International Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Talaromyces marneffei endocarditis initially detected by Next Generation Sequencing: A case report","authors":"Youqi Ji ,&nbsp;Bingqian Zhuo ,&nbsp;Tao Jiang ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhuan Shen ,&nbsp;Dongqing Cheng ,&nbsp;Yumei Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> (<em>T. marneffei</em>) is a thermal dimorphic fungus, which can cause lung or blood stream infection in patients, often life-threatening. However, endocarditis caused by <em>T. marneffei</em> has not been reported. For elderly patients with implanted cardiac devices or artificial valves, the prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis should not be ignored.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a descriptive study of a <em>T. marneffei</em> endocarditis by joint detection of cardiac ultrasound examination, peripheral blood DNA metagenomics Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS), and in vitro culture.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We describe an 80-year-old female patient with an unusual infection of <em>T. marneffei</em> endocarditis. After intravenous drip of 0.2 g voriconazole twice a day for antifungal treatment, the patient showed no signs of improvement and their family refused further treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Infective endocarditis is becoming more and more common in the elderly due to the widely use of invasive surgical procedures and implantation of intracardiac devices. The diagnosis and treatment of <em>T. marneffei</em> endocarditis is challenging because of its rarity. Here, we discussed a case of <em>T. marneffei</em> endocarditis, and emphasized the role of mNGS in early diagnosis, which is of great significance for treatment and survival rate of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000195/pdfft?md5=cfde2ff0695333f6e3a37f8d67a030ce&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival after cryptococcosis in Germany: A retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2021","authors":"Johanna Kessel ,&nbsp;Anna-Catharina Rossaert ,&nbsp;Tilman Lingscheid ,&nbsp;Jan Grothe ,&nbsp;Thomas Harrer ,&nbsp;Christoph Wyen ,&nbsp;Daniela Tominski ,&nbsp;T. Bollinger ,&nbsp;Anna Katharina Kehr ,&nbsp;Sven Kalbitz ,&nbsp;Christian Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Oliver Cornely ,&nbsp;Uwe Koppe ,&nbsp;Christoph Stephan ,&nbsp;Volker Rickerts","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cryptococcosis is the most prevalent fungal infection of the central nervous system worldwide. We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study to gain insights into the epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Germany. We describe the use of diagnostic tests, clinical management and patient outcome. We included 64 patients with underlying HIV infection (55%) or other predispositions. Molecular typing by MLST documented 20 individual sequence types among 42 typed isolates. A fatal outcome was documented in 14% of patients in the first two months after diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000183/pdfft?md5=2653258d91c440169c8ef9127f0e8035&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of hypervirulence-associated determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospitalised patients in Germany","authors":"Anika Wahl ,&nbsp;Martin A. Fischer ,&nbsp;Kathleen Klaper ,&nbsp;Annelie Müller ,&nbsp;Stefan Borgmann ,&nbsp;Johannes Friesen ,&nbsp;Klaus-Peter Hunfeld ,&nbsp;Arkadius Ilmberger ,&nbsp;Susanne Kolbe-Busch ,&nbsp;Michael Kresken ,&nbsp;Norman Lippmann ,&nbsp;Christoph Lübbert ,&nbsp;Matthias Marschner ,&nbsp;Bernd Neumann ,&nbsp;Niels Pfennigwerth ,&nbsp;Michael Probst-Kepper ,&nbsp;Jürgen Rödel ,&nbsp;Marco H. Schulze ,&nbsp;Andreas E. Zautner ,&nbsp;Guido Werner ,&nbsp;Yvonne Pfeifer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151601","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Klebsiella&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;K&lt;/em&gt;.) &lt;em&gt;pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium and a common coloniser of animals and humans. Today, &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; is one of the most persistent nosocomial pathogens worldwide and poses a severe threat/burden to public health by causing urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Infections mainly affect immunocompromised individuals and hospitalised patients. In recent years, a new type of &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; has emerged associated with community-acquired infections such as pyogenic liver abscess in otherwise healthy individuals and is therefore termed hypervirulent &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; (hv&lt;em&gt;Kp&lt;/em&gt;). The aim of this study was the characterisation of &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; isolates with properties of hypervirulence from Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A set of 62 potentially hypervirulent &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; isolates from human patients was compiled. Inclusion criteria were the presence of at least one determinant that has been previously associated with hypervirulence: (I) clinical manifestation, (II) a positive string test as a marker for hypermucoviscosity, and (III) presence of virulence associated genes &lt;em&gt;rmpA&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;rmpA2&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;magA&lt;/em&gt;. Phenotypic characterisation of the isolates included antimicrobial resistance testing by broth microdilution. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina® MiSeq/NextSeq to investigate the genetic repertoire such as multi-locus sequence types (ST), capsule types (K), further virulence associated genes and resistance genes of the collected isolates. For selected isolates long-read sequencing was applied and plasmid sequences with resistance and virulence determinants were compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;WGS analyses confirmed presence of several signature genes for hv&lt;em&gt;Kp&lt;/em&gt;. Among them, the most prevalent were the siderophore loci &lt;em&gt;iuc&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ybt&lt;/em&gt; and the capsule regulator genes &lt;em&gt;rmpA&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;rmpA2&lt;/em&gt;. The most dominant ST among the hv&lt;em&gt;Kp&lt;/em&gt; isolates were ST395 capsule type K2 and ST395 capsule type K5; both have been described previously and were confirmed by our data as multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. ST23 capsule type K1 was the second most abundant ST in this study; this ST has been described as commonly associated with hypervirulence. In general, resistance to beta-lactams caused by the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases was observed frequently in our isolates, confirming the threatening rise of MDR-hv&lt;em&gt;Kp&lt;/em&gt; strains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study results show that &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; strains that carry several determinants of hypervirulence are present for many years in Germany. The detection of carbapenemase genes and hypervirulence associated genes on the same plasmid is highly problematic and requires intensified screening and molecul","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000055/pdfft?md5=03bea97d4eb50d8d11273422c97a235b&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PASQUALE - A long-term partnership to improve hand hygiene and capacity building in infection prevention and control in the Faranah region of Guinea","authors":"Anna Borodova ,&nbsp;Aziz Amadou Diallo ,&nbsp;Rebekah Wood ,&nbsp;Ousmane Tounkara ,&nbsp;Carlos Rocha ,&nbsp;Mouctar Bayo ,&nbsp;Lena Landsmann ,&nbsp;Mahamoud Sama Cherif ,&nbsp;Matthias Borchert ,&nbsp;Carolin Meinus ,&nbsp;Ibrahima Nabé ,&nbsp;Sekou Doumbouya ,&nbsp;Kamis Mamadou Diallo ,&nbsp;Mamadou Diallo ,&nbsp;Mardjan Arvand ,&nbsp;Sophie A. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across the globe, hand hygiene (HH) is promoted to fight the spread of healthcare associated infections. Despite multiplongoing HH campaigns and projects, the healthcare associated infection rates remain high especially in low- and middle-income countries. In the narrative overview presented here, we aim to share objectives, framework, successes and challenges of our long-term partnership in Guinea to offer guidance for other projects aiming to sustainably improve HH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143842212400016X/pdfft?md5=ed944c6cd0e999b795a8f2fbbda649fd&pid=1-s2.0-S143842212400016X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139690077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles vaccination – An underestimated prevention measure: Analyzing a fatal case in Hildesheim, Germany","authors":"Katharina Hueppe ,&nbsp;Jan Ortman ,&nbsp;Hannah Gauselmann ,&nbsp;Sabine Santibanez ,&nbsp;Annette Mankertz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Measles and rubella are targeted for elimination in the WHO region Europe. To reach the elimination goal, vaccination coverage of 95% must be achieved and sustained, the genotype information has to be provided for 80% of all outbreaks and transmission chains of a certain variant must not be detected for &gt;12 months. The latter information is collected at Germany’s National Reference Center Measles, Mumps, Rubella (NRC MMR).</p><p>We describe here an outbreak of measles occurring in Hildesheim. The outbreak comprised 43 cases and lasted 14 weeks. Surprisingly, a high number of vaccination failures was observed since 11 cases had received two doses of the MMR vaccine and 4 additional cases were vaccinated once.</p><p>A 33-year-old woman passed away during the outbreak. She was the mother of 5 children between 4 and 16 years of age. Two schoolchildren contracted measles and passed it on to the rest of the family. Due to delivery bottlenecks, the vaccination of the mother was delayed. She developed measles-like symptoms 3 days after vaccination and was found dead on the morning of day 8 after vaccination. A post-mortem examination was done to identify the cause of death. Moreover, molecular characterization of the virus was performed to analyze whether she was infected by the wildtype virus circulating at that time in Hildesheim or whether the vaccine may have been a concomitant and aggravating feature of her death.</p><p>The result showed that the samples taken from her at the time of death and during necropsy contained the wildtype measles virus variant corresponding to MVs/Gir Somnath.IND/42.16 (WHO Seq-ID D8–4683) that fueled the Hildesheim outbreak and circulated in Germany from March 2018 to March 2020. The vaccine virus was not detected. Moreover, two aspects uncovered by the post-mortem examination were remarkable; the woman died from giant cell pneumonia, which is a complication seen in immune-suppressed individuals and she was actively using cannabis. THC is known to influence the immune system, but literature reports describing the effects are limited.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000122/pdfft?md5=ea716d8026efa7c7b963d644df0884bf&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic surveillance of STEC/EHEC infections in Germany 2020 to 2022 permits insight into virulence gene profiles and novel O-antigen gene clusters","authors":"Angelika Fruth,&nbsp;Christina Lang,&nbsp;Tobias Größl,&nbsp;Thomas Garn,&nbsp;Antje Flieger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shiga toxin-producing <em>E. coli</em> (STEC), including the subgroup of enterohemorrhagic <em>E. coli</em> (EHEC), are important bacterial pathogens which cause diarrhea and the severe clinical manifestation hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Genomic surveillance of STEC/EHEC is a state-of-the-art tool to identify infection clusters and to extract markers of circulating clinical strains, such as their virulence and resistance profile for risk assessment and implementation of infection prevention measures. The aim of the study was characterization of the clinical STEC population in Germany for establishment of a reference data set. To that end, from 2020 to 2022 1257 STEC isolates, including 39 of known HUS association, were analyzed and lead to a classification of 30.4 % into 129 infection clusters. Major serogroups in all clinical STEC analyzed were O26, O146, O91, O157, O103, and O145; and in HUS-associated strains were O26, O145, O157, O111, and O80. <em>stx1</em> was less frequently and <em>stx2</em> or a combination of <em>stx, eaeA</em> and <em>ehxA</em> were more frequently found in HUS-associated strains. Predominant <em>stx</em> gene subtypes in all STEC strains were <em>stx</em>1a (24 %) and <em>stx</em>2a (21 %) and in HUS-associated strains were mainly <em>stx</em>2a (69 %) and the combination of <em>stx</em>1a and <em>stx</em>2a (12.8 %). Furthermore, two novel O-antigen gene clusters (RKI6 and RKI7) and strains of serovars O45:H2 and O80:H2 showing multidrug resistance were detected. In conclusion, the implemented surveillance tools now allow to comprehensively define the population of clinical STEC strains including those associated with the severe disease manifestation HUS reaching a new surveillance level in Germany.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000146/pdfft?md5=e48dda09b0054eff9be2869e4c16c999&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139669514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated molecular, phenotypic and epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany","authors":"Kathleen Klaper ,&nbsp;Hana Tlapák ,&nbsp;Regina Selb ,&nbsp;Klaus Jansen ,&nbsp;Dagmar Heuer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numbers of infections with <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> are among the top three sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. In addition, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> pose an important public-health issue. The integration of genomic, phenotypic and epidemiological data to monitor <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> fosters our understanding of the emergence and spread of AMR in <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> and helps to inform therapy guidelines and intervention strategies. Thus, the Gonococcal resistance surveillance (Go-Surv-AMR) was implemented at the Robert Koch Institute in Germany in 2021 to obtain molecular, phenotypic and epidemiological data on <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> isolated in Germany. Here, we describe the structure and aims of Go-Surv-AMR. Furthermore, we point out future directions of Go-Surv-AMR to improve the integrated genomic surveillance of <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em>. In this context we discuss current and prospective sequencing approaches and the information derived from their application. Moreover, we highlight the importance of combining phenotypic and WGS data to monitor the evolution of AMR in <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> in Germany. The implementation and constant development of techniques and tools to improve the genomic surveillance of <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> will be important in coming years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000158/pdfft?md5=9eea15860e6b9ccbb49d8b636fb7ddb6&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139669271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hub and Spoke: Next level in regional networks for infection prevention","authors":"Daniele Pantano ,&nbsp;Alexander W. Friedrich","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The threat of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are real and increasing every day. They affect not only healthcare systems but also communities, causing economic and public health concerns. Governments must take action to tackle AMR and prevent the spread of MDROs and regional hubs have a critical role to play in achieving this outcome. Furthermore, bacteria have no borders, consequently, cooperation networks should be extended between countries as a crucial strategy for achieving the success of infection control. Euregions, which are a specific form of cooperation between local authorities of two or more bordering European countries, can help solve common problems and improve the lives of people living on both sides of the border. Regional collaboration strategies can enhance infection control and build resilience against antimicrobial resistance. This review identifies risk factors and the correct approaches to infection prevention and control, including education and awareness programs for healthcare professionals, appropriate prescribing practices, and infection prevention control measures. These measures can help reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in the region and save lives. It is therefore essential to take concrete actions and foster the creation of more effective regional and cross-border centers to ensure the success of infection control policies and the management of healthcare-associated infections. This work sheds light on the issue of MDRO infections within healthcare settings, while also acknowledging the crucial role of the One Health concept in understanding the broader context of these infections. By recognizing the interdependence of human and animal health and the environment, we can take constructive steps toward mitigating the risks of these infections and promoting better health outcomes for all.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000092/pdfft?md5=96d4ea40e050314b3da01469d6cc43ba&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139589401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of two zoonotic swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in Germany from diseased patients","authors":"Alla Heider ,&nbsp;Marianne Wedde ,&nbsp;Viola Weinheimer ,&nbsp;Stephanie Döllinger ,&nbsp;Masyar Monazahian ,&nbsp;Ralf Dürrwald ,&nbsp;Thorsten Wolff ,&nbsp;Brunhilde Schweiger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (IAV) from pigs to humans is a concerning event as porcine IAV represent a reservoir of potentially pandemic IAV. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two porcine A(H1N1)v viruses isolated from human cases by evaluating their genetic, antigenic and virological characteristics. The HA genes of those human isolates belonged to clades 1C.2.1 and 1C.2.2, respectively, of the A(H1N1) Eurasian avian-like swine influenza lineage. Antigenic profiling revealed substantial cross-reactivity between the two zoonotic H1N1 viruses and human A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and some swine viruses, but did not reveal cross-reactivity to H1N2 and earlier human seasonal A(H1N1) viruses. The solid-phase direct receptor binding assay analysis of both A(H1N1)v showed a predominant binding to α2–6–sialylated glycans similar to human-adapted IAV. Investigation of the replicative potential revealed that both A(H1N1)v viruses grow in human bronchial epithelial cells to similar high titers as the human A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Cytokine induction was studied in human alveolar epithelial cells A549 and showed that both swine viruses isolated from human cases induced higher amounts of type I and type III IFN, as well as IL6 compared to a seasonal A(H1N1) or a A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. In summary, we demonstrate a remarkable adaptation of both zoonotic viruses to propagate in human cells. Our data emphasize the needs for continuous monitoring of people and regions at increased risk of such trans-species transmissions, as well as systematic studies to quantify the frequency of these events and to identify viral molecular determinants enhancing the zoonotic potential of porcine IAV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000134/pdfft?md5=533585200fb92f7abb7673d0999c0ab0&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhexanide based contact lens storage fluids frequently exhibit insufficient antifungal activity against Fusarium species","authors":"Benedikt Schrenker ,&nbsp;Anna Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Thorsten Koch ,&nbsp;Grit Walther ,&nbsp;Ronny Martin ,&nbsp;Daniel Kampik ,&nbsp;Oliver Kurzai ,&nbsp;Johanna Theuersbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><em>Fusarium</em> keratitis is a severe infection of the anterior eye, frequently leading to keratoplasty or surgical removal of the affected eye. A major risk factor for infection is the use of contact lenses. Inadequate hygiene precautions and mold-growth permissive storage fluids are important risk factors for fungal keratitis. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze contact lens storage fluids disinfection efficacy against <em>Fusarium</em> species.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eleven commercially available storage fluids were tested. The storage fluids were classified according to their active ingredients myristamidopropyldimethylamine (Aldox), polyhexanide and hydrogen peroxide. Efficacy was tested against isolates belonging to the <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> species complexes as the most common agents of mould keratitis. Tests were carried out based on DIN EN ISO 14729.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All Aldox and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) based fluids were effective against <em>Fusarium</em> spp., while the majority of polyhexanide based storage fluids showed only limited or no antifungal effects. Efficacy of polyhexanide could be restored by the addition of the pH-regulating agent tromethamine - an additive component in one commercially available product.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In summary, the use of Aldox- or hydrogen peroxide-based storage fluids may reduce the risk of <em>Fusarium</em> keratitis, while polyhexanide-based agents largely lack efficacy against <em>Fusarium</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50312,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 151602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438422124000067/pdfft?md5=e95ff8ddac5e11989d252e6f9ed43c19&pid=1-s2.0-S1438422124000067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}