International Journal of Biological Markers最新文献

{"title":"Nomogram for predicting neutropenia in patients with esophageal, gastric, or colorectal cancer treated by chemotherapy in the first cycle.","authors":"Tian Tian, Wenjun Hu, Jiqing Hao","doi":"10.1177/03936155241228304","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155241228304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Development and validation of a predictive model including serum vitamin concentration to estimate the risk of chemotherapy-induced grade 3/4 neutropenia in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, or colorectal cancer patients who receive the first cycle of chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 535 patients treated at the Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 1, 2020, to March 2, 2022, were used to derive the predictive model. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was performed to screen potential risk characteristics, and multivariate logistic regression was utilized to investigate efficient factors associated with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. A nomogram was constructed using this logistic model. This nomogram was then tested on a temporal validation cohort containing 212 consecutive patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cohort of all 747 eligible patients, grade 3/4 neutropenia incidence was 45.2%. Age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status, neutrophil count, serum albumin, and hemoglobin data were entered into the final model. The performance of the final predictive nomogram was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in both the development and validation datasets. The calibration curves indicated that the estimated risks were accurate. Decision curve analysis for the predictive model exhibited improved clinical practicality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, we established an accessible risk predictive model and identified valuable serum vitamin concentration parameters associated with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The predictive model may improve the grade 3/4 neutropenia risk prediction in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies who receive oxaliplatin- and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy and help physicians make appropriate decisions for disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of fecal microbial diagnostic marker sets of colorectal cancer using natural language processing method.","authors":"Houcong Liu, Changpu Song, Jidong Wang, Zhufang Chen, Xiaohong Zhang, Hekai Zhou, Linhong Yao, Dan Chen, Wenhao Gu, Rui-Kun Huang, Bing-Kun Huang, Bo-Wei Han, Jihui Du","doi":"10.1177/03936155231210881","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231210881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer screening and early detection greatly increase the chances of successful treatment. However, most cancer types lack effective early screening biomarkers. In recent years, natural language processing (NLP)-based text-mining methods have proven effective in searching the scientific literature and identifying promising associations between potential biomarkers and disease, but unfortunately few are widely used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used an NLP-enabled text-mining system, MarkerGenie, to identify potential stool bacterial markers for early detection and screening of colorectal cancer. After filtering markers based on text-mining results, we validated bacterial markers using multiplex digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Classifiers were built based on ddPCR results, and sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7 of the 14 bacterial markers showed significantly increased abundance in the stools of colorectal cancer patients. A five-bacteria classifier for colorectal cancer diagnosis was built, and achieved an AUC of 0.852, with a sensitivity of 0.692 and specificity of 0.935. When combined with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), our classifier achieved an AUC of 0.959 and increased the sensitivity of FIT (0.929 vs. 0.872) at a specificity of 0.900.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides a valuable case example of the use of NLP-based marker mining for biomarker identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA class II polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers for right and left-sided colon cancer.","authors":"Amani Attia, Awatef Lagha, Amel Mezlini, Ezzedine Ghazouani, Besma Yacoubi-Loueslati, Imene Namouchi","doi":"10.1177/03936155231224469","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231224469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Characterization of new prognostic biomarkers for right-sided CC (RCC) and left-sided CC (LCC) may contribute to improving early detection. An association of human leukocyte antigens class II (HLA-II) with the predisposition to CC was suggested.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>We evaluated the association of DRB1 and DQB1 with the risk of LCC and RCC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Our study comprised 93 CC patients and 100 healthy controls. Genotyping of HLA class II alleles were performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence-Specific Primers (PCR-SSP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DRB1*03 was positively associated with CC. In contrast, DRB1*11, DRB1*13, DQB1*03, and DQB1*05 were negatively linked to CC. Haplotype analysis revealed that DRB1*04-DQB1*04 and DRB1*09-DQB1*02 were positive, while DRB1*01-DQB1*05, DRB1*04-DQB1*03, DRB1*07-DQB1*02, DRB1*11-DQB1*03, DRB1*11-DQB1*05, and DRB1*13-DQB1*06 were negatively associated with CC. For sigmoid CC, DRB1*13, DRB1*11, and DQB1*05 were negative, while DRB1*04-DQB1*02, and DRB1*07-DQB1*03 were positively associated. DRB1*03 and DRB1*04-DQB1*04 were positive, while DRB1*11 and DQB1*03 were negatively linked to RCC. According to the LCC, DRB1*07, DRB1*11, DQB1*03, DQB1*05, and DRB1*07-DQB1*02 were negative. In contrast, DRB1*09-DQB1*02 was positively associated with LCC. Stratified analysis revealed that DRB1*11 is associated with higher risk of metastasis in CC and sigmoid CC, and tolerance to treatment in RCC. DQB1*03 was associated with lymph-node invasion in CC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphisms could be used as future biomarkers for the early detection of subjects at a higher risk of developing RCC and LCC, metastasis in sigmoid CC, and tolerance to treatment in RCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survivin as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of the progression of precancerous lesions to gastric cancer.","authors":"Amirreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb, Mehran Panahi, Setareh Jami, Bita Moudi, Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb, Zahra Heidari","doi":"10.1177/03936155231217268","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231217268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer is a common cancer developed in a carcinogenesis process from precancerous lesions including chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Survivin, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, is associated with the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression patterns of survivin and its relationship with early diagnosis of gastric cancer in Iranian patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective case-control study, immunoexpression of survivin was investigated on sections obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 38 chronic gastritis, 32 intestinal metaplasia, 20 dysplasia, 28 gastric adenocarcinoma, and 22 controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survivin immunoexpression in chronic gastritis was higher than controls, but this difference was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, survivin immunoexpression had a steady significant increase from control and chronic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia to dysplasia to gastric adenocarcinoma (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of survivin immunohistochemical test for the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 87.5%, 74.4%, and 0.85, respectively. Males had a significantly higher survivin expression than females (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Also, survivin expression was significantly higher in older patients than in younger ones (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that the steady increase in survivin expression from different precancerous lesions to gastric adenocarcinoma suggests that survivin can be used as a potential biomarker for the prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-L1 assessment in lung cancer biopsies-pitfalls and limitations.","authors":"Daniela Gompelmann, Pavla Sarova, Berta Mosleh, Anastasia Papaporfyriou, Felicitas Oberndorfer, Marco Idzko, Mir Alireza Hoda","doi":"10.1177/03936155231214273","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231214273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression on tumor cells predicts the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, the assessment of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells has limited power for selecting patients for immunotherapy due to intra-tumoral heterogeneity and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression, the inter-observer variability in scoring PD-L1 staining, and reproducibility. These difficulties and pitfalls in interpreting the PD-L1 assessment are discussed in detail in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic analysis reveals distinct roles of USF family proteins in various cancer types.","authors":"Xia Liu, Zhuo-Zhi Wang, Shuai Meng, Fenglin Zang, Huilai Zhang, Ju Wang, Yong-Zi Chen","doi":"10.1177/03936155231206135","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231206135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upstream stimulatory factors (<i>USFs</i>) are members of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor family, including <i>USF1, USF2,</i> and <i>USF3</i>. The first two members have been well studied compared to the third member, <i>USF3</i>, which has received scarce attention in cancer research to date. Despite a recently reported association of its alteration with thyroid carcinoma, its expression has not been previously analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We comprehensively analyzed differential levels of <i>USFs</i> expression, genomic alteration, DNA methylation, and their prognostic value across different cancer types and the possible correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and drug response by using different bioinformatics tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings established that <i>USFs</i> play an important role in cancers related to the urinary system and justify the necessity for further investigation. We implemented and offer a useful ShinyApp to facilitate researchers' efforts to inquire about any other gene of interest and to perform the analysis of drug response in a user-friendly fashion at http://zzdlab.com:3838/Drugdiscovery/.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of coagulation function indicators and tumor markers on diagnosis and clinicopathological characteristics of endometrial cancer.","authors":"Huayan Li, Huifeng Liao, Bilin Jing, Yifeng Wang","doi":"10.1177/03936155231196253","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231196253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometrial cancer is currently the prevalent malignant cancer worldwide. Diagnostic efficiency of tumor markers is limited, and coagulation function indicators in endometrial cancer are less concerned.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study attempted to evaluate the effects of coagulation function indicators and tumor markers on the clinical diagnosis and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer. The retrospective analysis compared the differences in coagulation function indicators and tumor markers among 175 patients with endometrial cancer and 170 healthy women from January 2020 to October 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the healthy control, the levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), CA153, and CA199 in patients with endometrial cancer were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that abnormal levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, HE4, CA125, CA153, and CA199 were related risk factors affecting the incidence of endometrial cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis exhibited that the area under the curve (0.931) and accuracy (85.2%) of combined diagnosis of coagulation function indicators (D-dimer, fibrinogen) and tumor markers (HE4, CA125, CA153, CA199) were the highest, and its sensitivity (82.3%) and specificity (88.2%) were higher than any single or combined indicators of four tumor markers. Moreover, relative expression levels of the combined indicators were significantly different among clinicopathological characteristics that had the highest predictive value in the FIGO stage (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>D-dimer and fibrinogen represent potential diagnostic factors for endometrial cancer. The combination of coagulation function indicators and tumor markers exhibited high diagnostic value in endometrial cancer, as well as predictive value for clinicopathological characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10459222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NRF2/HO-1 axis, BIRC5, and TP53 expression in ESCC and its correlation with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.","authors":"Yongmei Gao, Li Wan, Mengyan Li, Bo Wang, Yuqing Ma","doi":"10.1177/03936155231176571","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231176571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many types of cancer exhibit high nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which is effective in resisting drugs and radiation. However, the role of NRF2 gene expression in predicting the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The association between NRF2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), baculovirus IAP repeat 5 (BIRC5), P53 gene expression levels and their relationship to immune-infiltrating cells were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, the Human Protein Atlas and the TISDB database. The expression of NRF2, HO-1, BIRC5, and TP53 in 118 ESCC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between their expression level and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In ESCC, NRF2 overexpression was significantly associated with Han ethnicity, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. HO-1 overexpression was significantly associated with differentiation, advanced clinical staging, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion, and distant metastasis. BIRC5 overexpression was significantly associated with Han ethnicity and lymph node metastasis. TP53 overexpression was significantly associated with Han ethnicity and T staging. The NRF2/HO-1 axis expression was positively correlated with BIRC5 and TP53. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that NRF2, BIRC5, and TP53 genes co-expression was an independent prognostic risk factor. TISIDB dataset analysis showed that immune-infiltrating cells were significantly negatively correlated with NRF2 and BIRC5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NRF2, BIRC5, and TP53 axis gene expressions are predictors of poor prognosis for ESCC. The overexpression of the NRF2/HO-1/BIRC5 axis may not be related to immune-infiltrating cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of <i>FOXF1</i> gene promoter-methylated DNA in the plasma samples of patients with colorectal cancer.","authors":"Zahra Dastafkan, Nayebali Rezvani, Sabrieh Amini","doi":"10.1177/03936155231207109","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231207109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation in the CpG islands of genes occur at a high rate. In this study, we measured the methylation level of the promoter region of the <i>FOXF1</i> gene as a new blood biomarker for the detection of colorectal cancer in the early stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methylation level of the promoter region of the <i>FOXF1</i> gene was measured in the plasma samples of 50 colorectal cancer patients and 50 normal individuals. DNA was extracted after exposure to sodium bisulfite by the MethyLight polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The percentage of promoter region was measured in all samples, and statistical analysis was done using SPSS v24 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average promoter region between the plasma samples of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals had a significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The average promoter region of the FOXF1 gene in tumor plasma samples was 7.1 and in the control samples was 0.48. The sensitivity and specificity of the sample plasma levels were 78% and 89.5%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The promoter region value of the <i>FOXF1</i> gene in plasma samples using the MethyLight PCR method had high sensitivity and specificity as a non-invasive method for colorectal cancer diagnosis. This research is the first report that has been presented regarding the investigation of <i>FOXF1</i> gene methylation in plasma samples in colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies with larger size samples to evaluate the efficiency of the gene under investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune checkpoints as potential theragnostic biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer.","authors":"Azza Habel, Xu Weili, Mariem Hadj Ahmed, Mouna Stayoussef, Hanen Bouaziz, Mouna Ayadi, Amel Mezlini, Anis Larbi, Basma Yaacoubi-Loueslati","doi":"10.1177/03936155231186163","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03936155231186163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death associated with gynecologic tumors. EOC is asymptomatic in early stages, so most patients are not diagnosed until late stages, highlighting the need to develop new diagnostic biomarkers. Mediators of the tumoral microenvironment may influence EOC progression and resistance to treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze immune checkpoints to evaluate them as theranostic biomarkers for EOC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Serum levels of 16 immune checkpoints were determined in EOC patients and healthy controls using the MILLIPLEX MAP^® Human Immuno-Oncology Checkpoint Protein Magnetic Bead Panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven receptors: BTLA, CD40, CD80/B7-1, GITRL, LAG-3, TIM-3, TLR-2 are differentially expressed between EOC and healthy controls. Serum levels of immune checkpoints in EOC patients are positively significantly correlated with levels of their ligands, with a higher significant correlation between CD80 and CTLA4 than between CD28 and CD80. Four receptors, CD40, HVEM, PD-1, and PD-L1, are positively associated with the development of resistance to Taxol-platinum-based chemotherapy. All of them have an acceptable area under the curve (>0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has yielded a first panel of seven immune checkpoints (BTLA, CD40, CD80/B7-1, GITRL, LAG-3, TIM-3, TLR-2) associated with a higher risk of EOC and a second panel of four immune checkpoints (CD40, HVEM, PD-1, PD-L1) that may help physicians to identify EOC patients who are at high risk of developing resistance to EOC chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Markers","volume":" ","pages":"203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9888741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}