International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity最新文献

{"title":"Long-term impacts of co-designed sustainable park improvements on physical activity and other wellbeing behaviours: a 7-year natural experimental study in a deprived urban area.","authors":"Jack S Benton, Jamie Anderson, Atticus Morley, Junyan Ye, Ellie Barker, Timothy Wu, Vanessa G Macintyre, James Rothwell, Matthew Dennis, David P French","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01918-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01918-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Creating or improving urban parks is a promising intervention for promoting physical activity (PA). However, robust natural experimental evidence of effectiveness remains limited, particularly regarding long-term impacts. We previously showed that co-designed, sustainable urban park improvements in a deprived UK area increased walking and other wellbeing-related behaviours up to 15 months post-intervention. We now examine whether these effects were sustained five years post-intervention (seven years after baseline). METHODS: Two intervention sites were matched to two comparison sites, with two additional nearby comparison sites included to assess wider neighbourhood trends. Outcomes were assessed using systematic observations at baseline (2018), 15 months post-intervention (2021), and five years post-intervention (2025). The primary outcome was change in the number of people walking; secondary outcomes included vigorous PA, sedentary behaviour, social interactions, and taking notice of the environment. Multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial regression models compared changes between intervention and comparison sites, adjusting for day of week, time of day, and precipitation. Additional analyses compared 15-month (2021) and five-year (2025) follow-ups to assess how intervention effects evolved over time. Intercept surveys assessed self-reported outdoor space use at baseline (2019; n = 217) and follow-up (2025; n = 232). RESULTS: From baseline to five years post-intervention, walking at the intervention sites significantly increased by 70% relative to the comparison sites (IRR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–2.82). Significant increases were also observed for sedentary behaviour, social interactions, and taking notice of the environment. Comparison of the 15-month and five-year follow-ups indicated some attenuation of intervention effects over time. Observations at nearby comparison sites suggested that these effects were not attributable to wider neighbourhood trends. The largest increases in observed park use were among young people and non-white ethnic groups. Intercept surveys corroborated the observational findings, showing significantly greater increases in self-reported outdoor space use in the intervention area. CONCLUSIONS: Co-designed, sustainable urban park improvements can generate long-term increases in walking and other wellbeing-related behaviours in deprived urban areas, with effects persisting for at least five years. Urban green space interventions, which can target areas with the greatest need, therefore represent an effective long-term strategy for increasing PA. STUDY PROTOCOL: Study protocol published in Open Science Framework before the first follow-up data collection finished ( https://osf.io/zqgcn ). Date of registration: 18 August 2020. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the intention-behavior gap in physical activity among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study of self-control strategy use and dynamics.","authors":"Qianru Liu, Fang Xie, Zheshuai Yang, Pingping Guo, Rujia Zhao, Ying Jin, Xiaojuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Shu Li, Hengchang Liu, Suwen Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01923-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01923-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Although pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) often intend to engage in physical activity (PA), they may struggle to translate these intentions into action. Self-control could support PA goal pursuit among this population, as it enables individuals to prioritize health goals over immediate rewarding temptations, such as the urge to rest or sedentary leisure. However, the role of self-control has received limited attention in the existing studies. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how pregnant women with GDM use self-control to bridge the gap between PA intention and behavior in daily life. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. 24 pregnant women with GDM were recruited using purposive sampling at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, from April to May 2025. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: conflict between the pursuit of PA goals and temptations, context-adaptive self-control strategies for PA, and dynamics of self-control for PA during pregnancy. Despite strong PA intentions driven by concerns for maternal and fetal health, pregnant women with GDM reported conflicts between their goals and temptations, with rationalization of temptations emerging as a key psychological process linked to reduced PA engagement. To manage this conflict, pregnant women with GDM employed four types of self-control strategies: internal drive strategies based on health cognition and self-motivation, autonomous construction of external supervision strategies, technology-enabled strategies, and behavioral automation strategies. Self-control for PA was found to be dynamic in response to metabolic, physical, and psychosocial contexts, characterized by feedback-driven goal adjustment, strategies switching, self-control failure coping, and self-control motivation fluctuation throughout pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a self-control perspective to better understand and promote PA engagement in pregnant women with GDM. Healthcare providers may consider supporting these women to identify and reappraise rationalizations of temptations, develop a personalized repertoire of self-control strategies with technological support, and foster self-control motivation for PA habit formation. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13227627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise on multiple health outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of 176 randomized controlled trials and its implications for global obesity prevention.","authors":"Jie Men, Pengbo Wang, Jingwen Wang, Guoyu Zhu, Zhengyang Yu, Simin Wu, Yuxi Zhang, Weiqi An, Zhaowei Li, Rui Ma, Ruiqi Zhang, Shufeng Li, Yaoyong Wang, Penghong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01913-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01913-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: The continuing rise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents portends a life-course public-health crisis. Although evidence has been accumulating that exercise interventions improve health in those with overweight or obesity, few studies have integrated multidimensional health outcomes within a unified analytical framework. To systematically evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on multidimensional health outcomes—including anthropometric, cardiometabolic, cardiorespiratory, and mental health indicators—among children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, and to explore implications for global obesity prevention and control. METHODS: Six databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Data) were searched from inception to January 10, 2025, for randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Data were pooled using random- or fixed-effects models, as appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0), and the certainty of evidence was rated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251169879). RESULTS: A total of 176 trials (11,696 participants from 32 countries) were analyzed. Exercise interventions significantly reduced body mass index (MD: −1.25 kg m−2, 95% CI: −1.51 to −0.98), waist circumference (MD: −2.86 cm, 95% CI: −3.52 to −2.20), and body fat percentage (MD: −2.39, 95% CI: −2.81 to −1.96); improved cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption MD: 2.83 mL kg−1 min−1, 95% CI: 2.17 to 3.50; peak oxygen uptake MD: 2.56 mL kg−1 min−1, 95% CI: 1.86 to 3.27); and lowered resting heart rate (MD: −2.89 bpm, 95% CI: −3.82 to −1.97). Cardiometabolic indicators also improved, with reductions in systolic blood pressure (MD: −3.90 mmHg, 95% CI: −5.34 to −2.46) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −1.70 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.68 to −0.71); total cholesterol (MD: −0.35 mmol/l, 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.27), triglycerides (MD: −0.23 mmol/l, 95% CI: −0.28 to −0.17), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: −0.28 mmol/l, 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.20) decreased, accompanied by an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: 0.08 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.10). Fasting glucose (MD: −0.20 mmol/l, 95% CI: −0.26 to −0.13) and fasting insulin (MD: −3.93 µU/mL, 95% CI: −4.80 to −3.06) also declined. Regarding mental health, exercise improved self-esteem (SMD: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.33) and self-worth (SMD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.39), although the evidence for effects on depression and anxiety was limited. The observed effects varied across prespecified subgroups defined by exercise dose and type, region, country income level, sex, and obesity or metabolic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise interventions consistently improved multidimensional health outcomes in children and adolescents wit","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13224709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring change in school-based practices that promote children's healthy eating and active living: a psychometric study.","authors":"Carolyn D Rider, Ramsha Baig, Janice Kao, Sridharshi C Hewawitharana, Gail Woodward-Lopez, Miranda Westfall Brown","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01921-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01921-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Public health interventions targeting youth nutrition and physical activity often focus on changing policies, systems, and environments (PSE) in schools. To support rigorous evaluation of PSE efforts, this study examined whether the School Site-Level Assessment Questionnaire (SLAQ), a self-assessment instrument for schools serving grades kindergarten through 12 (K-12), was sufficiently sensitive to measure changes in schools’ nutrition and physical activity practices in response to interventions. METHODS: This longitudinal, observational study included 69 K-12 schools in low-income California communities that completed School SLAQs in two consecutive school years (2022 and 2023) and reported PSE and/or nutrition education interventions in school year 2022. Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests compared changes in nutrition and physical activity practices measured by the School SLAQ between years among schools with relevant interventions. RESULTS: Statistically significant increases in median nutrition (by 0.06, p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.42) and PA (by 0.07, p < 0.001; ES = 0.64) overall domain scores were observed among schools implementing corresponding interventions. Statistically significant increases were also observed in six of nine practice areas: school meal and beverage quality (by 0.04 [95% CI: 0.002–0.07]), meal environment and promotion (by 0.04 [95% CI: 0.01–0.08]), non-meal food and beverage quality and promotion (by 0.09 [95% CI: 0.05–0.13]), non-physical education physical activity opportunities (by 0.09 [95% CI: 0.02–0.17]), physical activity facilities (by 0.07 [95% CI: 0.03–0.12]), and nutrition education (by 0.10 [95% CI: 0.01–0.18]), among schools implementing corresponding interventions. CONCLUSION: The School SLAQ is, to our knowledge, the only tool demonstrated to measure changes in the K-12 school nutrition and physical activity environment. This comprehensive and valid instrument can be a valuable tool for schools and public health partners when planning and evaluating the effectiveness of school-based PSE interventions, as well as measuring the impact of policy initiatives. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13224441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional movement behaviours and preschool children's social-emotional development.","authors":"Hayley Christian, Emma K Adams, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Phoebe George, Andrea Nathan, Stewart G Trost, Jasper Schipperijn, Valerie Carson","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01911-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01911-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Individually, sufficient physical activity and sleep and limited sedentary behaviour are associated with favourable social-emotional development in preschool-aged children. However, these behaviours are interdependent. Thus, we examined the effect of preschool children’s 24-hour movement behaviour compositions (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep) on social-emotional development. METHODS: Wave one data from the PLAY Spaces and Environments for Children’s Physical Activity (PLAYCE) cohort study (Perth, Western Australia) were utilised (1,073 children aged 2-5-years). Daily physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep were measured using accelerometry and parent-report surveys. Social-emotional development was measured using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Compositional data analysis examined associations between movement behaviour compositions and social-emotional development. RESULTS: Movement behaviour compositions were significantly associated with total difficulties (p = 0.008), emotional problems (p = 0.04), peer problems (p = 0.031) and hyperactivity (p = 0.002). More sleep and energetic play, relative to other movement behaviours, were associated with better social-emotional development. Reallocating light-intensity activity and games to sleep and sedentary behaviour were associated with better social-emotional development. After separating sedentary behaviour into screen time and quiet play, reallocating screen time and light-intensity activity and games in favour of quiet play were associated with better social-emotional development. CONCLUSION: Reallocating some of the daily time spent in light-intensity activities and games and screen time to sleep and energetic play could be beneficial for preschool children’s social-emotional development. Future movement behaviour composition studies should examine different types of sedentary behaviour as well as the longitudinal impact of movement behaviour composition on children’s social-emotional development. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13224659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.","authors":"Sanne Karlsen Melum, Torsten Martiny-Huenger","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01915-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01915-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or implementation intentions, are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13195971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of increasing availability of vegetarian meals on their sales in worksite cafeterias: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Elisa Becker, Emma E Garnett, Peter Scarborough, Steven Cummins, Bea Savory, Oliver Huse, Claire Thompson, Jessica Brock, Michael Clark, Jessica Renzella, Martin White, Rachel Pechey","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01889-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01889-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND : Reducing meat consumption is critical for planetary health and could benefit public health. Restructuring food environments – such as increasing vegetarian meal availability – has been shown to influence dietary choices in online and university canteen settings. However, evidence from more diverse populations is limited. METHODS : We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial in six English worksite cafeterias over seven weeks. The intervention involved replacing one meat-based meal on the lunch menu with a vegetarian option. Likelihood of selecting a vegetarian meal (primary outcome) was analysed in a logistic regression with random intercept for cafeteria and fixed effect for time. Secondary outcomes included nutritional and sustainability markers (e.g., kilocalories, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions), revenue, and food waste. Interviews with cafeteria staff and customers explored intervention acceptability and barriers. RESULTS : The intervention encompassed 26,170 meal sales over 42 site-weeks. The intervention increased the likelihood of selecting a vegetarian meal by 41% [95% CI: 28 to 55]. Per-meal kilocalories were reduced by 26.1 [95% CI -34.4 to -17.7], and per-meal GHGs by 0.16 kg CO2-eq [-0.22 to -0.11]. No significant negative impacts on business outcomes such as cafeteria revenue (-98.43 GBP [-436.03 to 239.17]) or food waste (-8.25 kg [-48.38 to 31.87]; -61.64 GBP [-306.80 to 183.53]) were found. Customers and staff reported that the intervention was acceptable, non-intrusive, and easy to implement, with concerns about customer dissatisfaction and food waste not confirmed by our data. Suggestions for improvement included greater attention to pricing and taste to further encourage uptake. CONCLUSIONS : Increasing the availability of vegetarian meals in cafeterias can significantly shift food choices and reduce environmental impact and calories consumed, without compromising business outcomes, and should be considered an effective strategy for sustainability and public health in diverse food service settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN36918695. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response relationship between physical activity and subjective sleep quality in patients with insomnia: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Zan Huang, Youzheng Zhang, Wenxin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01905-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01905-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a prevalent public health concern with significant consequences for well-being. While physical activity (PA) is recognized as a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention, its precise dose-response relationship with subjective sleep quality remains insufficiently quantified. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of PA on subjective sleep quality in patients with insomnia and to quantitatively delineate the dose–response relationship using Bayesian meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of PA on subjective sleep quality in participants diagnosed with insomnia were included. A Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled effect sizes (Hedges’g) with 95% Credible Intervals (CrI). Dose–response relationships were modelled using restricted cubic splines to identify minimum and optimal dosages. Dosage was expressed as the weekly volume in MET-minutes (Metabolic Equivalent of Task × minutes/week). The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: 24 RCTs involving 1,591 participants were included. Bayesian synthesis indicated low evidence that PA significantly improves subjective sleep quality compared with inactive controls (Hedges’g = -0.56, 95% CrI: -0.68, -0.45). Dose–response analysis revealed a non-linear “L-shaped” relationship. Benefits accrued rapidly at lower volumes, with a minimum effective dose estimated at 100 METs-min/week. The therapeutic effect peaked at an optimal dose of approximately 650 METs-min/week (Hedges’g = -0.64, 95% CrI: -0.85, -0.44), beyond which additional volume yielded diminishing marginal returns. Moderation analyses indicated that the effect was more pronounced in adults (Hedges’ g = -1.00) than in older adults (Hedges’ g = -0.51), and was consistent across different diagnostic methods and measurement instruments. Various types of exercise, including aerobic, strength, mind-body, and multicomponent training, all demonstrated beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity is an effective treatment for insomnia, characterized by an L-shaped dose–response curve. The relationship is characterized by a rapid initial benefit at low volumes, with a statistically significant response observed at 100 MET-min/week and a plateau in effect occurring at approximately 650 MET-min/week, beyond which additional volume yields diminishing returns. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD420251172873. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.","authors":"Jet D S van de Geest, Valeria-C Cuenca, Linda J Schoonmade, Luis Cereijo, Diana J Mora, Paul Meijer, Jeroen Lakerveld","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01912-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01912-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a major behavioural determinant of obesity and other noncommunicable diseases. Although the health benefits of PA are well established, many populations, particularly socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, remain insufficiently active. Neighbourhood characteristics play an important role in shaping population physical activity (PA) levels, for example through walkable streets, bikeable infrastructures, playgrounds, green- and blue spaces, and sport facilities. However, PA-supportive environments may be unequally distributed across SEP groups. This systematic review provides a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on socioeconomic inequalities in neighbourhood environments that promote PA across different life stages in high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In February 2024, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus. Eligible studies were quantitative primary research examining objective measures of neighbourhood PA-promoting environments alongside at least one individual- or area-level socioeconomic indicator. Titles and abstracts were screened with ASReview, and full texts were screened manually in duplicate. Data were extracted with a predefined form, and risk of bias was assessed with an adapted version of the AXIS tool. We synthesised our findings narratively and by reported proportions of associations indicating disadvantaged exposure, advantaged exposure, or no statistically significant difference for people with lower SEP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 250 studies were included. Overall, people with lower SEP were more likely to live in areas with (components of) walkable and bikeable infrastructure, and to have playgrounds nearby, but less likely to have access to formal sports facilities. For other PA-promoting environments, findings were largely null. Patterns varied across age groups, study regions, statistical approaches, and SEP indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Populations with lower SEP were more exposed to walkability components, bikeability, and playgrounds, but less exposed to sports facilities. For most other environments, no clear differences were found. Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to PA environments are nuanced rather than uniform. This complexity highlights the need to consider multiple environmental features together and to tailor equity-focused interventions to local contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13231669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of physical and social neighbourhood environment with movement behaviours among schoolchildren: a compositional data analysis.","authors":"Ruirui Xing, Jerome N Rachele, Venurs Loh, Dorothea Dumuid, Željko Pedišić","doi":"10.1186/s12966-026-01879-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-026-01879-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: How schoolchildren distribute their time between movement behaviours may be impacted by the neighbourhood environment. Few studies have investigated the associations between the physical and social environment and the full movement behaviour composition, including times spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behaviour, and sleep, and their findings are inconsistent. Therefore, our aim was to investigate this association in a large, national-representative sample of schoolchildren from major cities and regional/remote areas. METHODS: We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children and the Child Health CheckPoint study, collected among 1230 child-parent pairs (child age range: 10–12 years). Parents were asked about neighbourhood general safety, access to destinations and services, and social capital and cohesion. Children’s time spent in MVPA, LPA, sedentary behaviour, and sleep was assessed using wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometers. The associations between the physical and social environment characteristics (independent variables) and movement behaviour composition expressed as isometric log ratio coordinates (dependent variables) were examined using multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, body mass index, pubertal status, sex, and socioeconomic position. RESULTS: Among schoolchildren from regional/remote areas, access to destinations and services (Pillai’s trace = 0.030; p = 0.010), as well as social capital and cohesion (Pillai’s trace = 0.024; p = 0.032) were associated with movement behaviour composition. In specific, better access to destinations and services was associated with higher MVPA and lower LPA, while higher social capital and cohesion were associated with higher MVPA and LPA, and lower sedentary behaviour (with negligible changes in the remaining movement behaviours). We did not find a significant association between general safety and the movement behaviour composition among schoolchildren from regional/remote areas (Pillai’s trace = 0.005; p = 0.641) or any significant associations among schoolchildren from major cities (p > 0.050 for all). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of access to destinations and services, as well as social capital and cohesion, in shaping the movement behaviour composition among schoolchildren from regional/remote areas. More research is needed to draw conclusions about the association between neighbourhood environment and movement behaviour composition among schoolchildren from major cities. </p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}