International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Routing in future space-terrestrial integrated networks with SATNET-OSPF","authors":"Hongcheng Yan,&nbsp;Liang Qiao,&nbsp;Wei Wu,&nbsp;Juan A. Fraire,&nbsp;Dong Zhou,&nbsp;Luming Li,&nbsp;Yong Xu","doi":"10.1002/sat.1495","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Connectivity in satellite networks is governed by the spacecraft nodes' orbital dynamics together with the planet's continuous rotation where ground nodes are located. The resulting time-dynamic but predictable topology demands the design of specific distributed routing schemes. However, terrestrial Internet routing schemes' maturity, proven scalability, and efficiency shall be leveraged whenever possible to facilitate space-terrestrial integration while reducing risk and costs. In line with this reflection, we introduce SATNET-OSPF: a backward-compatible satellite extension for the widely used Open Shortest Path First routing protocol. The key features of SATNET-OSPF are (a) accurate routing interface mapping to inter-satellite links and ground-to-satellite links, (b) accelerated link-up/link-down event detection adapted to space-specific wireless technologies, (c) proactive routing and forwarding mechanism to take advantage of predicted link-down events, and (d) low memory footprint topology model to efficiently propagate the forthcoming space connectivity events via constrained telecommand links. Leveraging existing IPv6 and OSPFv3 open-source stacks, we implemented SATNET-OSPF in an actual space router comprising a space-grade SPARC V8 CPU and a radiation-hardened FPGA. Furthermore, we present the details of an emulation test bench supporting various configurations with COTS terrestrial OSPF routers that enabled a realistic performance evaluation of the SATNET-OSPF. Results show that SATNET-OSPF reduced OSPFv3 routing protocol overhead by up to 31%; shortened the link event detection delay by four orders of magnitude; decreased the routing outage by a factor of 22; and ensured flooding control message generation and forwarding times, as well as routing computing time, satisfy the original requirements (192, 37, and 17 ms, respectively).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42502479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Links assignment scheme based on potential edges importance in dual-layer wavelength routing optical satellite networks","authors":"Jingkai Yang,&nbsp;Qiwen Ran,&nbsp;Hongyu Wu,&nbsp;Jing Ma","doi":"10.1002/sat.1496","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1496","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the development of the massive satellite constellation and the on-orbit laser-based communication equipment, wavelength routing optical satellite networks (WROSN) becomes a potential solution for on-orbit, high-capacity, and high-speed communication. Since the inter-satellite links (ISLs) are time-varying, one of the fundamental considerations in the construction of the WROSN is assigning limited laser communication terminals for each satellite to establish ISLs with the visible satellites. Therefore, we propose a links assignment scheme (LAS) based on the potential edges importance matrix (PEIM) algorithm to construct a temporarily stable topology for a dual-layer WROSN (DWROSN). The simulation results showed that the LAS based on the PEIM algorithm diminishes the long-hops route path, reduces the average node-to-node distance, and saves the wavelength demand of the DWROSN. The node pair connectivity and wavelength demand in the DWROSN is a trade-off problem. The research in this paper also brings a novel method for optimizing the route paths and reducing the wavelength demand of wavelength routing optical satellite networks, that is through designing the topology with a links assignment algorithm.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"42 1","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-oriented resource prediction and adjustment algorithm for space-based information network","authors":"Yufei Wang,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Meili Chen,&nbsp;Sai Xu,&nbsp;Yinnian Hou","doi":"10.1002/sat.1494","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1494","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The tasks of a space-based information network are complex and diverse, but the resources of a space-based environment are minimal. The existing methods are challenging to match task demand to resource supply accurately. Aiming at the problem of accurate prediction from task to resource, we propose a resource prediction adjustment strategy. First, we propose a multidimensional resource prediction algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization and back propagation (IPSO-BP) neural network. The improved PSO is used to optimize the weight and threshold of BP neural network to make up for the defects that BP neural network is easy to fall into local minimum and the predicted output value is not unique. Second, to meet the quality of service (QoS) of tasks, we propose a density-based performance evaluation algorithm (DPEA) to adjust resources. This method uses the idea of local sensitive hash to select the evaluation subset for the configuration task, then dynamically selects the \u0000<math>\u0000 <mi>k</mi></math> nearest neighbors of the configuration task, and uses the idea of weighted average to evaluate the QoS performance index of the configuration task. Simulation results show that the proposed resource prediction and adjustment strategy effectively reduces the scheduling time overhead and improves resource utilization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 6","pages":"634-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of non‐orthogonal multiple access signalling to practical multibeam satellite deployments","authors":"T. Ramírez, C. Mosquera","doi":"10.1002/sat.1492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1492","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the contribution of non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) signalling to improve some relevant metrics of a multibeam satellite downlink. Users are paired to exploit signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) imbalances coming from the coexistence of different types of terminals, and they can be flexibly allocated to the beams, thus relaxing the cell boundaries of the satellite footprint. Different practical considerations are accommodated, such as a spatially non‐uniform traffic demand, non‐linear amplification effects and the use of the DVB‐S2X air interface. Results show how higher traffic volumes can be channelized by the satellite, thanks to the additional bit rates which are generated for the strong users under the superposition of signals, with carefully designed power levels for DVB‐S2X modulation and coding schemes in the presence of non‐linear impairments.","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of multi‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output digital beamforming algorithms in B5G/6G low Earth orbit satellite systems","authors":"M. R. Dakkak, D. Riviello, A. Guidotti, A. Vanelli-Coralli","doi":"10.1002/sat.1493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1493","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite communication systems will be a key component of 5G and 6G networks to achieve the goal of providing unlimited and ubiquitous communications and deploying smart and sustainable networks. To meet the ever‐increasing demand for higher throughput in 5G and beyond, aggressive frequency reuse schemes (i.e., full frequency reuse), combined with digital beamforming techniques to cope with the massive co‐channel interference, are recognized as a key solution. Aimed at (i) eliminating the joint optimization problem among the beamforming vectors of all users, (ii) splitting it into distinct ones, and (iii) finding a closed‐form solution, we propose a beamforming algorithm based on maximizing the users' signal‐to‐leakage‐and‐noise ratio served by a low Earth orbit satellite. We investigate and assess the performance of several beamforming algorithms, including both those based on channel state information at the transmitter, that is, minimum mean square error and zero forcing, and those only requiring the users' locations, that is, switchable multi‐beam. Through a detailed numerical analysis, we provide a thorough comparison of the performance in terms of per‐user achievable spectral efficiency of the aforementioned beamforming schemes, and we show that the proposed signal to‐leakage‐plus‐noise ratio beamforming technique is able to outperform both minimum mean square error and multi‐beam schemes in the presented satellite communication scenario.","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45817637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priority switching scheduler","authors":"Anaïs Finzi,&nbsp;Victor Perrier,&nbsp;Fabrice Francès,&nbsp;Emmanuel Lochin","doi":"10.1002/sat.1491","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1491","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We define a novel core network router scheduling architecture called priority switching scheduler (PSS), to carry and isolate time constrained and elastic traffic flows from best-effort traffic. To date, one possible solution has been to implement a core DiffServ network with standard fair queuing and scheduling mechanisms as proposed in the well-known “A Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) for Capacity-Admitted Traffic” from RFC5865. This architecture is one of the most selected solutions by internet service provider for access networks (e.g., customer-premises equipment) and deployed within several performance-enhancing proxies (PEPs) over satellite communications (SATCOM) architectures. In this study, we argue that the proposed standard implementation does not allow to efficiently quantify the reserved capacity for the AF class. By using a novel credit-based shaper mechanism called burst limiting shaper (BLS) to manage the AF class, we show that PSS can provide the same isolation for the time constrained EF class while better quantifying the part allocated to the AF class. PSS operates both when the output link capacity is fixed (e.g., wire links and terrestrial networks) or might vary due to system impairments or weather condition (e.g., wireless or satellite links). We demonstrate the capability of PSS through an emulated SATCOM scenario with variable capacity and show the AF output rate is less dependent on the EF traffic, which improves the quantification of the reserved capacity of AF, without impacting EF traffic.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 6","pages":"617-633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48027453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of satellite link using Gaussian mixture model under rain","authors":"Rajnish Kumar,&nbsp;Shlomi Arnon","doi":"10.1002/sat.1490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1490","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The evolution of communication systems to the next generation, for example, B5G and 6G, demands an ultrareliable performance regardless of weather conditions. Such ultrareliable system design will require that the effects of adverse weather events on the communication system have to be computed more accurately so that physical layer compensation should be optimally and dynamically adaptive to such events. The performance of satellite links is severely affected by dynamic rain attenuation, and thus, accurate and reliable modeling of performance parameters is essential for dynamic fade countermeasures, especially above 10 GHz. In this work, we model the energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio (\u0000&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) using Gaussian mixture (GM) model during rainy events. The developed mathematical expression is used to accurately model the average \u0000&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and ergodic channel capacity of the link. The average BER, upper bound on BER, and average ergodic capacity of an M-ary phase shift keying scheme (MPSK) using the GM model of \u0000&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; are derived to evaluate the performance of the link under such weather impairments. We then show the numerical results and analysis using the GM model of the measured \u0000&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 6","pages":"599-616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the design considerations of solid-state power amplifiers for satellite communications: A systems perspective","authors":"Emrah Öncü,&nbsp;Rasit Tutgun,&nbsp;Emre Aktas","doi":"10.1002/sat.1483","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1483","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) design approach isolates radio frequency (RF) design from communication theory. In this paper, a unified SSPA design approach is proposed, which optimizes SSPA parameters (bias voltage and input RF signal power) to minimize total DC power consumption while satisfying received SNR constraint specified by the link budget. The effect of SSPA nonlinearity is quantified by the error vector magnitude measured at its output and the corresponding received SNR degradation is analyzed. Using the quantitative metrics for received SNR, it is possible to evaluate highly nonlinear SSPA classes such as Class-B or deep-Class AB, which are normally not considered in conventional SSPA design approach to be used in satellite communication applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 6","pages":"589-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45907287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning and Deep Learning powered satellite communications: Enabling technologies, applications, open challenges, and future research directions","authors":"Arindam Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Shvetha M. Nambiar,&nbsp;Ritwik Ojha,&nbsp;Amogh Gyaneshwar,&nbsp;Utkarsh Chadha,&nbsp;Kathiravan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1002/sat.1482","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1482","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The recent wave of creating an interconnected world through satellites has renewed interest in satellite communications. Private and government-funded space agencies are making advancements in the creation of satellite constellations, and the introduction of 5G has brought a new focus to a fully connected world. Satellites are the proposed solutions for establishing high throughput and low latency links to remote, hard-to-reach areas. This has caused the injection of many satellites in Earth's orbit, which has caused many discrepancies. There is a need to establish highly adaptive and flexible satellite systems to overcome this. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have gained much popularity when it comes to communication systems. This review extensively provides insight into ML and DL's utilization in satellite communications. This review covers how satellite communication subsystems and other satellite system applications can be implemented through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the ongoing open challenges and future directions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 6","pages":"539-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44560179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FlexBeamOpt: Hybrid solution methodologies for high-throughput GEO satellite beam laydown and resource allocation","authors":"Angus Gaudry,&nbsp;Ryan Li,&nbsp;Vicky Mak-Hau","doi":"10.1002/sat.1481","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern satellite communication systems are required to serve heterogeneous and geographically dispersed user demands with limited resources. In this paper, we investigate methodologies for dynamic resource allocation in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) High-throughput Satellite (HTS) systems. We designed three solution approaches <span>FlexBeamOpt v1</span>, <span>FlexBeamOpt v2</span>, and <span>FlexBeamOpt v3</span>, each as a hybridization of custom heuristics, integer linear programming, and/or constraint programming. We test the performance of the three approaches on 12 test instances that vary in user distribution (realistic, random, and clustered), user numbers (500 vs. 5000 users), and demand distribution (uniform vs. random). We observed that <span>FlexBeamOpt v1</span>  consistently outperformed <span>FlexBeamOpt v2</span>  and <span>FlexBeamOpt v3</span>  in terms of demand coverage and number of users covered for realistic and random user distribution test instances but at the cost of computation time. <span>FlexBeamOpt v3</span>  is the fastest in these instances. For clustered user distribution instances, <span>FlexBeamOpt v3</span>  performed better in terms of demand coverage and number of users covered, at the cost of using more beams. For these test instances, <span>FlexBeamOpt v2</span>  is the fastest in terms of computation time while providing a comparable solution quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 6","pages":"515-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}