International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity最新文献

{"title":"Elementary school compliance with a state recess minimum requirement by racial and geographic factors: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Erin K Howie, Samantha M Harden, Daheia J Barr-Anderson, Christopher R Long","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01730-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01730-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recess is a part of school-based physical activity promotion offered worldwide with equitable recess access a social justice issue. From a policy perspective, in the U.S. few states currently require elementary school recess and little is known about its implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine the current implementation of one state system as a case study to investigate minimum recess requirement and to compare the implementation between school geographic and racial factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational study of the implementation of one state's minimum daily recess requirement of 40-minutes recess was conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year. A school audit of provided recess time was conducted of all public elementary schools in Arkansas through an online search of bell schedules, a survey sent to principals and physical education teachers, and phone call surveys to school offices. Key demographic and geographic features of the schools included enrollment data (e.g., race, grade, and % Free-and-Reduced Lunch composition), rurality, and region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recess information was obtained from 384 (73%) of 526 eligible schools with an average student enrollment of 398 students (SD 154), 19.8% (SD 27.9) Black student enrollment, and 63.8% (SD 20.0%) students receiving free-and-reduced lunch. 306 (85.5%) schools met recess requirements. There were no differences in meeting recess requirements by rurality. Of schools with higher Black student enrollment (≥ 25% Black enrollment), 75.3% met recess requirements compared to 89.5% in schools with lower Black enrollment (< 25% Black enrollment, OR 0.36, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.78, p =.010). There were differences in survey-reported available playground spaces and equipment between by meeting recess requirements and Black student enrollment (p <.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Schools in a state with a 40-minute daily recess requirement reported high compliance with the state policy. However, students in schools with higher Black student enrollment were less likely to meet the 40-minute recess requirement, and thus strategies are needed to ensure all students have access to recess opportunities. Ensuring equal access to recess through wide-reaching place-based and policy-based strategies may be a step in reducing health and education disparities, especially among populations where disparities are greatest.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of new urban trail infrastructure on physical activity and active transportation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of natural experiments.","authors":"Isaak Fast, Christie Nashed, Jack Lotscher, Nicole Askin, Hannah Steiman De Visser, Jonathan McGavock","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01729-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01729-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cities in Western countries are investing billions of dollars in new cycling infrastructure (urban trails) to support active transportation (AT) and leisure-type physical activity (PA). Little empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness of urban trails on changes in AT or PA.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>We searched CINAHL, OVID, SPORTDiscus, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID), Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar for articles published from 2010 to 2023. We included controlled experimental studies that reported PA, AT or trail counts as outcome measures before and after construction of an urban trail. A modified risk of bias tool was employed to assess the methodological quality of each selected study (Prospero ID: CRD42023438891).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three independent reviewers screened abstracts from 3936 articles identified in the original search and identified 24 articles that met inclusion criteria: 11 studies (n = 11,464) that measured changes in PA, 8 studies (n = 92,001) that measured changes in cycling traffic and 5 studies (n = 4,958,203) that measured changes in rates of AT/cycling. Meta-analysis revealed that new trails increased PA levels among individuals in proximity to one, compared to those living in control areas (SMD = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20; I² = 73%; n = 11,464). This effect was marginally stronger when data were restricted to individuals living in closest proximity to trails (SMD = 0.14; 96% CI: 0.06 to 0.25, I² = 74%; n = 8234). Meta-analyses were not possible for measures of AT and cycling counts. All studies were at high risk of bias due to a failure to adhere to reporting guidelines for quasi-experimental studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is limited but intriguing evidence that the addition of protected urban trails increases daily PA for individuals living in neighbourhoods that receive them. The strength of this evidence could be enhanced with the application of and adherence to principles of causal inference and increased diversity of individuals included in study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent physical activity profiles as determinants of emerging adults' physical activity.","authors":"Mathieu Bélanger, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Pierre Philippe Wilson Registe, François Gallant, Salma Jemaa, Pierre Faivre, Daniel Saucier, Saïd Mekari","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01732-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01732-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although adolescent physical activity (PA) tracks into adulthood, it is unclear if the context of PA practiced during adolescence predicts adult PA. We previously identified five adolescent PA profiles and aimed to assess associations between these profiles and levels of PA in emerging adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the first 8 years of the MATCH study, when participants were 11 to 18 years, we identified five adolescent PA profiles: \"non-participants\" (9% of the sample), \"dropouts\" (30%), \"active in unorganized PA\" (19%), \"active in organized PA\" (27%), and \"active through a variety of PA\" (15%). The same participants reported their PA level (IPAQ) 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years later when they were emerging adults (20, 21, 22, and 23 years). The adolescent PA profiles were included in a mixed-distribution two parts model as predictors of i) the probability of reporting any PA during emerging adulthood, and ii) the PA level of emerging adults reporting PA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Being categorized as \"non-participant\" or \"dropout\" during adolescence was associated with similar likelihoods of reporting PA and PA level during emerging adulthood. In contrast with \"non-participants\", those in the \"active-unorganized\" (OR, 95% CI: 2.8, 2.1-3.8), \"active-organized\" (2.4, 1.7-3.2), and \"active-variety\" (3.7, 3.3-5.1) were considerably more likely to report any PA during emerging adulthood. Among emerging adults who reported some PA, those with an adolescent profile of \"active-unorganized\", \"active-organized\" and \"active-variety\" had higher PA levels than \"non-participants\" (all p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Profiles of PA participation during adolescence represent strong predictors of PA in emerging adulthood. Promoting participation in various types of PA during adolescence is key to preventing low PA among emerging adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definitions of determinants of physical activity behaviour: process and outcome of consensus from the DE-PASS expert group.","authors":"Jan Dygrýn, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Joana Cruz, Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam, José Carlos Ribeiro, Laura Capranica, Ciaran MacDonncha, Yael Netz","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01728-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01728-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite extensive research on physical activity behaviour (PAB), consensus is lacking on related terms and definitions, thereby hindering the ability to compare findings between studies and to develop reliable assessment tools. This study therefore aimed to establish consensus on the definitions of key PAB determinants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, an international expert steering committee was established, comprising members of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action \"DEterminants of Physical ActivitieS in Settings\" (DE-PASS). Recently published review-level studies were used to identify key determinants of PAB. Two independent reviewers systematically reviewed the literature to catalogue the range of definitions used for key determinants of PAB (steps 1-2). A two-round modified Delphi survey was conducted online from February to September 2023, to determine the optimal definition for each determinant. In round 1, experts selected the most suitable definition for each of the 41 initially identified determinants. In round 2, experts ranked the appropriateness of the definition selected from round 1 on a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥ 75% agreement on the definition (i.e., ratings of ≥ 4 points). A professional English language expert ensured concise, coherent wording and high-quality editing of the definitions (steps 3-6).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-five experts in PAB research participated in round 1, and sixty-nine experts in round 2. Consensus of definitions was achieved for 39 of the 41 determinants (88.4%-98.6% agreement). The consensus threshold was not achieved for two determinants: genetic profile and regulation (69.6%) and backyard access/size (73.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study offer a consensus-based set of definitions for 39 key determinants of PAB. These definitions can be used homogenously in academic research on physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a whole systems action plan promoting Dutch adolescents' sleep health.","authors":"Danique M Heemskerk, Maartje M van Stralen, Jessica T Piotrowski, Carry M Renders, Vincent Busch","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01711-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01711-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate sleep health is a public health problem among Dutch adolescents with detrimental effects on their physical and mental well-being. System approaches are increasingly being used to understand and address public health problems. Therefore, a recent study created a comprehensive Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) that integrated all relevant determinants of adolescent sleep health, underlying system dynamics and potential leverage points. Building on that, the current study aims to design a 'whole systems action plan' to promote sleep health of Dutch adolescents, combining systems science with a participatory approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five (multi)stakeholder sessions with adolescents (N = 40, 12-15 years), parents (N = 14) and professionals (N = 13) were organized to co-create actions addressing preselected leverage points derived from the previously mapped CLD. Subsequently, three sessions with multidisciplinary representatives of regional and national oriented (health) organizations (N = 27) were held using the World Café Methodology to identify intervention actions as well as potential implementers. The Action Scales Model (ASM), a tool to understand and change the system at different levels (i.e., event, structure, goal, belief) of the system, was used to create a coherent whole systems action plan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The created whole systems action plan consisted of 66 (sets of) actions across different ASM levels (i.e., event, structure, goal, belief) targeting 42 leverage points across five subsystems: school environment N = 24; mental wellbeing N = 17; digital environment N = 9; family & home environment N = 9; personal system N = 7. Per action potential implementers were identified, which included amongst others schools and public health services. The previously mapped CLD visualizing system dynamics shaping adolescent sleep health were supplemented with how dynamics can be changed via the actions identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resulting whole systems action plan provides a subsequent step in applying a whole systems approach to understand and promote adolescent sleep health. Combining a systems approach, using the ASM, and a co-creation approach was found to be mutually reinforcing and helpful in developing a comprehensive action plan. This action plan can guide strategic planning and implementation of actions that promote systemic change. With this, it is important to ensure coherence between actions being developed and implemented to increase the potential for lasting systems change.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health behaviour interventions to improve mental health outcomes for students in the university setting: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"Sandya Streram, Tracy Burrows, Mitch J Duncan, Melinda Hutchesson","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01718-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01718-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>University students incur significantly elevated levels of stress compared to the general population and their non-student counterparts. Health risk behaviours are important modifiable determinants for the onset and aggravation of various mental health disorders, in which, university students generally exhibit poor engagement. Thus, this study aims to determine the efficacy of health behaviour interventions in relation to change in health behaviour and mental health outcomes, the impact of interventions (i.e., penetration, fidelity, and implementation), intervention characteristics associated with improved outcomes (efficacy) and the economic evaluation of interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) published from the 1st January 2012 to 11th July 2023. Eligible RCTs included university students, evaluated behavioural interventions targeting health behaviours (i.e. dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, alcohol use, substance use, smoking, and sleep) and reported a change in both health behaviour and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two RCTs met the study inclusion criteria. Overall, only seven studies were effective in improving both health behaviour and mental health outcomes, with most (n = 4) focused on improving sleep behaviours. Insufficient evidence was found regarding intervention impact, intervention characteristics associated with improved outcomes and the economic evaluation of interventions to guide future implementation of health behaviour interventions in universities due to inadequate reporting of outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of health behaviour interventions in improving both health behaviour and mental health outcomes. There is also insufficient evidence regarding intervention impact, intervention characteristics associated with improved outcomes and economic evaluation to guide the implementation of these interventions in the university setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between physical activity and frailty transitions in middle-aged and older adults: a nationwide longitudinal study.","authors":"Li Huang, Zhenzhen Liang, Huajian Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01725-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01725-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty has become an important health problem in the middle-aged and older people population. Physical activity (PA) is a key intervention for frailty prevention and management. However, studies of the association between COVID-19 pre-pandemic PA and the worsening or improvement of frailty during the pandemic remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal cohort study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), including participants aged 50 and over. Three intensities of PA (vigorous, moderate, and mild) were categorized as less than once per week and at least once per week, respectively, based on participant self-report. The frailty index (FI) assessed the frailty status, defining frailty as FI ≥ 25. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between PA and frailty, estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 4379 non-frail participants at baseline (median age 67, 54.9% female), 8.1% developed frailty during a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Among 564 frail participants at baseline (median age 71, 66.5% female), 17.9% regained health. Compared to those engaging in PA less than once per week, participants who engaged in vigorous (OR: 0.47 [95% CI: 0.35-0.62]), moderate (OR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.29-0.48]), or mild (OR: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.26-0.56]) PA at least once a week had a lower risk of frailty worsening. Additionally, participants who engaged in moderate (OR: 2.04 [95% CI: 1.29-3.21]) or mild (OR: 2.93 [95% CI: 1.54-5.58]) PA at least once a week had a higher likelihood of frailty improvement. Sensitivity analyses based on comprehensive PA levels confirmed these findings. Participants who maintained at least one PA per week had lower frailty worsening (Vigorous, OR: 0.20 [95%CI: 0.12-0.33]; Moderate, OR: 0.13 [95%CI: 0.09-0.19]; Mild, OR: 0.20 [95%CI: 0.11-0.38]) and higher frailty improvement rates (Moderate, OR: 3.43 [95%CI: 1.93-6.11]; Mild, OR: 4.65 [95%CI: 1.90-11.42]). In addition, individuals (Vigorous, OR: 0.35 [95%CI: 0.20-0.60]; Moderate, OR: 0.36 [95%CI: 0.22-0.56]) who transitioned from inactive to active also exhibited a lower risk of frailty.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasized the critical role of PA in preventing and improving frailty in middle-aged and older people, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study also highlighted the importance of maintaining PA habits to reduce frailty risk and promote its improvement. Also, the study indicated that individuals who transitioned from inactive to active had a lower risk of frailty. These findings enriched the understanding of the association between PA and frailty and provided valuable insights for addressing the health impact of future pandemics on middle-aged and older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11895274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contexts, affective and physical states and their variations during physical activity in older adults: an intensive longitudinal study with sensor-triggered event-based ecological momentary assessments.","authors":"Julie Delobelle, Sofie Compernolle, Tomas Vetrovsky, Jelle Van Cauwenberg, Delfien Van Dyck","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01724-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01724-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To design effective tailored interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among older adults, insights are needed into the contexts in which older adults engage in PA and their affective and physical experiences. Sensor-triggered event-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative method for capturing real-life contexts, as well as affective and physical states, during or immediately after specific events, such as PA. This study aimed to (1) describe the physical and social contexts, and the affective and physical states during PA among older adults, (2) evaluate how these constructs fluctuate during PA episodes, and (3) describe affective states during PA according to the context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An intensive longitudinal sensor-triggered event-based EMA study was conducted with 92 Belgian older adults (65 + years). During seven days, participants were monitored using a Fitbit, which triggered a smartphone-based questionnaire on the event-based EMA platform 'HealthReact' after a five-minute walk. Participants reported on contexts and affective (positive/negative valence) and physical states (pain and fatigue) during the PA event. Descriptive statistics and generalized mixed models were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults predominantly engaged in daily physical activities, such as walking for transport, leisure walking, and gardening, rather than structured exercise. They consistently reported high positive affect, low negative affect, and minimal physical complaints during PA. Furthermore, older adults mainly engage in physical activities alone, particularly in outdoor settings. Variations in contexts, affect, and fatigue were mostly driven by within-subject differences. The model showed significant differences across times of day, with negative affect being highest in the evening and fatigue lowest in the morning. Additionally, the physical and social context influenced negative affect (but not positive affect), with outdoor activities performed alone and indoor activities performed with others being associated with lower negative affect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While these findings could enhance the effectiveness of tailored PA interventions, it remains unclear whether the observed affective and physical states are causes or effects of PA, and whether the contexts in which the activities were performed align with older adults' preferences. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and to better understand older adults' preferred PA contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of sport and exercise participation in adolescence with body composition and device-measured physical activity in adulthood: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT study.","authors":"Atle Kongsvold, Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno, Mats Flaaten, Aleksej Logacjov, Kerstin Bach, Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen, Paul Jarle Mork","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01726-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01726-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To examine whether adolescent sport and exercise participation is associated with adulthood moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body fat, skeletal muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI), and to explore whether the association between sport and exercise participation and adult body composition depends on adulthood MVPA level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective study of 4603 adolescents aged 13-18 year (57.2% female) in the Norwegian Young-HUNT Study and follow-up ~ 11 or ~ 22 years later. Linear regression was used to estimate mean differences in accelerometer-measured MVPA and bioimpedance-measured body fat, muscle mass, and BMI in adulthood according to self-reported sport and exercise participation in adolescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents participating in sport/exercise every day accumulated more MVPA (48 min/week, 95% CI 23 to 73), had less body fat (-4.4%, 95% CI -5.4 to -3.2), more muscle mass (2.6%, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.2), and lower BMI (-1.1 kg/m², 95% CI -1.7 to -0.5) as adults, compared to adolescents participating < 1 day/week. Joint analysis showed that adolescents who participated in sport/exercise ≥ 4 days/week, and who accumulated 150-299 min/week MVPA in adulthood, had less body fat (-5.8%, 95% CI -7.4 to -4.3) and more muscle mass (3.4%, 95% CI, 2.5 to 4.3) compared to those participating in sport/exercise ≤ 1 day/week and who accumulated < 150 MVPA min/week as adults. Compared to the same reference group, these associations were further strengthened among those who accumulated ≥ 300 min/week MVPA in adulthood and reported ≥ 4 days/week of sport/exercise for both body fat (-8.8%, 95% CI -10.3 to -7.4) and muscle mass (5.1%, 95% CI 4.3 to 5.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescent sport and exercise participation is positively associated with MVPA, and skeletal muscle mass, and inversely associated with body fat and BMI in adulthood. These associations remained significant after adjusting for adult MVPA levels. A higher MVPA level in adulthood strengthens the association between adolescent sport/exercise participation and adult body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience sampling method studies in physical activity research: the relevance of causal reasoning.","authors":"Louise Poppe, Annick L De Paepe, Benedicte Deforche, Delfien Van Dyck, Tom Loeys, Jelle Van Cauwenberg","doi":"10.1186/s12966-025-01723-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-025-01723-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The experience sampling method (ESM), also known as ecological momentary assessment, is gaining popularity in physical activity research. This method involves assessing participants' behaviors and experiences repeatedly over time. One key advantage of ESM is its ability to temporally separate the dependent and independent variable of interest, reducing the risk of reverse causality. However, temporal separation alone is insufficient for establishing causality. This methodology paper illustrates the importance of the identification phase in drawing causal conclusions from ESM data. In the identification phase the causal effect of interest (or estimand) is specified and the assumptions under which a statistical association can be considered as causal are visualized using causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We demonstrate how to define a causal estimand and construct a DAG for a specific ESM research question. The example focuses on the causal effect of physical activity performed in real-life on subsequent executive functioning among older adults. The DAG development process combines literature review and expert consultations to identify time-varying and time-invariant confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed DAG shows multiple open backdoor paths causing confounding bias, even with temporal separation of the exposure (physical activity) and outcome (executive functioning). Two approaches to address this confounding bias are illustrated: (1) physical control using the within-person encouragement design, where participants receive randomized prompts to perform physical activity in their natural environment, and (2) analytic control, involving assessing all confounding variables and adjusting for these variables in the analysis phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing the identification phase enables ESM researchers to make more informed decisions, thereby enhancing the validity of causal inferences in studies aimed at answering causal questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","volume":"22 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}