International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic Resource Allocation for LEO Satellite Systems Under Heterogeneous Traffic Distributions","authors":"Jaeyoung Song,&nbsp;Satya Chan,&nbsp;Hee Wook Kim,&nbsp;Bon-Jun Ku,&nbsp;Daesub Oh,&nbsp;Sooyoung Kim","doi":"10.1002/sat.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an efficient resource allocation scheme for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems. Taking into account the unique characteristics of LEO systems for 6G communication services, we introduce a dynamic bandwidth and power allocation scheme specifically designed to accommodate highly heterogeneous traffic distributions. The proposed scheme employs dynamic linear models that relate power and bandwidth in order to minimize power consumption while satisfying system capacity constraints. Simulation results presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves power efficiency compared to conventional multibeam satellite systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semicentralized Online Resource Allocation for Ensuring QoS in Deep Space DTN","authors":"Lei Yang,&nbsp;Kanglian Zhao,&nbsp;Juan A. Fraire,&nbsp;Ruhai Wang,&nbsp;Scott C. Burleigh,&nbsp;Wenfeng Li,&nbsp;Hong Yang","doi":"10.1002/sat.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deep space exploration has seen rapid advancements in recent years, accompanied by a surge in exploration equipment and service traffic. Delay/disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs) offer a robust communication architecture to support these missions by providing unified and efficient communication services. A critical network metric, the service payoff, reflects the value delivered by the network and is directly tied to the ability to meet quality of service (QoS) requirements for diverse service flows. However, in the deep-space DTN architecture, there is a lack of solutions for allocating corresponding network resources for different service flows to achieve QoS guarantees, making it challenging to improve network service payoff. Therefore, this paper introduces a fully centralized online resource allocation (FCORA) scheme to maximize the service payoff in deep space DTNs. By incorporating non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology, the scheme enhances spectrum utilization through joint optimization of bandwidth allocation, user clustering, and power control. To address the computational challenges of centralized allocation, we propose a semicentralized online resource allocation (SCORA) algorithm, which offloads fine-grained service flow control to edge nodes using parallel edge computing. Simulation results demonstrate that FCORA and SCORA significantly enhance service payoff, even under heavy traffic conditions. Furthermore, SCORA achieves low computational latency, meeting the real-time requirements for online resource allocation in deep space DTNs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"184-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest Editorial: IJSCN Special Issue on ASMS/SPSC 2022","authors":"Tomaso de Cola,&nbsp;Alessandro Guidotti,&nbsp;Stefano Cioni","doi":"10.1002/sat.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This Special Issue of the Wiley International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking hosts a selection of papers from the 11&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems (ASMS) Conference and the 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Signal Processing for Space Communications (SPSC) Workshop, held virtually on September 6–8, 2022. They were jointly organized by the DLR Institute for Communications and Navigation and JOANNEUM RESEARCH, with the scientific support of the European Space Agency, the University of Bologna, and the Graz University of Technology, under the auspices of “Das Land Steiermark.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ASMS conference and SPSC workshop have become recognized events for industry and research institutions to exchange up-to-date information about recent advances and emerging technologies in the field of mobile satellite communication systems. The ESA's SPSC workshop dates back to 1988 when pioneering work in digital signal processing for satellite communications was first presented by worldwide authorities in the field. In addition, following the successful path opened by the 2006 edition of ASMS and continued with regular biannual editions, the scope of the conference has been further widened, as the small though important change in its name by replacing the word “mobile” with “multimedia” testifies. This is remarkable not only because the major part of the satcom market belongs to broadcasting and broadband access operators but fundamentally because the convergence of broadcast, mobile, and fixed satellite communications is essential to offer seamless connectivity anywhere at any time, which is recognized as the key element for the successful deployment of future satellite systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This Issue collects the extended versions of six of the best papers presented at the 2022 ASMS/SPSC joint event. The papers have been selected with the aim of providing an insight in the developments and findings in this exciting field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the first paper, “Co-Existence of Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks on Adjacent Frequency Bands,” the authors investigate the deployment options with respect to TN and NTN coexistence, with special focus on spectrum considerations in the form of adjacent frequency bands exploitation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second paper, “Evaluation of MU-MIMO Digital Beamforming Algorithms in B5G/6G LEO Satellite Systems,” analyzes the potential of MU-MIMO digital beamforming in 5G-enabled LEO satellite systems by showing the research delta with respect to the existing literature and proving the performance superiority through the results collected in extensive simulation campaigns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the third paper, “Rethinking LEO Constellations Routing with the Unsplittable Multi-Commodity Flows Problem,” the focus is on the design and optimization of routing strategies for LEO satellite constellations by applying the multicommodity flow theoretical framework. The paper discusses the advantages offered by this approach and provides promising re","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Relay and RIS Optimization for Covert 6G Ground Station Communications","authors":"N. Belgacem,&nbsp;W. Belgacem","doi":"10.1002/sat.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dynamic channels, energy constraints, and the risk of warden detection pose significant challenges to securing covert communications in 6G ground station networks. To address these challenges, we propose a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework that jointly leverages mobile relays and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to optimize relay trajectories, transmit power, and RIS phase shifts. Unlike traditional optimization-based and existing reinforcement learning approaches, the proposed scheme simultaneously maximizes covert throughput, minimizes energy consumption, and ensures robustness under imperfect channel state information. The optimization problem is solved using the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed framework maintains a warden detection error probability above \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mn>90</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo></math> in over \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mn>95</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo></math> of time slots, while delivering covert transmission rate improvements of up to \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mn>77</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo></math> compared to static-RIS baselines and \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mn>63</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo></math> relative to greedy relay baselines. Moreover, the approach demonstrates resilience to channel estimation errors (e.g., the Gaussian perturbations with \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup></math> up to \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mn>0.1</mn></math>) and offers computational scalability, with inference time \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <mn>15</mn>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>ms</mi></math> per slot on GPU, making it suitable for real-time implementation in the next-generation satellite networks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Pei Lyu,&nbsp;Kanglian Zhao,&nbsp;Tomaso de Cola","doi":"10.1002/sat.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Robust Space-to-Ground Laser Communication Downlink Scheduling Under Uncertainty Derived From Multisource</i> by Pei Lyu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1569.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Encryption Techniques in Satellite Communications With Chaotic Injection and Quantum Collapse for Enhanced Security","authors":"Amit Krishan Kumar,&nbsp;Craig Quan,&nbsp;Maximillan Houniola,&nbsp;Satyanand S. Singh,&nbsp;Rahul R. Kumar,&nbsp;Mansour H. Assaf,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/sat.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Satellite communication systems are important in global information exchange in areas such as military security, weather forecasting, and telecommunications. Advanced encryption standard (AES) is widely used in satellite communication due to its robustness and efficiency. However, conventional AES implementations focus primarily on encryption and decryption, which require further improvements in attack resilience, particularly against adversaries that use machine learning–based cryptanalysis and quantum threats. This paper examines the use of AES algorithms to protect data transmission over satellite communications. It introduces novel modifications to AES, incorporating machine unlearning as a defensive mechanism against attacks, chaotic injection for enhanced key unpredictability, and a quantum-inspired approach based on wavefunction collapse to mislead attackers. Machine unlearning dynamically alters cryptographic states upon intrusion detection, preventing key recovery. Chaotic injection is explored in the S-Box and key scheduling process to introduce controlled unpredictability without compromising reversibility. Additionally, a quantum circuit representation of AES is proposed, where an adversarial attack induces a wavefunction collapse, leading to incorrect but deterministic outputs. Performance evaluation under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) conditions demonstrates that the proposed AES achieves an average encryption throughput of 194 Mbps with only 3.2% additional computational overhead, whereas entropy analysis shows 7.85–7.92 bits/byte, with an improvement of 1.08% over standard AES and expanding the effective key space by approximately 6.6 times. Comparative security testing shows a 25% increase in resistance to differential attacks. Empirical machine learning attacks demonstrate a drop in classifier accuracy from approximately 92.3% for the baseline AES to 55.5% for the proposed scheme. These results confirm that the proposed modifications significantly strengthen AES while maintaining computational efficiency for real-world satellite communication scenarios.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"158-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Electric and Chemical Propulsion Effects on Fixed Antenna Pointing Stability in GEO Satellites","authors":"Oz Ibrahim,&nbsp;Yumusak Nejat","doi":"10.1002/sat.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the impact of station-keeping strategies on antenna pointing stability for geostationary (GEO) satellites equipped with either chemical or electric propulsion systems. Two representative satellites—Sat-C (chemical propulsion) and Sat-E (electric propulsion)—are simulated in GEO orbit to assess their orbital behaviour and the resulting pointing losses at fixed ground stations. Sat-C employs a conventional 14-day station-keeping cycle, while Sat-E follows a more frequent 6 + 1 day manoeuvre plan enabled by its low-thrust electric propulsion system. Antenna pointing losses are quantified for a range of ground antenna sizes (0.5–16 m) operating in Ku-band (12 GHz) and Ka-band (25 GHz), with performance assessed over multiple days after station keeping manoeuvre.</p><p>Results show that electric propulsion yields significantly reduced pointing losses across all antenna sizes. For example, at 5-m antenna diameter, maximum pointing loss for Sat-C reaches up to 2.25 dB in Ku-band and 9.77 dB in Ka-band, whereas corresponding losses for Sat-E are limited to 0.18 and 0.79 dB, respectively. The study also evaluates the threshold conditions under which mandatory auto-tracking becomes necessary, using International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations and guidelines provided by satellite operator ground station specifications. These findings underline the superior stability of electric propulsion platforms in terms of ground link alignment, especially in high-frequency applications where beamwidths are narrow and pointing errors are critical to link margin.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"144-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDLB: An SDN-Based Load-Balancing Routing Protocol for Autonomous Satellite Constellation Networks","authors":"Manuel M. H. Roth,&nbsp;Hartmut Brandt,&nbsp;Hermann Bischl,&nbsp;David Fernández Piñas,&nbsp;Guray Acar","doi":"10.1002/sat.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Routing in satellite constellation networks with intersatellite links has become an important aspect to enable broadband Internet access and to integrate into terrestrial networks. However, their dynamic characteristics and large physical size require specifically tailored solutions. To address these challenges, we propose and investigate a load-balanced routing protocol based on distributed software-defined networking. The approach relies on independent space-borne clusters with on-board controllers. Reduced signaling overhead is achieved by geographical intercluster routing algorithms. We evaluate the performance of the protocol in a custom-built system-level simulator, considering different architectures, design choices, and scenarios. Comprehensive comparisons with source-routed schemes and an upper benchmark demonstrate the viability of the solution. Notably, for the given scenario, the protocol can handle network loads of up to 15.0 Gbps before quality of service compliance falls below 95%. Compared with the 7.6 Gbps supported by source-routing, this represents an increase of 97.4%. This is achieved while maintaining an average routing convergence of 117.338 ms. The work provides valuable in-depth insights into the design of optimized routing protocols for satellite constellation networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"109-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-Satellite Link Allocation Based on RL-NSGA-II","authors":"Weiwu Ren,&nbsp;Bingsen Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Gao,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Jialin Zhu","doi":"10.1002/sat.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Researching the satellite network link allocation problem to meet interstellar communication demands is an important subject. In this study, we first analyzed the characteristics of satellite networks and designed a topology processing mechanism based on finite state automata (FSA). Then, with the visibility of the satellite as the constraint and the communication delay performance of the inter-satellite link as the optimization goal, the link allocation problem of the navigation satellite network is modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, for the established multi-objective optimization problem, an algorithm based on the combination of Q-learning and non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed to solve the link allocation problem. The simulation results show that the network delay performance of the optimized link allocation obtained through the algorithm combining reinforcement learning and NSGA-II has been improved, and the link communication delay is better than the traditional multi-objective optimization algorithm. At the same time, the state duration of the FSA is reduced, which facilitates the acquisition of satellite links with good network delay performance. These research results show that the RL-NSGA-II algorithm based on the combination of Q-learning and non-dominated genetic algorithms has great potential in solving satellite network link allocation problems, providing better performance and effects for satellite networks that meet the needs of interstellar communications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"128-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating SATCOM Uplink Interference in Large Analog Phased Array via Sidelobe Cancellation","authors":"Qing Wang,&nbsp;Kang Luo,&nbsp;Yu Guo,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Fangmin He,&nbsp;Jin Meng","doi":"10.1002/sat.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interference mitigation remains a persistent challenge in satellite communication (SATCOM). Especially, a cost-effective and efficient approach is demanded to full-fill the 6G vision of ubiquitous coverage with low-cost satellites. To this aim, we advocate applying sidelobe cancellation (SLC) in combination with analog phased arrays for SATCOM uplink interference mitigation. In this paper, we conduct theoretical performance analysis of such SLC system by proposing an approximate signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) model. Specifically, we provide a mathematical explanation for the relationship between SINR and auxiliary array gain, which is a pivotal inquiry in system design but remains inadequately addressed. Based on these novel findings, we also propose an approach to optimize the system performance via online control of the auxiliary array gain. The proposed models and methods are rigorously validated through extensive simulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"44 2","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}