically unfeasible. Severe vasospasm occurred on the 4th day after the bleeding. We noticed a high fever, the blood culture confirmed a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Endocarditis and vegetation were confirmed by echocardiography. We use targeted combined antibiotic therapy. After definitive eradication of endocarditis, control MRA and DSA confirmed the healing of the ruptured mycotic aneurysm. This is the first case report where a ruptured mycotic aneurysm healed with conservative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"205-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitosis as a potential risk factor in restless leg syndrome: Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp.","authors":"Erman Altunisik, Tuncay Celik, Tuba Gul, Yeliz Kasko Arici, Ulku Karaman, Behice Han Almis, Ali Arik, Hatice Ekinci","doi":"10.18071/isz.78.0161","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.78.0161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The pathophysiology of restless leg syndrome is not yet clear, but the dopaminergic system is thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic neuronal receptor abnormalities exist in the basal ganglia in restless leg syndrome. This study aimed to investigate whether Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. infections are possible causes of neuropathological involvement in restless leg syndrome (RLS) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample comprised a total of 174 participants, including 99 pa-tients with RLS and 75 healthy controls. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies was subsequently investigated using ELISA (EUROIMMUN). The relationship between the severity of the disease, as categorized into four stages, and the seropositivity of T. gondii and Toxocara were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of anti-T. gondii anti-body positivity was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic T. gondii and Toxocara infections may contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying RLS, and chronic toxoplasmosis may increase RLS disease severity. This study may help improve screen- ing approaches in the management of RLS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fremanezumab and erenumab for migraine prophylaxis - real-world data from Hungary].","authors":"Eszter Balogh, Judit Áfra, Krisztina Boór, György Bozsik, Anett Csáti, Csaba Ertsey, Máté Héja, István Kellermann, Levente Kerényi, Ferenc Nagy, Tamás Nagypál, Gabriella Ormayné Kovács, Árpád Párdutz, Boglárka Sinka, Mariann Székely, Délia Szok, János Tajti, Terézia Zsombók","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0189","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorder affecting predominantly women and significantly impairing quality of life. The introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) pathway represents a major advancement in preventive therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the realworld effectiveness of erenumab and fremanezumab in Hungarian migraine patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective multicenter study, data from 12 Hungarian headache centers were collected between May and Az alábbi dokumentumot magáncélra töltötték le az eLitMed.hu webportálról. A dokumentum felhasználása a szerzői jog szabályozása alá esik. December 2024. A total of 200 patients receiving erenumab or fremanezumab were included. Migraine subtype, sex, and treatment characteristics were recorded. The number of monthly migraine days and triptan use were compared between the 3 months prior to treatment initiation and the third month of therapy. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signedrank tests, and permutation tests where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatments resulted in a significant reduction in monthly migraine days and triptan use in patients with episodic and chronic migraine (all p < 0.001). In fremanezumab-treated patients, median monthly migraine days decreased from 10.0 to 2.0 in episodic migraine and from 17.5 to 6.0 in chronic migraine. In the erenumab group, mean monthly migraine days decreased from 10.8 to 4.3 (episodic) and from 18.6 to 8.9 (chronic). Triptan use also significantly declined in both groups. Nonresponse was observed in a small proportion of patients. Treatment effectiveness was confirmed in both sexes, although statistical power was limited in male subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-world data from Hungarian centers demonstrate that both erenumab and fremanezumab are highly effective in reducing migraine burden and acute medication use within the first three months of therapy. These findings support the use of CGRP-targeting monoclonal antibodies as effective preventive treatments, while highlighting the need for further studies on sex-specific treatment responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of PRRT2 mutation with temporary cerebellar diffusion restriction that mimics acute cerebellitis.","authors":"Ruken Simsekoglu, Asuman Orhan Varoglu, Elif Yilmaz Gulec, Gizem Aynur Aktas, Ozge Gonul Oner","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0213","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose - This case report presents a pa- tient with recurrent cerebellitis attacks cha-racterized by acute cerebellar diffusion restriction due to a PRRT2 gene mutation, who demonstrated complete recovery.Case report -  A 21-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with imbalance, vomiting, dizziness, and speech disorder. Neurological examination showed bilateral abnormal cerebellar tests. Diffusion restriction was seen in the right cerebellar hemisphere, and hyperintensity was seen in the same regions on the T2-Flair MRI sequence. The viral panel, culture, and biochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations were all within normal ranges. We diagnosed the patient with acute cerebellitis. A three-month corticosteroid treatment regimen was initiated after the first episode, and subsequent relapses were managed similarly. The patient's MRI results and clinical findings both fully improved. However, two more attacks were documented in the patient's history like the other attacks. The patient experienced recurring episodes and has a history of infantile epilepsy. Whole exome sequencing revealed compound he- te- rozygous pathogenic PRRT2 variants: he-terozygous c.649dupC (p. Arg217Profs*8) and a heterozygous 16p11.2 microdeletion encompassing PRRT2 gene.Conclusion - Biallelic pathogenic PRRT2 variants usually cause a severe phenotype compared to monoallelic variants. PRRT2 should be considered in cases of episodic movement disorders with reversible cerebellar diffusion restriction, as they may underlie recurring acute cerebellitis episodes. Longterm monitoring may be crucial for manage- ment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"213-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of thoracic vertebral fracture in COVID 19 patients receiving intensive treatment for severe pneumonia.","authors":"Ádám Székely, Miklós Szabó, Zsófia Kardos, Dávid Nagy, Benedek Oláh, Péter Tamáska, Zsuzsanna Oláh, Csaba Zsolt Oláh","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0197","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a complex impact on the incidence of spinal fractures. In 2020, Luigi di Filippo et al. published a surprising retrospective monocentric (in Milan) clinical study. X-rays of 114 COVID-19 infected pneumonia patients were examined in the first wave of pandemic and thoracic vertebral fractures were confirmed in 36% of the patients. They demonstrated that pneumonia patients with thoracic vertebral fractures required longer hospitalization and were significantly more likely to require mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate of pneumonia patients with thoracic vertebral fractures was 22%, compared to 10% without thoracic vertebral fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the second wave of COVID-19, 220 patients were treated in our hospital for COVID pneumonia. We processed the data of these patients and compared them with the Milan results. In addition, we analyzed the entire literature available on this topic. Each patient's pneumonia was confirmed by chest CT. We decided which patients developed a vertebral fracture based also on CT. CT analysis was performed by two independent neuroradiologists. We comprehensively analyzed the clinical, pulmonological and radiological conditions of our patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of our 220 COVID pneumonia patients was 56.8 years. Pneumonia was GGO dominant in 76.3% of our patients. The mean hospitalization of the patients was 8.3 days. Noninvasive ventilation was required in 7.7% of our patients, and invasive ventilation in 11.4%. We confirmed a thoracic vertebral fracture only in 2 of our 220 patients. There was no significant difference in age, comorbidities, and symptoms between the patients in Milan and our study; however, a significant difference was demonstrated in the incidence of thoracic vertebral fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our retrospective study, with vitamin D supplementation, careful patient rotation, and complex intensive care, the rate of thoracic spine fractures in patients with very severe COVID pneumonia can be reduced to below 1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"197-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Case report: VPS16 - a new cause of generalized dystonia].","authors":"András Salamon, Dénes Zádori, László Szpisjak, Zoltán Maróti, Tibor Kalmár, Péter Klivényi","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0209","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction - Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, which is highly diverse, both clinically and genetically. With the rise of next-generation sequencing, the number of genes associated with dystonia is increasing. Genetic testing is particularly important to predict the effectiveness of widely used therapeutic approaches (e.g., deep brain stimulation/DBS).Case report - The symptoms of a 69-yearold female patient began at the age of 18 years. Her symptoms developed gradually, i.e., cervical abnormal postures and movements first, followed by tongue movement problems, writer's cramp and speech difficulty. At the age of 38, she became severely disabled. During the neurological examination, generalized dystonia as well as occasional choreoathetoid movement elements on the upper limbs were observed. We noticed dysphagia, dysarthria and occasional oro-facial and cervical dyskinesia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated minimal cortical atrophy. The whole exome sequencing analysis detected a heterozygous pathogenic nonsense mutation in the VPS16 gene. The patient is currently receiving clonazepam therapy with moderate symptom relief. Trihexyphenidyl treatment has not been attempted because the significant side effects of the previously tried anticholinergic drug. Although DBS was offered, the patient refused this treatment.Conclusion - Dystonia caused by mutation of the VPS16 gene (autosomal dominant) is a recently recognized new form of hereditary dystonia. The disease is characterized by early-onset progressive, generalized dystonia, with the predominant involvement of orofacial, bulbar, cervical and upper limb regions. Currently there is no clear recommendation for treatment, however, beneficial effects of DBS as well as botulinum toxin have been reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"209-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Awards of Hungarian neurology and their awardees: 1936-2025].","authors":"Dániel Bereczki","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18071/isz.79.0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>A professional award, in addition to recognizing individual achievement, is also a measure of the identity of the discipline: the award and its regular issuance proclaim the existence, continuous activity and importance of the given field. An award and the associated symbol - medal, plaque, diploma, lecture - are the intellectual and physical embodiments of the independence of the field. The list of awards and awardees is an important element of the history of the profession. The purpose of this study is to review the awards of Hungarian neurology of the past 9 decades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Hungarian Neurological Society - formerly the Hungarian Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists, MIET - is also an umbrella organization that brings together independent professional societies in several neurological subfields. I tried to identify existing awards and awardees through discussions with representatives of these societies, visiting the society and clinical websites, reviewing available society documents, consulting with medal artists, numismatists, chief museologists of the Hungarian National Museum, the Semmelweis Museum of Medical History, the Hungarian National Gallery and the Móra Ferenc Museum in Szeged, with the heads of the archives and records of Semmelweis University, and with experienced colleagues who are currently or were previously active in the professional life of neurology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16 awards are related to Hungarian neurology: the Schaffer Károly Memorial Medal (1936-), the Sántha Kálmán Memorial Medal (1981-), the Lissák Kálmán Award (1983-), the Miskolczy Dezső Award (1994-), the Környey Memorial Medal awarded to researchers under the age of 35 (1995-), the Jelencsik Ilona Memorial Medal (2004-), the Környey Memorial Tree (2005-), the Dr. Schaffer Károly Memorial Foundation Award for young neurologists and psychiatrists (2007-), the Miskolczy Dezső Memorial Award Lecture (2012-), the George Karpati Award (2013-), the Nagy Aladár Award (2015-), the Pásztor Emil Award (2016-), the Csanda Endre Memorial Diploma (2017-) and the József Baló Memorial Lecture (2018-). The journal Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle awards the best original publication of the year since 2000 and from 2024 onwards the best Hungarian-language publication of the year written by a young (under 35 years of age) first author. Over the past 9 decades (between 1936-2025), more than two hundred persons and 26 publications have been awarded by the committees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The awards given by neurological specialties for decades reflect the diversity of our profession, its current and future raison d'être.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Paradigm shift in multiple sclerosis patient care at the Center of Neuro-immunology, Semmelweis University - data of 17 years].","authors":"Anna Iljicsov, János Bíró, Zsolt Mezei, Dániel Milanovich, Nárcis Tegze, Magdolna Simó","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0103","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>In the last two decades, the quality of life and life expectancy of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have improved, related to the growing number and efficacy of disease-modifying drugs (DMD). Due to multifactorial causes, the prevalence of MS has also increased. Our aim was to assess and quantify the changes of patient management in clinical practice in the last 17 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of all out- and inpatients seen at the Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, we have screened those who have at least once received the diagnostic code of MS (G35 in ICD-10) in calendar years of 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2022. After reviewing their medical documents, we have validated the MS diagnosis and examined the duration of inpatient stays, the number of outpatient consultations and type of DMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The yearly number of MS patients seen at the Department has grown from 139 in 2006 to 514 in 2022. The proportion of patients who have received at least one type of DMD in the given year has changed from 21.6% to 76.8% respectively. While in 2006, 54.7% of patients had to be hospitalized at least once in relation with MS, in 2022 only a minority (6%) needed inpatient care, but with a difference between treated and untreated patients (3.8% vs 13.4%). Regarding outpatient consultations, not only its absolute yearly number, but also the yearly number per patient has grown (from 1.7 in 2006 to 5.1 in 2022), especially among treated subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In accordance with international and Hungarian guidelines, the ratio of MS-patients receiving DMD has greatly increased, and - probably not independently of this trend - the need for hospitalization has diminished. Paralelly, the outpatient management load multiplied. These changes should be considered when allocating resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Resting state fMRI studies in first episode psychosis patients: a narrative literature review].","authors":"Réka Ildikó Zsigmond, Máté Baradits, Gábor Csukly, János Réthelyi","doi":"10.18071/isz.79.0111","DOIUrl":"10.18071/isz.79.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>A central hypothesis to understand the pathophysiological background of psychosis is the modified and disconnected spontaneous activity between different brain regions. Studying patients experiencing first episode psychosis (FEP) is important, because the effects of long-term drug therapy and chronic disease processes are smaller and do not interfere with understanding the original brain processes. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) provides a detailed working picture of the macroscopic connectivity structures of the brain. Furthermore, it is instrumental for understanding the biological processes of psychoses, and may have a role in the diagnosis. Studies to date provide evidence that disruption of brain networks is a fundamental factor in the development of psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of our study is to review the literature, with a particular focus on how rs-fMRI can be used to understand early psychosis as a neurodevelopmental disorder. In this narrative literature review, we used the search terms \"first episode psychosis\" and \"resting state fMRI\", and focused on the newer English language publications. Based on the search results, the studies were divided into two broad groups. First, we summarise the methods used to study functional connectivity. In the second half of the article, we discuss the analytical techniques that investigate regional brain activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FEP is characterized by decreased local network connectivity, while increase of global network connectivity is also observable. The majority of the papers have demonstrated the role of frontotemporal connections and thalamus. Studies examining regional homogeneity also support frontostriatal changes. Decreased activity has been measured in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Several studies have described increased activity in the striatum and putamen. In addition, there has recently been an increasing focus on the cerebellum. Most studies have found hyperconnectivity between the cerebellum and the prefrontal cortex, the praecuneus and temporal regions, and in the cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reviewed studies support that rs-fMRI is an important tool in investigating FEP. However, the results are very heterogeneous, as a consequence of the different methods and analysis techniques. In the future, standardized protocols should help data collection and analysis to reduce heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50394,"journal":{"name":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle-Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"79 3-4","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}