International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Link budget calculation in optical LEO satellite downlinks with on/off-keying and large signal divergence: A simplified methodology","authors":"Dirk Giggenbach,&nbsp;Marcus T. Knopp,&nbsp;Christian Fuchs","doi":"10.1002/sat.1478","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Direct-to-Earth transmissions with optical on/off-keying are becoming the method of choice to realize telemetry downlinks from low Earth orbit satellites at highest data-rates. Here, we review the calculation procedure for a practical assessment of the mean link budget in this space-ground data communication technology. We present a comprehensive survey of the dynamic orbital and beam-pointing effects as well as the impacts from atmospheric attenuation on the link performance. The paper provides an exhaustive review of the formulas commonly used and propounds a recipe to reliably estimate the received power on ground. An overview of typical data transmitter terminals, transmission channel parameters, and the according optical ground stations is provided. Comparison with measured received powers over transmitter elevation angle and the respective design estimates serves for verification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 5","pages":"460-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48494741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective routing algorithms for low-earth orbit satellite network","authors":"Xuan Xie,&nbsp;Linyu Huang,&nbsp;Chengwen Tang,&nbsp;Qian Ning","doi":"10.1002/sat.1476","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1476","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite network, composed of a large number of satellite nodes, is a hot research topic at present. Due to the characteristics of the large-scale LEO satellite network, such as many satellite nodes, short orbit period, large dynamic change of topology, and unstable link-state, its communication quality of service (QoS) requirements are difficult to meet. Aiming at this problem, various factors that may affect data transmission are first analyzed. The network link selection problem is modeled as a multi-constraint optimization decision problem, a routing mathematical model based on linear programming (LP) is designed, and its solution is solved. Aiming at the problem of limited onboard computing resources, a multi-object optimization Dijkstra algorithm (MOODA) is designed. The MOODA finds the optimal path according to the comprehensive performance of the link. It solves the problems of poor comprehensive QoS performance and the low degree of load balancing of the paths found by the Dijkstra algorithm. The simulation results show that the paths found by the two algorithms have good QoS, robustness, and load balancing performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 5","pages":"427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic even distribution resource scheduling mechanism combined with network coding for inter-LEO satellite networks","authors":"Xin Tong,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1002/sat.1480","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1480","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resource scheduling mechanism of LEO satellite networks is the key to determining communication efficiency. Facing the LEO satellite networks with the dynamic topology changes, varying service requirements, and intermittent inter-satellite links (ISLs), the state-of-the-art cannot achieve high resource efficiency under both heavy and burst traffic loads, and the applicability of parameters design is insufficient under intermittent ISLs. Considering this, we propose a dynamic even distribution mechanism combined with network coding DENC. This novel mechanism obtains the service requirements and allocates resources dynamically through the even distribution algorithm to balance network maintenance overhead and resource waste and improves the success probability of transmission based on network coding to balance retransmission and redundancy. In this paper, we establish performance analysis models to optimize the parameters such as maintenance frequency and coding coefficient. Besides, we construct a system-level simulation platform. Mathematical and simulation results indicate that the resource efficiency of EMNC can be improved by more than 48% compared with SAHN-MAC, ICSMA, CSMA-TDMA, and HTM when all nodes have service needs, and the ISL outage rate is 20%. As the outage probability of ISL increases and the proportion of nodes with service requirements decreases, the performance advantage of EMNC becomes more apparent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 5","pages":"499-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41785856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireless-SpaceWire bridge for intrasatellite transmissions","authors":"Rares Buta,&nbsp;Emanuel Puschita,&nbsp;Botond Sandor Kirei,&nbsp;Cristian Codau,&nbsp;Tudor Palade,&nbsp;Paul Dolea,&nbsp;Andra Pastrav","doi":"10.1002/sat.1479","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1479","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The scope of this paper is to present the proof-of-concept and functional verification of a Wireless-SpaceWire bridge (High-Throughput Wireless-SpaceWire Bridge for Intra-Satellite Transmissions [HiSAT] bridge) designed to replace the wired SpaceWire (SpW) connections for intraspacecraft communications. To provide proper data handling and conversion, the proposed solution implements two main components: (1) the SpW Converter, which provides the SpW interface, and (2) the Wireless Converter, which provides the multiantenna radio frequency (RF) front-end. High-end research infrastructure is used in the solution implementation. STAR-Dundee SpW products emulate real spacecraft instrumentation and implement the SpW links and interfaces. Xilinx FPGA ZCU102 boards are used for the implementation of the hardware/software communication stack of the SpW Converter. A comprehensive National Instruments USRP Software Defined Radio platform is used to implement the Wireless Converter. End-to-end laboratory tests are run to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution in terms of average end-to-end delay, average data rate, and packet success rate and to assess the technology readiness. The results demonstrate that the HiSAT bridge is TRL4 and that the technological approach (i.e., using FPGAs and OFDM transmissions) can successfully replace an on-board intraspacecraft SpW link.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 5","pages":"477-498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43595956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive coding modulation selection optimisation scheme for Ka-band LEO mobile satellites","authors":"Hongrong Shen,&nbsp;Qian Ning,&nbsp;Bingcai Chen","doi":"10.1002/sat.1475","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1475","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address the problem that Ka-band satellite communication signal transmission is easily affected by rainfall and terminal environment, combining the characteristics of high-speed movement of LEO satellites and the wave propagation characteristics of satellite-ground links, this paper establishes a Markov synthesis model of four-state satellite channels based on Ka-band that integrates rainfall attenuation and terminal shadow attenuation, and a scheme for adaptive coding and modulation selection based on the DVB-S2 standard is proposed. Based on this, a rainfall fading probability density function (PDF) based on the satellite elevation angle variation is derived, and a more efficient and streamlined set of modulation and coding(MODCOD) is obtained through simulations and calculations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only effectively solves the problem of severe fading of the transmission signal due to rainfall, ground movement environment and satellite mobility but also significantly reduces the system complexity of the original DVB-S2 standard scheme with little loss of efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 4","pages":"406-425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite constellation design for 5G wireless networks of mobile communications","authors":"Ravandran Muttiah","doi":"10.1002/sat.1477","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1477","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Satellite constellation design plays an important role in satellite networks. Network constellation system design can affect the effectiveness of current improvements of the communications link and the management of the entire network. The power requirement of the mobile stations and ground stations is very high in a geostationary Earth orbit communication system, which means the terrestrial terminal is hard to be made handheld for fifth generation mobile communications. The emergence of nongeostationary orbit satellites such as low Earth orbit satellites greatly compensates for the disadvantage of geostationary Earth orbit satellites. Based on the classical constellation design method, the orthogonal circular orbit constellation is proposed. The design objectives considered here are the following: global Earth coverage by low Earth orbit satellites, the duration of continuously covering one mobile station by one satellite is more than 9.57 min, the access satellite link duration time of the mobile station is more than 4.79 min, and the number of satellites and orbits is to be minimum.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 5","pages":"441-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wiener predistorter for nonlinear satellite downlinks","authors":"Azam Mehboob,&nbsp;Kelvin J. Layton,&nbsp;Gottfried Lechner,&nbsp;William G. Cowley","doi":"10.1002/sat.1474","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1474","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nonlinear power amplifier and the analogue output channel filter with nonconstant group delay add nonlinear and linear distortions to the satellite transmitted signal, respectively. Recently, there has been growing interest in using Wiener predistorters, consisting of separate nonlinear and linear components, to compensate for these distortions in the satellite downlinks. The Wiener predistorter has been shown to effectively deal with signal distortions and has lower complexity compared to other state-of-the-art methods. In this paper, we argue that fully compensating the nonconstant group-delay distortion degrades the overall performance of the Wiener predistortion systems. This is primarily due to the increased peak-to-average power ratio of the signal at the output of the linear predistorter. We show that the overall performance of the Wiener predistorter can be improved by undercompensating the group-delay distortion. We propose two optimizations to address the PAPR growth problem and show using simulations that our approach leads to significant improvement in predistortion performance. Using our Wiener predistorter, the total degradation gap to the ideal limiter channel can be reduced to merely 0.34 dB for 64-APSK modulated signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 4","pages":"392-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editorial IJSCN special issue on 3GPP NTN standards for future satellite communications","authors":"Mohamed El Jaafari,&nbsp;Nicolas Chuberre","doi":"10.1002/sat.1472","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1472","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;WHY A NEW STANDARD FOR SATCOM? AND WHY 3RD GENERATION PARTNERSHIP PROJECT (3GPP) HAS DEVELOPED SUCH STANDARD FOR SATCOM?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With recent moves that have been seen towards the integration of satellite communication in 3GPP eco-system and the emergence of hybrid terrestrial-satellite systems, the following questions arise: What are the roles for satellite communications in 5G system? Why a new standard for Satcoms? And, why was such standard developed in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ensuring global service continuity, high service reliability and availability are three main challenges for mobile telecommunications technologies. In Recommendation ITU-R M.2083—IMT Vision—Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond, on the relationship between IMT-2020 and other access systems, it is recommended that users should be able to &lt;b&gt;access services anywhere&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;anytime&lt;/b&gt;. To achieve this goal, interworking will be necessary among various access technologies, which might include a combination of different fixed, terrestrial and satellite networks. Each component should fulfill its own role, but also should be integrated or interoperable with other components to provide ubiquitous seamless coverage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As depicted in Figure 1, prior to 3GPP Release-17, 3GPP networks are natively designed only for Terrestrial based cellular networks. On the other hand, Satellite Networks are based on proprietary technologies. Thereby, only limited interworking between Satcom based Networks and 3GPP cellular networks components is possible. 3GPP work on Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) and the integration of satellite technology in 3GPP specifications starting from 3GPP Release-17 open a new frontier in 3GPP cellular systems and usher in new paradigms for connected society by adding a satellite component to the 5G system and thereby delivering the promise of an ubiquitous end-to-end ecosystem that can support a myriad of new use cases. Here, “integration” means that the satellite and terrestrial components of the network are able to work together seamlessly to provide coverage continuity to end users. As the 5G design is originally optimized for terrestrial network component a great care has been taken to minimize impacts at UE, NG-RAN and 5GC level while supporting the largest range of satellite network deployment scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beyond 5G, it is expected that 6G networks will natively support both terrestrial and satellite access networks highly integrated at both service and operational level by adopting a design optimized taking into account characteristics of both network components.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Legacy Satcom systems are characterized by the reliance on industry driven technical specifications leading to proprietary architecture, protocol stack and radio access levels up to the point where basic satellite access network interoperability between different vendors is not granted. Hence the current approach f","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 3","pages":"217-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the 3GPP-defined NTN standard: A comprehensive view on the 3GPP work on NTN","authors":"Mohamed El Jaafari,&nbsp;Nicolas Chuberre,&nbsp;Stephane Anjuere,&nbsp;Laurent Combelles","doi":"10.1002/sat.1471","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1471","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the recent publication of a set of technical specifications in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) related to non-terrestrial network (NTN) enhancements, a global standard for satellite systems is newly defined aiming to support any orbit, any frequency band, and any device. It opens the door for the seamless integration of satellite network component in 5G system and beyond, delivering the promise of a ubiquitous mobile system that can support new use cases. The emergence of hybrid terrestrial-satellite systems is the result of a joint effort between stakeholders of both mobile and satellite industries and is paving the way to new business opportunities. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view on this 3GPP NTN standard and what are the next steps.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 3","pages":"220-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43894386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping spatial distribution of comm-satellite's beam based on ground omni-antennas","authors":"Zixuan Ren,&nbsp;Jin Jin,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Yafeng Zhan","doi":"10.1002/sat.1473","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sat.1473","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current satellite communications (SatComs) systems are composed of a large number of satellites, beams and terrestrial devices. Due to their multinode dynamic nature, the usage of frequency resources is variable, complex and difficult to characterize. In particular, with the development of satellite-borne phased array antenna technology, SatCom beams carrying different frequencies are directionally and dynamically distributed in global scale. Mapping and locating the spatial beam distributions of communication satellite (comm-satellite) are the bases of intersystem cofrequency interference mitigation and spatial frequency reuse. In this paper, we design a data selection–multiparameter fitting iteration (DS-MFI) algorithm on the basis of ground-based omnidirectional antennas. The proposed approach can effectively map the spatial distribution of comm-satellite's beam, including satellite transmitter position, equal-gain off-axis angle, and beam pointing in azimuth and elevation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach for satellites with fixed or steerable beams at different altitudes. Furthermore, the results become increasingly accurate as the dense of ground omni-antenna increases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"41 4","pages":"374-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45029380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}