International Journal of Sediment Research最新文献

{"title":"Sediment transport modeling for run-of-river hydropower in the Madeira River: Calibration with conventional and remote sensing data","authors":"Leonardo Zandonadi Moura ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Martinez ,&nbsp;William Santini ,&nbsp;Sergio Koide ,&nbsp;Henrique Llacer Roig ,&nbsp;Diego Raphael Alves e Santos ,&nbsp;Alexandre Kepler Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate sediment transport processes in the Madeira River, a high-load Amazon tributary altered by the Jirau run-of-river hydropower dam. A methodology for sensitivity analysis and calibration of the HEC-RAS one-dimensional morphodynamic model is developed. It integrates multiple model to measured comparisons, including conventional monitoring and water color remote sensing data. The study underscores the value of employing products derived from satellite imagery, refining model differentiation and improving the spatial and temporal resolution of sediment transport predictions. A simple, regionally significant method of estimating depth-integrated concentrations form surface index concentrations is discussed, showing that for high concentrations a 1.10–2 multiplicative factor suffices. Sensitivity analysis highlights the dominant influence of sand content in the upstream sediment load and the necessity of using the Krone–Partheniades transport formula to simulate fine sediment retention. The calibrated model estimates a sediment retention efficiency of 21.3% in the backwater-affected reach over a five-year period, with over 90% of the sand fraction being deposited. Results suggest that the wash load threshold for this system is medium to coarse silts and clay-silt flocs larger than 0.016 mm. These are the key size classes to understand deposition of fines. Flocculation processes may play a role, requiring adjustments in the input sediment load grain size distribution. A multivariate sediment rating curve, incorporating tributary discharge dynamics, enhances model performance, particularly in reproducing seasonal concentration variations in the backwater reach. These findings provide insights into the best practices for sediment modeling in high-load rivers impacted by hydropower and highlight the importance of multi-objective calibration approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 777-790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-year deployment of a single high-frequency acoustic attenuation system for measuring fine suspended sediments in stream channels","authors":"Wayne Carpenter ,&nbsp;Bradley Goodwiller ,&nbsp;Daniel Wren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The National Center for Physical Acoustics (NCPA) at The University of Mississippi has developed a single-frequency acoustic attenuation system (SFAAS) to monitor the concentration of suspended fine sediments in rivers and streams. The system was operated in the Goodwin Creek Watershed in Panola County, Mississippi, USA, from November 2019 to February 2023. The system collected data when the stream stage was above 0.3 m, and physical pump samples were collected concomitantly to provide calibration data. A subset of the data, comprising 14 storm events recorded over the multiyear deployment, will be presented here to demonstrate the operation of the SFAAS and its potential to aid in hydrologic research. SFAAS was able to provide high-resolution fine sediment concentration data with a stable calibration relationship for a given hardware configuration. The data were used to investigate the behavior of fine sediment concentrations in the watershed, including hysteresis in the relationship between flow rates and sediment concentrations during streamflow hydrographs and sediment rating curves that relate stream depth to transport rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 701-709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on scour around beveled submerged vanes","authors":"Anirban Mandal ,&nbsp;Zulfequar Ahmad ,&nbsp;Erik Mosselman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submerged vanes are an effective approach to sediment management in river systems. Nowadays, submerged vanes are increasingly utilized in contemporary river engineering due to their convenient and cost-effective installation, which distinguishes them from traditional approaches. However, this structure induces localized scour, which can potentially destabilize and compromise its integrity. The performance and effectiveness of a submerged vane in controlling scour and managing sediment depends on its shape and dimensions. The primary aim of this study is to refine the design of submerged vanes to assess the maximum scour depth in their vicinity and changes in bed morphology downstream of the vane. We carried out 95 experimental runs in clear-water conditions to investigate the influence of vane height, bevel angle, angle of flow attack, and flow regime on the maximum scour depth in the vicinity and downstream of the vane. Results show that the maximum scour depth increases with the increase in the angle of attack, vane height-to-depth ratio, and densimetric Froude number. The depth of scour around the vane and downstream in the channel decreases as the bevel angle increases. We propose empirical equations for calculating the maximum scour depth near the vane and downstream at equilibrium condition. The densimetric Froude number of the flow and the angle of flow attack are found to have the largest influence on maximum scour depth and downstream extension. The findings indicate that the bevel shape is effective method to reduces the maximum scour depth around the vane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 791-807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local erosion and mound formation induced by turbulent slurry wall jets in crossflow","authors":"Meysam Nouri ,&nbsp;Rasoul Ilkhanipour ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Azimi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the results of experimental investigation on the local erosion and mound formation induced by slurry turbulent circular wall jets in crossflow and with the presence of a secondary current. The trajectory of the slurry jets with different intensities on the bed formation was measured with an accurate laser scanner with a resolution of ±1 mm. Other data such as scour, and mound areas and volumes were measured to study the effects of sediment concentration and jet’s intensity on deformation of erodible bed at the vicinity and downstream of the crossflow. Experimental results indicated that the mass flux of sediment in slurry wall jets increased the width and spreading rate of sediment mound while increasing the intensity of the jet reduced the mound width and stretched it along the flow direction. The correlation between non-dimensional geometry parameters with the jet’s Reynolds number indicated a distinct behavior on the development and direction of mounds with a threshold Reynolds number of approximately 36,000. For turbulent slurry wall jets with Reynolds number smaller than the threshold value, most of the sediments settled at the vicinity of the nozzle and reduced the scour depth while for stronger jets, sediment dunes were formed in the curved region of the flume and scour depth was almost the same as the scour depth formed by the corresponding clear water turbulent wall jets. A linear correlation was found between the peak scour depth and jet’s Reynolds number, while peak scour depth, area, and volume decreased with increasing the initial sand concentration of slurry jets. Empirical formulas were proposed for prediction of bed deformation and jet’s trajectory, the accuracies of the proposed models were evaluated using statistical analysis, and the performance of the proposed models were compared with the existing models from the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 840-856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the impacts of inflow discharge variation on cross-sectional topography in the upper neck area of a laboratory-scale subaerial delta from SWJ–LSTM simulations","authors":"Xiaolong Song ,&nbsp;Haijue Xu ,&nbsp;Yuchuan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rivers significantly influence delta morphology and sedimentation patterns. However, the dynamic effects of rivers on the upper neck areas of subaerial deltas, which are the complex zones connecting main channels to distributary networks, remain understudied. In this research, the impacts of discharge variation on cross-sectional topography within the upper neck area of a laboratory-scale subaerial delta were examined via an integrated shallow water jet (SWJ)–long short-term memory (LSTM) modeling approach that synergistically couples SWJ equations incorporating analytical velocity distributions and parameterized bedload transport relationships with LSTM networks and gradient boosting for data-driven enhancements. Laboratory experiments, which provide detailed topographic measurements, were used for model calibration and validation. We investigated stepwise, periodic, and stochastic discharge alteration scenarios. The results revealed a fundamental pattern of spatially differentiated morphodynamic sensitivity within the upper neck area. The section farthest upstream consistently exhibited relative stability. In stark contrast, the mid-sections (spanning approximately 20%–30% of the total delta length from the inlet) emerged as the primary loci of morphological change, consistently demonstrating robust switching behaviors between pronounced erosion and deposition regimes under varying discharge regimes. In contrast, the section farthest downstream showed a more integrated and dampened response. This distinct switching mechanism within defined mid-sections, rather than diffuse variability, constituted a key finding regarding the mechanism by which the upper neck area could fundamentally process discharge fluctuations. Specifically, discharge decreases typically led to localized scouring and enhanced channelization, particularly within these active mid-sections. Conversely, increases in discharge induced increasingly complex responses involving erosion and deposition, with the specific outcome being dependent on the precise location within these mid-sections and on the nature of discharge alteration. The core components of the morphological evolution of the delta were further evaluated by the finding that the magnitude, rate, and timing of discharge changes (e.g., rapid exponential changes and slow logistic decreases), along with the amplitude of periodic fluctuations, significantly governed the intensity and characteristics of this switching behavior and the resultant morphology. Increasingly pronounced effects were observed under rapid exponential changes, slow logistic decreases, and large periodic amplitudes. Under stochastic discharge, the mean reversion rate and long-term mean volatility of discharge exerted complex, spatially variable influences on the mean bed elevation change, highlighting their critical roles in shaping morphology, whereas the volatility had a more subtle and discharge-dependent impact. Thus, this research reveal","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 742-760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of reservoir management on the efficiency of a sediment bypass tunnel: Case study of Solis Reservoir, Switzerland","authors":"Mohammadreza Maddahi ,&nbsp;Robert Michael Boes ,&nbsp;Ismail Albayrak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) divert sediment-laden flows from river systems around reservoirs to the tailwater reach and thus help prevent reservoir sedimentation. However, their bypassing efficiency largely depends on reservoir operation, particularly for type-B SBTs with an intake located within the reservoir. The present study aims to investigate the effect of reservoir operation conditions on the bypass efficiency of a type-B SBT at the case study Solis Reservoir in Switzerland. Four annual measurement campaigns were conducted in the reservoir between 2018 and 2021. Flow velocities were measured, and bathymetry was mapped using an acoustic Doppler current profiler at high spatial resolution along the elongated and narrow reservoir. In- and outflow sediment volumes were measured using turbidimeters and Swiss plate geophone systems and estimated by using state-of-the-art sediment transport equations, respectively. Two floods with one-year and five-year return periods, respectively, in 2019 and a one-year return period flood in 2020 were captured. The results show that the average sediment bypass efficiency, i.e. the ratio of outflowing to inflowing sediment volumes, increased from 17% to 88% by operating SBT. The results highlight that the SBT bypass efficiency is highly dependent on the reservoir water level. For high efficiencies above 170%, an optimal value of the reservoir drawdown level is around 813 m asl. Bypass efficiencies up to 250% indicate that the type-B SBT does not only stop sedimentation but can also help regain active storage volume of the reservoir if operated under optimal conditions in terms of reservoir water level. Without SBT operation, ca. 205,000 m³ of net sediment deposition volume would have resulted in an aggradation of 1 m on average from 2018 to 2021. The findings of this study contribute to improved SBT and reservoir operation regimes in terms of reducing the sedimentation rates and prolonging the reservoir lifetimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 761-776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment deposition in an upwelling rocky-reef in southwest Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Layla Poubel Tunala ,&nbsp;Frederico Tapajós de Souza Tâmega ,&nbsp;Ricardo Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment is highly related to coral reef degradation worldwide, and sedimentation is considered a critical cause of stress for coral communities. The current study focused on the Arraial do Cabo Marine Extractive Reserve (ACMER), recognized as a coralline oasis in the southwest Atlantic, which is facing multiple environmental pressures. Among them, mass tourism stands out, which enhances sedimentation. To address the scientific question of how sediment characteristics and rates vary across different sites, local sedimentation was monitored for about one year through sedimentation rates, granulometric composition, and the percentage of calcium carbonate (%CaCO₃) at five sampling sites, each exposed to varying levels of natural and anthropogenic activities. The results revealed distinct patterns linked to these activities and natural agents. For instance, Forno's Cove exhibited the highest percentage of fine sediment (about 70%) among all the other sampled points, suggesting the sedimentation to be strongly related to anthropogenic action. Although the overall sedimentation rates in Arraial do Cabo Bay were not high, the current findings highlight the sedimentation related to the increase in tourist activities and the need for continuous monitoring of ACMER. Such vigilance is crucial for ensuring the environmental health of coral environments and supporting the local human community's livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 710-717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between flow depth and hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness of vegetation stem cover under laboratory simulation","authors":"Hongli Mu ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhuo ,&nbsp;Yanjuan Wu ,&nbsp;Suhua Fu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Sangar Khan ,&nbsp;Naicheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass, shrubs and tree stems can increase flow depth and resistance and prevent soil erosion, and it is necessary to quantify the relationship between flow depth and hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness of vegetation stem. Therefore, the experimental design included flow depth, velocity and transport capacity, which were measured for different stem covers (bare flume to cover 30%), diameters (2, 10, and 36 mm), and arrangements (bead, tessellation, stagger, random, and stripe) to clarify the relationship between flow depth and the hydraulic radius, Reynolds number <em>Re</em>, Manning coefficient <em>n</em>_<em>m</em>, Darcy-Weisbach resistance <em>f</em> and transport capacity <em>Tc</em>. The result shows that flow depth could be effectively predicted by stem cover and stem diameter; the greater the surface roughness was, the more the difference between flow depth and hydraulic radius; and flow depth could not be used as the hydraulic radius to calculate hydraulic parameters for high surface roughness. <em>Re</em>, <em>n</em>_<em>m</em>, and <em>f</em> were significantly impacted by flow depth. The linear relationship between flow depth and <em>Re</em>, <em>n</em>_<em>m</em>, and <em>f</em> became stronger as stem cover decreased and stem diameter increased, and they were more affected by stem cover than by diameter. The relationship between flow depth and <em>f</em> was less impacted by high surface roughness of vegetation stem. <em>Tc</em> was not significantly impacted by flow depth; the Manning coefficient and Darcy-Weisbach resistance were not appropriate for predicting transport capacity; and the Reynolds number could illustrate the mechanism of sediment transport capacity affected by vegetation stem cover from the perspective of flow resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 817-828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of propeller clearance on the jet scour process in restricted water","authors":"Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Shouqian Li ,&nbsp;Yongjun Lu ,&nbsp;Canhua Zhou ,&nbsp;Dewei Mu ,&nbsp;Xingnian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid development of inland waterways and marine transportation has resulted in the construction of large ships and an increase in ship speed. Consequently, severe local scour erosion of restricted water beds occurs due to propellers, endangering the surrounding buildings and navigating in the scour area. Thus, investigating bed scouring caused by propeller jets for water-related structures and maintaining navigational safety in restricted waterways is highly important. Therefore, this work combines propeller jet wash flume experiments and dimensionless analysis to investigate the evolution of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of bed scour with varying clearance heights and the use of noncohesive sediments. The temporal evolution of jet scouring was manifested mainly as the development of the scour area's length, depth, and width, and the entire scouring process could be divided into initial, development, and equilibrium stages. The initial stage occupied more than 60% of the scouring process, and the shape of the center profile of the scour area can be expressed by a third-order function. By analyzing the scour depth variation with time, this study proposed a logarithmic equation for the temporal development process of the maximum scour depth in the scour region, which was used to predict the variation in the maximum propeller depth on the surface of the noncohesive sand bed with time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 729-741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of three plant root systems on rill erosion characteristics on coal dump slopes under simulated experiments","authors":"Yanan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yibao Lou ,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiangle Liu ,&nbsp;Mingming Guo ,&nbsp;Hongliang Kang ,&nbsp;Lanqian Feng ,&nbsp;Ruidong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dump slopes have experienced severe rill erosion and threaten the safety of the ecological environment. Although vegetation restoration has improved the ecological environments of mining areas, because dump slopes have unique soil properties, the mechanism by which roots impact rill erosion on dump slopes remains unclear. Based on the in-situ runoff scouring experiment of the dump slope and the use of bare land as the control (<em>CK</em>), the influence of roots on rill erosion characteristics (<em>RECs</em>) of the dump slopes were analyzed for three root types of vegetation, specifically, tap root–<em>Artemisia ordosica</em> (<em>AO</em>), fibrous root–<em>Elymus dahuricus</em> (<em>ED</em>) and tap + fibrous root–<em>Artemisia ordosic</em>a + <em>Elymus dahuricus</em> (<em>AE</em>). The results indicated that, compared to the <em>CK</em>, the roots reduced the rill erosion rate (<em>T</em>_<em>s</em>) by 75.61%–86.64% and the rill depth (<em>R</em>_<em>d</em>) by 64.62%–81.06% on the dump slopes. However, they increased the runoff depth (<em>h</em>) and Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) by 2.02%–37.14% and 36.1%–172.0%. Among them, <em>AO</em> significantly increased Manning roughness coefficient (<em>n</em>), Darcy–Weisbach friction factor (<em>f</em>) and shear stress (<em>τ</em>), whereas <em>ED</em> and <em>AE</em> were most effective in reducing <em>h</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>s</em>, respectively. 59.9% of the <em>RECs</em> of dump slopes were explained by roots and hydraulic characteristics together. Furthermore, <em>PLS-SEM</em> analysis revealed that roots affect hydraulic characteristics by changing surface roughness and runoff friction resistance, ultimately leading to differences in the <em>RECs</em> of dump slopes, which explained 98.5% of the <em>RECs</em> on dump slopes with a 72.2% goodness-of-fit. The above results further enhance the understanding of the role of roots in controlling rill erosion on dump slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50290,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sediment Research","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 718-728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}