International Journal of Sediment Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of infiltration and erosion rates in Mediterranean reservoirs’ catchments through rainfall simulation","authors":"Jorge Mongil-Manso ,&nbsp;Carmen Patino-Alonso ,&nbsp;José Nespereira-Jato ,&nbsp;José-Luis Molina ,&nbsp;Fernando Espejo ,&nbsp;Teresa Diez-Castro ,&nbsp;Santiago Zazo ,&nbsp;Fernando Silla","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The land use and vegetation type of a reservoir's catchment substantially affect the hydrological processes of soil infiltration and runoff. They also act as drivers or constraints for erosive processes. All the previous processes influence the amount of water and sediment that reach the reservoir and affect its functioning. This study is mainly aimed to improve the knowledge of these processes in southeastern Spain by means of experimental rainfall simulation and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that the mean infiltration rate is 1.06 times higher in forests than in shrublands and 1.07 times higher than in olive crops (280.52, 265.02, and 262.08 mm/h, respectively), with mean surface runoff consequently 1.57 times lower in forests than in shrublands and 2.41 times lower than in olive crops (20.81, 32.58, and 50.24 mm/h). Likewise, the sediment concentration in the runs is 5.48 times higher in olive groves (518.43 g/L) than in forests (94.61 g/L) and 2.94 times higher than in shrublands (176.48 g/L). Soil properties and parent material might have a more important effect on the studied variables than the different vegetation types. Furthermore, root systems and the use of tillage on crops could favor infiltration, which would tend to equalize the values of the variables analyzed; but this needs to be demonstrated in future research. The results obtained are of interest for vegetation cover and soils management in reservoirs’ catchments in Mediterranean areas. Furthermore, the current research provides an opportunity to study more specifically the origin of the sediment that reaches the reservoirs, beyond sheet and rill erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 466-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of debris-flow volume growth by eroding highly-consolidated landslide dams","authors":"Pu Li ,&nbsp;Kaiheng Hu ,&nbsp;Lan Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Erosion of landslide dams by a natural debris flow as it travels down a sloping channel can dramatically increase flow size and destructive potential. Most research on the erosion of landslide dams focuses on those newly formed due to recent earthquakes or heavy rainfall. In this study, the debris-flow erosion of so-called highly-consolidated landslide dams (HCLDs) that are typically remnants of ancient earthquakes or rainfall events is investigated by using satellite image interpretation, field measurements, and mechanism analysis. Several HCLDs were identified in two catchments in Zhouqu and Ganluo counties in Gansu and Sichuan province, China, where two high-magnitude debris-flow events occurred in 2010 and 2020, respectively. The existence of HCLDs resulting in wide and narrow reaches alternatively alters the boundary conditions of debris flows and significantly affects the flow erosion and deposition processes. It is observed that the flow discharge increased notably after passing through or during narrowing sections of the channels and the estimated discharge amplification coefficients are approximately 3.3 and 2.7, respectively. The two cases demonstrate that rapid erosion through narrowing sections and subsequent headward erosion play a key role in the debris-flow volume growth by eroding HCLDs. Additionally, other mechanisms such as deposition of erodible material upstream of the dam, localized vortexes in converging and diverging sections, and collisional stresses within the debris flows can further contribute to the erosion of HCLDs and the amplification of debris-flow magnitude. Recognizing these hazardous effects of HCLDs on increasing debris-flow volume is helpful for making non-structural and engineering countermeasures against similar debris flow disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 222-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submerged macrophyte-dominated systems fed by karst groundwater produce a significant autochthonous carbon sink in sediment: A mesocosm experiment study","authors":"Dong Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Hailong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zaihua Liu ,&nbsp;Xuejun He ,&nbsp;Qian Bao ,&nbsp;Haibo He ,&nbsp;Meixun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inland water portion of the carbon cycle is an essential component of the global carbon cycle and is a promising direction to seek missing carbon sinks. Inland waters fix inorganic carbon to form autochthonous organic carbon (Auto-OC) and accept laterally transferred terrestrial OC. Calculating the carbon sink flux of inland water requires a quantitative estimation of the proportion of the aforementioned processes. In the current study, <em>n</em>-alkanes are used as biomarkers and the dual carbon isotope method (Bayesian mixing model) is applied to estimate the proportions of Auto-OC in the sediment of a simulation site comprising five shallow submerged macrophyte-dominated subsystems. The study results showed that a high proportion of Auto-OC was present in all sediment, regardless of the season or subsystem. However, the proportions were higher in the warm-humid season than in the cold-dry season. Results from a correlation analysis showed that temperature-controlled seasonal variations in the photosynthetic strength of aquatic organisms are the most likely cause of this difference. The average deposition rates of total organic carbon and Auto-OC were high (66.7 and 58.2 g C/m²/yr, respectively). Throughout the year, the weighted average percentage of Auto-OC ranged from 76% to 90%, with a mean value of 86% in the five aquatic subsystems. Establishing and maintaining submerged macrophyte-dominated systems have a potential of decreasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) evasion and sequestrating more carbon (C) in headwaters. Working for clear submerged macrophyte-dominated lakes is beneficial for increasing carbon sinks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 400-411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of different types of sediment-filled check dam systems on runoff erosion dynamics in a Loess Plateau watershed","authors":"Ganggang Ke,&nbsp;Shengdong Cheng,&nbsp;Zhanbin Li,&nbsp;Tian Wang,&nbsp;Heng Wu,&nbsp;Yunzhe Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Check dams, as one of the most representative soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau region, primarily impact hydrological and hydrodynamic processes by regulating flows of water and sediment. Constrained by reservoir capacity, sediment accumulation within check dam systems affects their ability to intercept water and sediment. However, there has been limited research on the regulatory role of sediment-filled check dams on watershed hydrodynamics. This study focused on small watersheds in loess hilly gully areas and applied the MIKE SHE model to simulate hydrodynamic processes under different scenarios of filled check dam systems. The regulatory effect of different filled check dam system types on watershed hydrodynamics in the study area was analyzed. The results indicate that after sedimentation in various types of check dams, the peak flow can be reduced by 59.68%–68.66%, the flood duration can be extended by 42.74%–375.81%, and the runoff erosion power can be reduced by 62.92%–85.35%. The reduction in flood volume diminishes with increasing sedimentation, reaching a minimum of 2.42%. Moreover, there are varying degrees of reduction in runoff erosion dynamics in the main channels. These findings provide theoretical support for identifying the regulatory potential of sediment-filled check dam systems on hydrodynamic processes in small watersheds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of InVEST-SDR model to evaluate soil erosion and sedimentation in the closer catchment of a proposed tropical reservoir in Sri Lanka","authors":"Hulan Badde Gedara Dilshan Madubhashana Padminda Ekanayaka ,&nbsp;Nimal Shantha Abeysingha ,&nbsp;Tusita Amarasekara ,&nbsp;Ram Lakhan Ray ,&nbsp;Dinithi Kusalani Samarathunga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion is a significant environmental threat, impacting water quality and the siltation of the productive capacity of reservoirs. To prioritize soil conservation areas for sustainable land management, quantitative spatial assessment of soil erosion is essential, particularly in the catchment of a reservoir. The current study aims to evaluate the soil erosion severity and sediment generation in the closer catchment of a proposed reservoir, the lower Malwathu Oya Reservoir in Sri Lanka. Erosion modeling has proven cost-effective in assessing the spatial distribution of soil erosion severity. This current study utilized the Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs sediment delivery ratio (InVEST-SDR) model to analyze the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment export. A digital elevation model (30 m × 30 m), 22 years of rainfall data, land use and land cover data, soil map, and cropping factors were used as model inputs. The results revealed an average annual soil loss ranging from 0 to 15.55 t/(ha·y) in the catchment and a mean annual sediment export of 0.016 t/(ha·y). Erosion severity was classified into four hazard classes, i.e., insignificant (&lt;0.5 t/(ha·y)), weak (0.5–3 t/(ha·y)), considerable (3–12 t/(ha·y)), and severe (12 &lt; t/(ha·y)). A critical 0.12% area was identified as a considerable soil erosion hazard area, necessitating urgent measures for erosion control. High-risk areas were at Galpottegama, Asirikgama, Puleliya, Navodagama, and Thuppitiyawa Grama Niladari. These findings provide valuable insight for formulating and implementing soil conservation practices in the catchment to reduce the siltation of the proposed lower Malwathu Oya reservoir. The study is an example of using InVEST-SDR to evaluate the sedimentation of a proposed reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 253-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment nitrogen form occurrence associated with its ecological risk in the Yangtze River Delta plain-river network","authors":"Xinghua He ,&nbsp;Zihan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zucong Cai ,&nbsp;Yanhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yangtze River Delta, renowned for its intricate waterway system and fertile soil, is a crucial ecological zone in China. However, anthropogenic activities have led to significant changes in sediment nitrogen (N) forms and associated ecological risks in this region. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of various N forms in the sediment of the Yangtze River Delta plain-river network through field sampling and laboratory analysis and to assess their ecological implications. The results revealed that the concentration of total N in river water (TN_w) ranged from 1.24 to 5.96 mg/L, decreasing from northwest to southeast. The nitrate in river water (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>NO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>–</mo><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) was the major species of TN_w, accounting for 67.97% of the total. The average values of TN, total carbon (TC), and total sulfur (TS) in the sediment were 1.97, 18.36, and 1.35 mg/g, respectively. The predominant N fractions in the sediment were residual nitrogen (RN) (72.42%) and hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN) (22.44%). The ammonia in river water (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>NH</mtext><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>–</mo><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) was significantly affected by the sediment N (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Residential density (RD) and industrial density (ID) were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of TN_w (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and ID was significantly positively correlated with increased RN (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), which suggests that industrial wastewater may be a source of RN. The risk assessment revealed that 36% of the sediment samples were above the moderate TN pollution level. Furthermore, 94% of the sediment was contaminated with organic matter, with 66.7% specifically affected by organic N contamination. High riverine RN and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>NO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>–</mo><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> contents indicate serious ecological pollution risks in the complex river network area in the Yangtze River Delta. This study provides valuable insight into N cycling and associated ecological risks in the Yangtze River Delta plain-river network, which is crucial for developing effective management strategies to safeguard the ecological health of this vital region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 312-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional numerical modeling of sediment transport in a highly turbid estuary with pronounced seasonal variations","authors":"Thi-Kim-Anh Do ,&nbsp;Nicolas Huybrechts ,&nbsp;Isabel Jálon-Rojas ,&nbsp;Pablo Tassi ,&nbsp;Aldo Sottolichio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulating sediment dynamics in a large and energetic estuary system remains challenging, primarily due to the spatial and temporal complexities of the interaction between flow and sediment transport, especially for sand-mud mixtures. This study uses a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, based on the open TELEMAC system, to investigate the dynamics of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Gironde Estuary, a complex estuarine environment characterized by an estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) and significant variations in river discharge. The main contributions of this study include addressing the challenges of coupling bed friction with sediment transport of the sand-mud mixture for feedback on bed roughness and bottom depth changes and the ability of the model to capture the migration of ETM from high to low flow. Additionally, the current study analyzes the ability of the model to capture the migration of ETM from high to low flow, and it utilizes a calibration strategy that minimizes parameters by using <em>in situ</em> data and encompassing hydro–morpho-sedimentary interactions. A sensitivity analysis was done using different settling velocity approaches and sediment classes to establish an optimal model configuration and the uncertainty associated with the reduced model parameterization is discussed. The model satisfactorily reproduces the hydrodynamic features, particularly when the hydro-sedimentary feedbacks are taken into account, the seasonal trend of SSC, spring-neap variations, and the development of a well-defined ETM. The selection of a specific formulation for the settling velocity influences the location and magnitude of ETM. The van Leussen formula not only predicts a broad movement of ETM from high to low river flow, but also predicts high turbidity for extended periods during low river flow. Conversely, two empirical formulas from Le Hir and Defontaine predicted the highest turbidity during neap tides but sediment losses during prolonged simulations. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of sediment dynamics in the Gironde Estuary, providing valuable information for future estuarine modeling and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between bank erosion and bed incision in the braided reach of the Lower Yellow River undergoing channel degradation","authors":"Junqiang Xia ,&nbsp;Yifei Cheng ,&nbsp;Meirong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Xiangzhou Xu ,&nbsp;Koen Blanckaert ,&nbsp;Zhengbing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A general increase in the bankfull width and depth is found in downstream reaches because of upstream damming, especially in the braided reach of the Lower Yellow River (LYR), but the magnitude of bank erosion and its relation with bed incision remain little explored. Here based on long-term measured cross-sectional profiles (1999–2020), a quantitative method is proposed to estimate the bank erosion volume in the braided reach of the Lower Yellow River, with the contribution of bank erosion to the channel scour volume further determined. A quantitative relation was developed and calibrated between bank erosion width and bed incision depth, using the sediment continuity equation and measured data. The results indicate that: (i) significant bank erosion and bed incision processes are prevalent in the braided reach and its sub-reaches, with the bankfull widths increasing by 317–511 m and the bankfull depths increasing by 1.9–2.4 m in these reaches after the operation of the Xiaolangdi (XLD) Reservoir in 1999. Bank erosion has been dominant over bank accretion at more than 71% of the sections in the braided reach, with the most active bank deformation detected in the middle sub-reach. (ii) The cumulative bank erosion volumes temporally increased and spatially decreased, with the value of 1.80×10⁸ m³ in the upper sub-reach (R1), 1.52×10⁸ m³ in the middle sub-reach (R2), 1.08×10⁸ m³ in the lower sub-reach (R3), and 4.40×10⁸ m³ in the whole braided reach during the period of 1999–2020. Bank erosion contributed 33% of the cumulative channel scour volume in the braided reach, with a close relation developed between cumulative bank erosion volume and the previous 5-year average incoming sediment coefficient during flood seasons. (iii) A close inverse relation exists between bank erosion and bed incision in the whole braided reach and its sub-reaches, with the coefficients of determination greater than 0.90, which indicated that bank erosion hindered the process of bed incision. If there was no bank erosion after 1999, the cumulative bed incision depth would increase by at least 0.7 m in each reach. Furthermore, a similar quantitative relation was also applied to calculate the cumulative bed incision depth and bank erosion width in the braided reach during the period of 1960–1964 (the first stage after operation of the Sanmenxia Reservoir). Quite high accuracy was achieved in this analysis, with the coefficient of determination being equal to 0.96.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of soil erosion dynamics and implications for sustainable land management: A case study using the RUSLE model","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Haseeb ,&nbsp;Zainab Tahir ,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq ,&nbsp;Khalid F. Almutairi ,&nbsp;Walid Soufan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current research aimed to evaluate the severity and distribution of soil erosion in a Swat district, Pakistan, which is vital for sustainable land management and conservation efforts. This study focused on key parameters affecting soil erosion: the length factor (<em>L</em>), slope factor (<em>S</em>), crop management factor (<em>C</em>), rainfall erosivity factor (<em>R</em>), soil erodibility factor (<em>K</em>), and support practice factor (<em>P</em>). Various parameters were quantified via RS data from Sentinel-2 imagery and processed with geographical information system (GIS) tools. The values of these parameters ranged from 0.00% to 38.86%, 0 to 1, 547 to 773 <span><math><mtext>MJ</mtext><mo>·</mo><mtext>mm</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>,</mtext></math></span> 0.24–0.33 <span><math><mtext>MJ</mtext><mo>·</mo><mspace></mspace><mtext>mm</mtext><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and 0.10–1.00, respectively. On the basis of these estimates, the total annual potential soil loss was approximately 173,816 <span><math><mi>t</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><mspace></mspace><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> with extreme erosion rates exceeding 10,000 <span><math><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>ha</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><msup><mtext>year</mtext><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> in specific locations. The study categorized the soil erosion risk into five classes, ranging from very low to extreme, enabling the identification of areas requiring immediate attention and intervention. The findings of this study provide valuable insight for land management and conservation planning while also contributing to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) by identifying areas where soil erosion poses a significant threat to food security. The current study underscores the importance of addressing soil erosion to promote sustainable land use and conservation strategies, ensuring long-term agricultural productivity and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 385-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle size and settling velocity of bed and suspended sediments for mud-sand beds","authors":"Leo van Rijn ,&nbsp;Luitze Perk ,&nbsp;Bas van Maren ,&nbsp;Andy Manning","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The particle size and the settling velocity of sediments are key parameters in sediment transport studies. However, it remains surprisingly difficult to determine particle size and settling velocity distribution of fine-grained sediments (mud-sand). A large range of methodologies exist to measure either the particle size distribution or to measure the settling velocity. An important influential parameter is the shape of fine-grained sediments, with clay minerals being shaped as plates rather than as spheres. Furthermore, the settling velocity of fine particles is influenced by turbulent shear and flocculation processes. Sometimes, the sediment samples are pre-treated (destroying inter-particle bonds) to measure the primary particle sizes involved while in other cases samples are not pre-treated in order to represent the effect of flocs. As a result, a large uncertainty exists in the way particle size and settling velocity should be measured. A range of methodologies (sedimentation, video camera, and laser-diffraction) to measure the settling velocity and particle size distribution in the field and in the laboratory is used and compared. The labour-intensive sedimentation methods measure a particle size distribution which can be used for sedimentation studies. The particle size distribution measured by the most commonly applied laser diffraction method is representative of the plate diameter of the clay particles, but the corresponding settling velocity is not correct. This difference can be explained by the shape of the clay particles through a derivation of the settling velocity of non-spherical particles resulting in a simple relationship to convert the particle size measured by laser diffraction to a representative particle size to be used in sedimentation studies. A comparison of the settling velocity measured by an <em>in situ</em> settling method and by a video camera method shows good agreement for high concentrations (&gt; 2000 mg/L) but deviating results for low concentrations (&lt; 500 mg/L).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 369-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}