International Journal of Sediment Research最新文献

{"title":"Soil texture and exchangeable ions primarily control soil erosion resistance in estuaries of Laizhou Bay","authors":"Hanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Li ,&nbsp;Jingjiang Li ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiangbao Xia ,&nbsp;Nufang Fang ,&nbsp;Kaitong Gao ,&nbsp;Qianjin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estuaries are irreplaceable ecological habitats and the primary deposition areas for sediment and pollutants from rivers. However, many estuaries are subject to an elevated risk of soil erosion owing to the increasing occurrence of flood events and reduced sediment supply. Soil erosion resistance in estuaries, as one of the most important parameters to assess and model soil erosion in estuaries, remains unclear. In this study, soil samples were collected from eight estuaries in Laizhou Bay, China, to characterize soil erosion resistance using soil erodibility (<em>K</em>_<em>d</em>) and soil critical shear stress (<em>τ</em>_<em>c</em>); additionally, the controlling soil properties were identified using a partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model. The <em>K</em>_<em>d</em> of the eight estuaries ranged from 15.21 to 772.08 cm³/N s. The <em>τ</em>_<em>c</em> of the eight estuaries ranged from 0.33 to 3.35 Pa. The results of the PLSR analysis indicated that the increased soil electrical conductivity at 25 °C water temperature (EC₂₅), exchangeable sodium (Na⁺), and clay content contributed to high <em>K</em>_<em>d</em> values, whereas increased exchangeable calcium (Ca²⁺) and exchangeable potassium (K⁺) levels were correlated with low <em>K</em>_<em>d</em> values. The <em>τ</em>_<em>c</em> was negatively correlated with clay content, EC₂₅, exchangeable magnesium (Mg²⁺), silt content, and total porosity and positively correlated with sand content, K⁺, and soil bulk density. The Di River estuary exhibited the highest EC₂₅ and lowest Ca²⁺ among all the estuaries, resulting in the largest <em>K</em>_<em>d</em>. The Bailang River estuary exhibited the highest <em>τ</em>_<em>c</em> owing to its having the lowest Mg²⁺ content. These findings indicate that soil erosion resistance is not determined by any individual soil property; future studies should consider the interactions among the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 990-999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1001-6279(25)00102-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1001-6279(25)00102-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages ii-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the critical velocity of sediment incipient motion in saline water based on Hangzhou Bay field investigation","authors":"Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingbiao Shi ,&nbsp;Guojian He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The critical condition of sediment incipient motion (SIM) is one of the most pivotal and fundamental topics for the mechanics of sediment transport in offshore areas. The flocculation of fine sediment exerts a complex influence on SIM, particularly in bay areas where the water salinity varies. This paper analyzes data measured in Hangzhou Bay with 50 observation points from 2005 to 2019. The objective is to ascertain the effect of salinity on the critical velocity of SIM (<em>u</em>_<em>c</em>), figure out the calculation error of traditional equations for <em>u</em>_<em>c</em> in saline water and improve the calculation accuracy of <em>u</em>_<em>c</em>. Results indicate that the calculation error rate of traditional <em>u</em>_<em>c</em> equations escalates with the increased clay content of bottom sediment and water salinity. An improved <em>u</em>_<em>c</em> equation in saline water environment is constructed with the consideration of clay content and salinity based on a traditional equation. The improved equation is fitted through measured data and validated with the experimental data. The accuracy of the improved equation significantly increases compared to traditional equations in the area with clay content over 15% and salinity over 12‰.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 878-889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the existence and genesis of fluid mud in Lake Taihu, China","authors":"Hao Hou ,&nbsp;Wei Zhu ,&nbsp;Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Liang ,&nbsp;Jinyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid mud, characterized by a bulk density &lt; 1.2 g/cm³, has various adverse environmental effects; furthermore, it can pose challenges for maritime navigation, as fluid mud is an important factor for determining the depth of navigation channels. Notably, the formation of fluid mud by mixing sand and clay is a complex process. Fluid mud typically occurs on the surface of sediment beds in river estuaries, where the confluence of freshwater and saltwater in such regions promotes particle flocculation. The current study is the first to document the occurrence of fluid mud in Lake Taihu, China. The formation mechanisms were investigated through a comprehensive field and laboratory characterization program. The presence of large flocs was confirmed through this program, prompting further investigation into the role of organic matter. The results indicated that polysaccharides played a crucial role in promoting the aggregation of inorganic particles into flocs. In Lake Taihu, cyanobacterial accumulation zones, which are rich in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), were primarily found in downwind bays, which also served as the sediment deposition areas. Notably, flocs with a size of ∼80 μm contributed to the formation of highly loose fluid mud in the region, with the density varying from 1.09 to 1.13 g/cm³. Overall, the current study advances the current literature on hydrogeology and sedimentology, particularly with respect to the characterization and formation of fluid mud in lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 890-897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional assessment and precision restoration strategies for soil erosion in karst areas: Based on multi-scenario simulation","authors":"Longhui Pan ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Benjin Yu ,&nbsp;Wanquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Xue ,&nbsp;Zhenhong Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst landscapes are plagued by severe soil erosion due to their fractured lithology and complex hydrology, posing persistent challenges to erosion assessment and ecological restoration. However, current approaches often fail to account for the spatial heterogeneity and hydrological complexity typical of karst terrains. This study developed and compared four vegetation restoration scenarios—the status quo scenario, linear scenario, patch scenario, and combined scenario—using an integrated modeling framework based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the sediment connectivity index (IC). The combined scenario, which integrates linear buffers with patch-based vegetation, showed superior performance in reducing both soil erosion and sediment connectivity. The patch scenario also shows strong adaptability in steep-slope areas because it effectively mitigates sediment transport potential. To improve restoration precision further, a slope- and karst desertification-sensitive vegetation configuration strategy was proposed. This study also introduced the use of bivariate Moran's <em>I</em> analysis to identify spatial hotspots of erosion and connectivity overlap. These results provide a novel methodology for evaluating multiscenario ecological restoration in karst regions. The findings offer practical guidance for implementing targeted soil and water conservation interventions and contribute to the broader goal of sustainable land management in ecologically fragile environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 972-989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating temporal scour hole variations: A comparative study of hybrid CatBoost models and experimental data","authors":"Mojtaba Mehraein ,&nbsp;Vahid Reza Zendehnam ,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Mohajeri ,&nbsp;Siti Fatin Mohd Razali ,&nbsp;Zaher Mundher Yaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scour hole caused by 3-dimensional wall jets (3DWJ) is a serious problem downstream of dams and power stations. The current study utilized a newly created hybrid machine learning (ML) model to predict the changes in the dimensions of the primary scour hole over time caused by a 3DWJ. To fill the gap in the available knowledge, different experiments were done using uniform and non-uniform sediment. ML models and the linear regression were used to derive the prediction models. The results of the current study showed that the ML models have better accuracy than the linear regression model. Among all the developed hybrid ML models, the accuracy of the hybridized Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) with Gray Wolf Optimization algorithm (GWO-CB) yielded superior predictions. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the densimetric Froude number and the scouring time were important predictors. The effects of the expansion ratio on maximum scour depth and ridge height were the less important. However, the expansion ratio effects were larger than the effects of the tailwater depth ratio and sediment size ratio in the development of the scour hole in the streamwise and spanwise directions. The accuracy of GWO-CB models was considerably higher than the models previously applied in the literature. The proposed methodology revealed a robust and reliable model for predicting the scour hole dimensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 1000-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From single to synthetic PGPR: Exploring the strategies of submerged macrophyte remediation in cadmium polluted sediment","authors":"Xiangfen Liu ,&nbsp;Junqi Yu ,&nbsp;Yahua Li ,&nbsp;Jinhui Pang ,&nbsp;Yao Guo ,&nbsp;Qianzheng Li ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Wu ,&nbsp;Bingqian Xu ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Wu ,&nbsp;Qiaohong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used to assist phytoremediation. Synthetic PGPR can adapt to diverse sediment environments more effectively than single PGPR. However, their mechanisms of application in submerged macrophytes remediation of cadmium polluted sediment remains challenging. Here, we investigated the effect of synthetic PGPR on enhancing phytoremediation in cadmium polluted sediment and the underlying mechanisms promoting growth of submerged macrophytes. We conducted a comparison regarding the phytoremediation efficiencies of submerged macrophytes within cadmium polluted sediment under the conditions of the absence of PGPR, single PGPR and synthetic PGPR inoculation. The results indicated that the lower concentration of cadmium in the sediment was achieved under synthetic PGPR inoculation of two treatments, specifically decreased by 26.18 % and 25.55 %, because of the highest biota-sediment accumulation factor. Synthetic PGPR induced 44 %–88 % increase in the biomass of submerged macrophytes by regulating enzyme activities and photosynthesis system compared with the treatment with cadmium pollution only. The PGPR promoted significant increase of chlorophyll, the optimal/maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ (<em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m) and carotenoids content with the highest increases in macrophytes inoculated with synthetic PGPR. Compared with the treatments inoculated with single PGPR, synthetic PGPR enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes to assist submerged macrophytes in resisting cadmium stress. Consequently, synthetic PGPR promoted the growth and cadmium accumulation of submerged macrophytes. Our research further observed that the translocation factor of the submerged macrophytes was below 1, showing that cadmium was not easily transferred within the macrophytes. Our study provides new perspectives into strategy development in microbe-assisted submerged macrophytes remediation of cadmium polluted sediment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 869-877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly active sediment transport induces morphodynamic changes exacerbating flash flooding","authors":"Hui Liang ,&nbsp;Ruijing Jiang ,&nbsp;Ronghua Liu ,&nbsp;Jiyang Tian ,&nbsp;Xingyao Pan ,&nbsp;Zhuangxian Tian ,&nbsp;Zhixian Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall-induced flash floods often trigger active sediment transport and substantial morphological changes, which in turn affect flood dynamics. Previous numerical studies have mostly overlooked the strong interactions between flow, sediment transport, and morphological evolution, and inevitably their impacts on flash flooding have remained poorly understood. Here a two-dimensional (2D) coupled shallow water hydro-sediment-morphodynamic (SHSM) model is applied to reconstruct an extreme flash flood in the Jiuyuan Gully catchment, Beijing, China, in July 2023. The impacts of sediment transport and morphological change on the flash flood are evaluated by comparing the results of a shallow water hydrodynamic (HD) model and the SHSM model. The SHSM model is shown to outperform the HD model in reproducing the observed maximum water levels, as sediment transport and morphological changes are explicitly taken into account. Bed load sediment prevails, while its transport rate may amount up to 30 kg/(m·s) in the flood conveyance channel and deviate from the transport capacity determined in line with local flows, as sediment entrainment is hindered by the concrete-lined bed. Aggradation in the flood conveyance channel is significant, reaching 3.0 m locally. Accordingly, the water level increases, leading to overbank flooding and extended inundation over the floodplains and adjacent areas. Consequently, flash flooding is exacerbated. The current findings highlight the critical role of morphological change induced by active sediment transport in modifying flash flooding, underscoring the significance of morphological change for practical flood warning and development of effective risk management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 935-953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in rill morphometry, surface runoff and erosion with soil conservation techniques (application of polyacrylamide and rice husk biochar and hydromulching) in deforested hillslopes under simulated rainfall","authors":"Misagh Parhizkar ,&nbsp;Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ,&nbsp;Pasquale Fabio Giuseppe Filianoti ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Tziolas ,&nbsp;Demetrio Antonio Zema","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed the effects of very intense rainfall (98 mm/h for 30 min) on soil left bare or treated with polyacrylamide, rice husk biochar and hydromulching. Rill morphometry, surface runoff and soil loss were measured in plots (100 cm × 50 cm) with three longitudinal slopes (10%, 17% and 28%). On the basis of these measurements, runoff and erosion were predicted via multiple linear equations for the experimental conditions. The effects of polyacrylamide application on surface runoff, soil loss and rill formation were not significant. In contrast, decreases in runoff generation and soil loss ((−40%)–55%) as well as rill widening and elongation ((−45%)–75%) were observed after the application of rice husk biochar and hydromulching. A multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant relationships among the soil hydrological, erosive and morphometric variables, as shown by coefficients of correlation greater than 0.78. Bare soils and plots treated with polyacrylamide on one side and those treated with rice husk biochar and hydromulching noticeably differ in their hydrological and morphological responses to intense rainfall. The multiple linear equations were accurate (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.90) in predicting surface runoff and soil loss under all soil conditions. This study has several limitations (e.g., plot scale, simulated rainfall, and specific soil conditions). However, the results indicate the most suitable soil conservation techniques for specific rainfall intensities and conditions (excluding ecosystems subjected to deforestation). Moreover, this study provides multiple linear equations as hydrological tools to predict flood and erosion hazards in these areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 857-868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of soil solidification methods in scour and erosion control","authors":"Dawei Guan ,&nbsp;Xuefen Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Meng ,&nbsp;Yee-Meng Chiew ,&nbsp;Zishun Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review focuses on the mechanisms and scour resistance of various soil solidification methods used in civil and coastal engineering. Traditional chemical methods, such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and lime, enhance scour resistance primarily through pozzolanic reactions and cementitious bonding, which increase cohesion and shear strength. The laboratory results revealed that OPC-solidified soil can resist flows of up to 4 m/s after one day of curing, whereas lime-treated soils can withstand flows of up to 8.5 m/s after 14 days. Polymer-based treatments work by forming a surface-binding network that improves soil aggregate stability; optimal dosages can reduce rainfall-induced erosion rates to as low as 0.3 % compared with those of untreated soil, although their limited strength restricts their use to nonhydrodynamic environments. Ionic soil stabilizers (ISSs), a class of chemical agents, function by replacing exchangeable ions in clay minerals, leading to reduced plasticity, improved particle alignment, and increased soil density. While widely applied in subgrades and slope stabilization, their application in hydraulic environments is still in its infancy. Current evidence of scour resistance remains limited because of insufficient laboratory and field data. Biological methods, including microbial and enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP/EICP), function by precipitating calcium carbonate that binds particles and fills pores; these methods can reduce sand erosion by up to 80 %–98 %, although the cost and nonuniform distribution of enzymes present challenges. Combined methods leverage complementary mechanisms—for example, carbonate precipitation and cement hydration—to improve microstructure and strength synergistically, with reported increases in critical shear stress up to 971.6 Pa. This review provides a comparative analysis of the methods, focusing primarily on their underlying mechanisms and ability to enhance scour resistance, with additional discussion on costs, environmental impact, and operational complexity. Future research is needed to address how these methods could be optimized for better performance and cost efficiency, especially for large-scale prototype applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 919-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}