International Journal of Sediment Research最新文献

{"title":"Sediment coarsening in the Yellow River subaqueous delta: Regional patterns, causes, and implications","authors":"Yaoshen Fan ,&nbsp;Guangzhou Wang ,&nbsp;Shentang Dou ,&nbsp;Hongyu Ji ,&nbsp;Weiming Xie ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Du ,&nbsp;Shoubing Yu ,&nbsp;Shaohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment coarsening in submerged deltas is commonly attributed to seabed erosion because of insufficient sediment input. The Yellow River subaqueous delta (YRSD) has exhibited distinct coarsening patterns following both accretion and erosion events. To investigate these contrasting mechanisms, grain size distributions, elevation changes, and bottom shear stress patterns were analyzed across the delta from 1992 to 2022. The results revealed distinct sedimentary patterns among the abandoned YRSD, active YRSD, southern Laizhou Bay, and adjacent Bohai Sea, with average median grain size (<em>D</em>₅₀) increases of 17, 17, 6, and 0 μm, respectively. Sediment coarsening occurred primarily from 1992 to 2000, when the river mouth position was artificially altered and fluvial sediment grain size increased from 16 to 29 μm. From 1992 to 2015, the active YRSD experienced accretion at a rate of 7.8 mm/yr. Moreover, the abandoned YRSD and southern Laizhou Bay experienced significant erosion. The erosion rates were −5.1 and −1.0 mm/yr, respectively. This led to the identification of two mechanisms of sediment coarsening: erosion-driven coarsening in sediment-deficient areas and accretion-driven coarsening where the input sediment grain size increased. Although marine processes did not intensify during this period, the bottom shear stress distribution changed substantially due to morphological evolution, with correlation coefficients between grain size and shear stress showing increasing trends in littoral zones. This strengthening relationship, coupled with the declining fluvial sediment load, demonstrates the YRSD transition from river-dominated to wave-dominated processes, providing important insight into delta evolution under changing sediment regimes. The insights gained can guide Yellow River Delta management through targeted strategies and provide essential evidence for predicting delta evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the most suitable artificial neural network method for sediment estimation in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin","authors":"Ömer Faruk Karaca ,&nbsp;Kadri Yürekli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In studies on water resources planning and management, regular and complete hydrological data such as streamflow and sediment data are needed. Since the existing data generally do not fully reflect the entire process, the process needs to be modeled in order to make more reliable decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of estimating the sediment amount with the ANN technique, which can be used in many areas today, with the streamflow and sediment measured from 20 sediment gauging stations (SGS) established by State Hydraulic Works (SHW) in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin and to try to determine the most appropriate network structure. The ANN structures to be used were determined as the most commonly used Radial Basis Artificial Neural Network (RBANN), Feed Forward Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (FFBP) and Multilayer Artificial Neural Network (MLP). The obtained results were compared with the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method. The highest <em>R</em>² values obtained were determined as 0.9683 and 0.9969 in the RBANN model, 0.9546 and 0.9820 in the MLP model, 0.9735 and 0.9732 in the FFBG model with the CG and LM algorithms, respectively. When only the mean values of the test values according to the ANN models were examined, the highest value was again obtained as 0.8507 in the RBANN and LM algorithms. In terms of sediment estimation, the highest <em>R</em>² value in the ANN analysis was found in the RBANN model LM algorithm as 0.9804 in the train phase, 0.9969 in the testing phase and 0.9970 in the cross-validation phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulence structure and near-wall suppression in equilibrium and nonequilibrium sediment transport: An experimental study","authors":"Bambang Agus Kironoto ,&nbsp;Miskar Maini ,&nbsp;Adam Pamudji Rahardjo ,&nbsp;Istiarto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment transport in open channels plays a significant role in shaping turbulent flow structures, influencing sediment dynamics and flow resistance. Transport regimes are classified into equilibrium, where sediment inflow and outflow are balanced, and nonequilibrium, characterized by bed degradation. This study experimentally investigated the turbulence characteristics of sediment-laden, low-velocity open-channel flows under two conditions: sediment-feeding (SF) flows representing equilibrium and nonsediment-feeding (NSF) flows representing degradation-type nonequilibrium conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a 10-m recirculating flume using a 16-MHz acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Velocity and turbulence profiles were collected under fixed- and movable-bed configurations using two sediment types (<em>d</em>₅₀ = 1.55 and 1.85 mm) simulating tropical riverbeds. Analyses of velocity profiles, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress, mixing length, eddy viscosity, energy spectra, velocity correlations, and turbulence scales were performed. The results reveal clear distinctions between the SF and NSF flows, particularly near the bed. Sediment feeding reduces the near-bed velocity gradient (d<em>u</em>/d<em>y</em>), suppresses near-wall turbulence, and shifts the turbulence intensity peak upward to <em>y</em>/<em>H</em> ≈ 0.15. It also significantly reduces the Reynolds shear stress, whereas changes in the eddy viscosity near the bed are less pronounced because of the dominant velocity gradients. A hybrid model combining exponential and power-law terms is proposed to better represent the turbulence intensity and shear stress profiles under sediment-feeding conditions. Spectral analysis confirmed that, despite the 50 Hz sampling limit of the ADV, the inertial subrange follows Kolmogorov's −5/3 law, although the dissipation range was not captured, and microscale estimations remain approximate. Compared with sediment feeding, increased bed roughness reduces turbulence scales, whereas bed mobility effects are secondary. Shear velocity estimates derived from the Clauser, energy gradient, and Reynolds shear stress methods indicate that turbulence-based methods yield more consistent results in sediment-laden flows. These findings advance the understanding of sediment–turbulence interactions and improve sediment transport modeling for low-velocity open channels. Furthermore, these insights can be applied to enhance predictive modeling, optimize sediment management strategies, and support the design of more resilient river engineering structures, particularly in tropical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of scour profiles downstream of grade control structures via the shear stress and sediment bed curvature model","authors":"Amir H. Azimi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new semianalytical model for the prediction of local scour profiles downstream from typical grade-control structures is proposed on the basis of the variation in bed shear stress and the sediment bed curvature concept. The proposed method was applied to a continuous boundary between the flow and sediment regions to predict the scour profile downstream of submerged sharp-crested weirs. By applying the momentum equation, the nappe flow over the weir was modeled as an oblique point force on the bed surface boundary, and the eroded profile was represented by a system of differential equations. The scour length and sediment resistance strength are the two unknowns in the shear stress and sediment bed curvature (SSC) differential equations. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out under clear water conditions to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the proposed model. The scour profile was calculated via prediction equations that are based on the known maximum scour depth, <em>d</em>_max, which was proposed in this study and in the literature. The effects of the submergence ratio and flow intensity on the maximum scour depth and scour profile were investigated, and a model was developed to predict the equilibrium scour depth. The prediction error associated with equations based on the equilibrium scour depth, <em>d</em>_max, resulted in a significant error in scour length prediction. Furthermore, the deviation between the measured and predicted geometrical characteristics was also correlated with predictions of <em>d</em>_max and scour length, <em>L</em>, as functions of flow intensity and submergence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 182-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why did an ancient basin suddenly experience debris flows outbreak and migration in recent 50 years?","authors":"Liqun Lyu ,&nbsp;Yunqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Liang ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Chengyou Hou ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Huang ,&nbsp;Zihan Qi ,&nbsp;Mengzhen Xu ,&nbsp;Zhaoyin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tongde Basin, situated on the east edge of Tibetan Plateau, has accumulated substantial deposits of pebble-sand. The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has initiated incision in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, subsequently causing incision in tributaries like the Daheba River within Tongde Basin. This transitioned Tongde Basin from a sedimentary to an erosional context from 150,000 years ago. However, debris flow gullies began to develop along Daheba River since the 1970s and migrate upstream fast. The relationship between the location, outbreak time, and migration of debris flow gullies was analyzed using dendrogeomorphic dating techniques. The results indicate that the distribution of debris flow gullies is concentrated in the lower reaches of Daheba River, and the frequency of outbreaks is high. The distribution of debris flow gullies in the middle reaches is relatively small, and the frequency of outbreaks is low, but there is an accelerating trend. The distribution characteristics and frequency of debris flows are closely related to the depth of incision of the debris flow gullies and the thickness of the gravel-sand-layer. In the middle and upper reaches of Daheba River, the river incised through the pebble-sand-layer, resulting in exposed bedrock. The slope of the pebble-sand layer is steep but difficult to support large heights. The slope of the bedrock is gentle but can support a large height. Therefore, the gravel-sand sediment layer is prone to instability and continues to provide a source of debris flows under the action of river incision. The migration of debris flow gullies is related to the potential volume changes of unstable pebble-sand layers caused by the river incision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing changes in channel morphology associated with base level fall: Application on Le Sueur and Maple Rivers","authors":"Zeyad Ayoob Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Mena Ahmed Al Sawaf ,&nbsp;Ahmed Shareef Hayder ,&nbsp;Ahmed Moustafa Ahmed Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many fluvial systems have undergone significant changes in their morphology due to base level fall since the last glaciation. Channels in such transient fluvial systems continuously adjust their morphology and may still be incising until reaching a new equilibrium condition. This study examines morphometric change detection indices and techniques to quantify and analyze the recent variations in the channel properties of the lower portions of the Le Sueur and Maple Rivers, in response to upstream knickpoint migration. The results reveal that channel reaches upstream of the knickzones remain relatively stable, exhibiting low channel bed gradients and minimal morphological change. In contrast, the local channel gradient increases about ∼3 fold near the knickpoints and continues with predominantly high rates into the downstream direction. Together, the morphometric indices indicate that the channel geometry of the Maple and Le Sueur Rivers downstream of the knickpoints is actively adjusting to accommodate the rapid base level drop. Because of incomplete adjustment processes, both rivers experienced remarkable change in channel geometry between 2008 and 2015, albeit with differing adjustment patterns. In particular, the percentage change in channel properties along the knickzone reaches up to 120% for the channel cross-sectional area, 60% for the channel width, and 75% for the mean hydraulic depth. These changes are accompanied by a sharp increase in cross-sectional stream power and impose boundary shear stress along the knickzones which amplify sediment transport capacity and drive further modifications to channel size and shape. This study provides a quantitative framework for assessing geomorphic responses to base level drop and provides insights into the feedback mechanisms between hydraulic forces and channel morphology. The findings have broader implications for understanding channel evolution under non-equilibrium conditions and for guiding river management in similar fluvial systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1001-6279(25)00117-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1001-6279(25)00117-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages ii-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the potential of remediated dredged sediments as a growth medium for landscape plants: Effects of soil amendments and heavy metal uptake","authors":"Jae-In Lee ,&nbsp;Chang-Hee Lee ,&nbsp;Chang-Gu Lee ,&nbsp;Nag-Choul Choi ,&nbsp;Seong-Jik Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the potential application of dredged sediments as a medium for cultivating landscape plants, assessing plant performance in contaminated dredged sediment (CDS) and remediated dredged sediment (RDS), using commercial horticultural soil as a control. Three ornamental plant species, Korean lawn grass (KLG), <em>Aster arenarius</em> Nemoto, and English poppy, were grown under distinct soil conditions both with and without the addition of organic and biochar-based amendments. Soil quality indices and responses in plant growth were measured to determine the influence of sediment remediation and amendment application. The findings demonstrated that RDS created a more suitable substrate for plant development compared to CDS, with KLG exhibiting the most pronounced growth improvement, especially when supplemented with wood-derived biochar and soil conditioner (SC). Incorporating SC into CDS markedly improved KLG biomass, with dry weight increases of 7.4 % and 136.9 % at 2 % and 5 % SC, respectively. Significant correlations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) were observed between soil and leaf Ni concentrations. Additionally, the study analyzed how soil properties impacted heavy metal(loid) accumulation in KLG, showing that soil pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity exerted significant effects on Pb and Zn levels in plant tissues. Overall, these results indicate that adequately remediated and amended RDS has the potential to be utilized as a sustainable medium for landscape plant production and may play a role in environmental restoration initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controls on channel morphodynamics in the Yellow River Estuary: Insights from a multi-method assessment under an evolving multi-channel regime","authors":"Yanjie Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Song ,&nbsp;Haijue Xu ,&nbsp;Yuchuan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yellow River Estuary (YRE) in China has transitioned to a complex multi-channel regime since 2013, making understanding terminal channel morphodynamics crucial for effective water and sediment management. The current study investigates the controls on channel evolution in both non-estuarine and estuarine reaches of YRE, differentiated by bifurcation locations, using a multi-method approach. For the non-estuarine reach, wavelet analysis was applied to satellite-derived river centerlines (2003–2022) to quantify channel migration and its relation with fluvial forcing. In the estuarine reach, the interplay between fluvial and marine processes and their influence on channel migration were assessed. The analysis was complemented by scaled physical modeling experiments. The results indicate that in the non-estuarine reach, the erodibility of the channel, primarily governed by the median grain size of the bed material, exerts a dominant control on channel migration, with higher discharge consistently enhancing mobility by providing the necessary erosive energy. The concentration of incoming suspended sediment plays a secondary role, as much of it can be transported through the reach without causing significant local morphological change. The estuarine reach exhibits three distinct morphological states: limited mouth oscillation, minor bifurcation, and major bifurcation/avulsion. River discharge is the primary driver of these changes, while marine forces exert a stabilizing influence. Crucially, both physical modeling and field data indicate that local bed material characteristics—shaped by selective sediment transport and deposition—significantly influence estuarine morphodynamics, more so than upstream sediment supply parameters alone. Effective management of the YRE requires an integrated approach considering the spatial variability of bed material and the temporal dynamics of hydraulic conditions. The current study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between bed material properties and suspended load characteristics for predicting morphodynamic responses in sediment-rich, highly managed river systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental measurement of flocculation and settling behavior in fine sediments from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China","authors":"Le Wang ,&nbsp;Dayu Wang ,&nbsp;Alan James Stewart Cuthbertson ,&nbsp;Qingxia Chen ,&nbsp;Jianzhao Guan ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai Huang ,&nbsp;Shanghong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flocculation of cohesive sediments is widely observed in natural aquatic-sedimentary environments, such as river estuaries and nearshore coastal waters, where salinity, suspended sediment concentration and flow turbulence cause fine sediment particles to aggregate into larger flocs, resulting in intensified sedimentation. In contrast, there is currently very little evidence linking enhanced sedimentation, leading to significant storage loss within large freshwater reservoirs, specifically to fine sediment flocculation processes. Massive fine sediment volumes have been deposited in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China, which has been impounded over the past two decades. It has not yet been established what role, if any, fine sediment flocculation processes play a role in the amplified sedimentation rates that have been observed. The current study aims to test the hypothesis that fine sediment flocculation processes, which occur under prevalent hydrodynamic (i.e., turbulent shear rate <em>G</em> ≈ 4.67–227.39 s⁻¹) and sedimentary (i.e., sediment concentration <em>C</em> ≈ 0.02–2.00 kg/m³) conditions in the TGR, play important roles in sedimentation rates during reservoir impoundment. A laboratory-based, experimental study was conducted within a new, bespoke Couette flow system designed specifically to mimic the environmental shear flow conditions experienced during impoundment. Sediment samples obtained directly from the TGR bed deposits were tested within this facility to ascertain their flocculation and settling behavior under controlled shear flows and sediment concentrations. A comprehensive analysis combining the sediment composition, measured aggregate/floc size distributions and their corresponding settling behavior collectively pointed to the occurrence of fine sediment flocculation within the TGR. By disentangling the individual influences of flow velocity and sediment concentration on floc size, the combined influence of the flocculation parameters <em>C</em>/<em>G</em>^1/2 on floc size is fully revealed through experimental evidence, with a new empirical combined parameter, <em>C</em>^0.44/<em>G</em>^0.47, identified as being more appropriate for characterizing the variability in floc size under varying flow‒sediment conditions. The majority of flocs measured in the tests have a mean settling velocity nearly five times greater than that of the majority of primary fine sediment particles (i.e., with diameter <em>D</em> ≤ 29 μm) that comprise the sediment grain size distribution found in the TGR impoundment. This finding provides new evidence for the potential for flocculation-enhanced sedimentation rates occurring within the TGR and other similar large freshwater reservoirs, as dam construction disrupts the natural sediment continuity within the river system and inhibits the downstream transport of fine sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 6","pages":"Pages 954-971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}