{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Pei Lyu, Kanglian Zhao, Tomaso de Cola","doi":"10.1002/sat.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Robust Space-to-Ground Laser Communication Downlink Scheduling Under Uncertainty Derived From Multisource</i> by Pei Lyu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1569.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingze Yu, Cheng Ju, Dongdong Wang, Na Liu, Chunyao Chen, Jiamin Fan
{"title":"Orthogonal Transform-Assisted OFDM Modulation Scheme for Nonterrestrial Network Systems","authors":"Jingze Yu, Cheng Ju, Dongdong Wang, Na Liu, Chunyao Chen, Jiamin Fan","doi":"10.1002/sat.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Doppler frequency offset, Doppler spreading, and multipath effects are induced by the rapid movement of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, which collectively result in two-dimensional (2D) time-frequency fading within nonterrestrial network (NTN) systems. Consequently, this leads to a degradation in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) uniformity and deep fading across the time-frequency grid in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which significantly impairs the bit error rate (BER) performance. The orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) scheme is capable of addressing 2D time-frequency fading but at the cost of increasing the complexity of the receiver. In this work, an orthogonal transform-assisted OFDM (OTA-OFDM) scheme is proposed, which is based on orthogonal transforms to map data symbols into the time-frequency grid, effectively spreading the data symbol energy throughout the time-frequency domain. Simulations within a 400 MHz NTN system indicate that at a BER of 10<sup>−3</sup>, OTA-OFDM outperforms OFDM with SNR gains of 3.73 and 1.92 dB in NTN-TDL-B and NTN-TDL-D channels under QPSK modulation. It also obtains 3.24 and 1.54 dB SNR gain respectively under 16-QAM modulation. Furthermore, OTA-OFDM achieves performance comparable to OTFS while reducing the complexity of the channel estimation and equalizer modules in the receiver by 93.33%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 6","pages":"500-506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beam Management for Interference Mitigation in GEO-LEO Satellite Networks With Precoding","authors":"Xing Xin, Gaofeng Cui, Weidong Wang","doi":"10.1002/sat.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spectrum scarcity can be effectively mitigated through spectrum sharing between LEO and GEO satellites. However, severe interbeam interference may be caused by the dense distribution and wide coverage of multilayer satellite systems. Furthermore, the uneven distribution of traffic demand generated by users may lead to load imbalance among satellites, by which service fairness may be degraded. In this paper, beam management and precoding design are investigated in GEO-LEO coexistence networks to mitigate interbeam interference and improve service fairness in multi-layer satellite systems. To solve the load imbalance problem, a serving satellite allocation algorithm based on game matching theory is proposed. Moreover, a heuristic-based joint beam management and precoding algorithm is proposed to mitigate interference and enhance service fairness. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 6","pages":"487-499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Lindörfer, Sven Wente, Julian Rothe, Sergio Montenegro
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Twins4Space: Latency and Data Rates in a SpaceWire Network","authors":"Stefan Lindörfer, Sven Wente, Julian Rothe, Sergio Montenegro","doi":"10.1002/sat.1570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modular Space Systems are an innovative and future-oriented concept, offering the flexibility to adapt to diverse mission requirements. In our previous paper, we introduced the Twins4Space project, a modular and flexible architecture utilizing a SpaceWire network to connect distributed nodes. In this paper, we focus on the empirical performance evaluation of the system, presenting detailed measurements of its communication layer. Key performance indicators such as SpaceWire Time-Code latency and network data rates are assessed, which are essential for maintaining predictable operational conditions within decentralized nodes. Our findings demonstrate that Twins4Space can effectively meet the rigorous demands of future space applications, providing robust communication and swift reconfiguration capabilities. Furthermore, areas with optimization potential are identified, offering opportunities for further performance improvements. This validation underscores the practical potential of the Twins4Space approach in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of space mission infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 6","pages":"474-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pei Lyu, Kanglian Zhao, Tomaso de Cola, Hangsheng Zhao
{"title":"Robust Space-to-Ground Laser Communication Downlink Scheduling Under Uncertainty Derived From Multisource","authors":"Pei Lyu, Kanglian Zhao, Tomaso de Cola, Hangsheng Zhao","doi":"10.1002/sat.1569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1569","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Space-to-ground laser communication (SGLC) utilizes laser beams to establish high-capacity bidirectional links between satellites and ground stations (GSs). However, its performance is significantly impaired by cloud cover and atmospheric turbulence. In practical SGLC downlink scheduling, uncertainties derived from such atmospheric conditions are inevitable. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to tackle downlink scheduling for SGLC under such uncertainties, with the objective of maximizing the total amount of data downloaded from satellites. We present a robust formulation of the scheduling problem that incorporates multisource uncertainties through budgeted uncertainty sets, consequently transforming the original problem into a bi-level optimization one with conflicting objectives. To address such problems, we first utilize McCormick envelopes to linearize bilinear terms in the inner optimization problem. We subsequently propose a KKT condition-based method to convert the bi-level structure into a single-level reformulation, which is further transformed into a tractable mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Compared with the existing method, which does not consider such uncertainties, the proposed approach achieves robust scheduling strategies with respect to data throughput.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 6","pages":"459-473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingxiao Xiu, Jun Liu, Xiangjun Liu, Yufei Wang, Jingyi Wang
{"title":"Task-Oriented Multiobjective Computation Offloading in LEO Mega-Constellation Edge Computing Network","authors":"Qingxiao Xiu, Jun Liu, Xiangjun Liu, Yufei Wang, Jingyi Wang","doi":"10.1002/sat.1567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1567","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation network, with its extensive coverage and low-latency characteristics, offers new opportunities to meet the demands of computation-intensive and latency-sensitive applications in remote areas. However, with the increasing complexity of task offloading demands and the limited availability of satellite resources, resource management and scheduling face significant challenges. To tackle these challenges, we propose a satellite-terrestrial integrated LEO mega-constellation edge computing network (LMCECN) management architecture, which enables satellite-terrestrial resource allocation and task offloading through the cooperative scheduling of primary and secondary satellites. Based on this architecture, we design a deep reinforcement learning-based task-oriented mega-constellation edge offloading (TOMEO) scheme, which significantly improves task offloading efficiency by incorporating task sorting and resource clustering preprocessing mechanisms. Furthermore, a multiobjective double dueling noisy deep Q-network (DDNDQN) algorithm is introduced, which comprehensively considers multiple optimization objectives, including task completion rate, load balancing degree, task delay, and energy consumption, further enhancing task offloading efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed offloading scheme outperforms the baseline schemes across all optimization objectives and improves the task offloading performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 5","pages":"392-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide Orsucci, Philipp Kleinpaß, Jaspar Meister, Innocenzo De Marco, Stefanie Häusler, Thomas Strang, Nino Walenta, Florian Moll
{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Davide Orsucci, Philipp Kleinpaß, Jaspar Meister, Innocenzo De Marco, Stefanie Häusler, Thomas Strang, Nino Walenta, Florian Moll","doi":"10.1002/sat.1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Assessment of Practical Satellite Quantum Key Distribution Architectures for Current and Near-Future Missions</i> by Davide Orsucci et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1544.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Separation of PCMA Signals Based on Maximum Correntropy Algorithm","authors":"Mojtaba Hajiabadi","doi":"10.1002/sat.1561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1561","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paired carrier multiple access (PCMA) is a critical technique in satellite communication systems for frequency reuse and optimizing spectrum utilization. While separation of PCMA signals in Gaussian noise environments is well-established, designing algorithms for impulsive noise remains a challenge. This paper proposes a novel correntropy-based adaptive filter with an equalizer to separate PCMA signals in the presence of impulsive noise. It is important to note that our approach is currently limited to single-beam applications and specifically for constant QPSK modulations. We compare the performance of our method with the well-known least mean square (LMS) adaptive filter using bit error rate (BER) and mean square deviation (MSD) simulations, demonstrating the superiority of our approach.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 5","pages":"362-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Interference Prediction and Receive Beamforming for Dense LEO Satellite Networks","authors":"Xing Xin, Gaofeng Cui, Weidong Wang","doi":"10.1002/sat.1563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1563","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dense low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks with full frequency reuse can offer seamless global coverage and high spectrum efficiency. However, multiple satellites have overlapping coverage areas, leading to co-channel interference that degrades communication system performance. Moreover, the high dynamic nature of LEO satellites makes the interference varies over time. In this paper, we analyze the receive beamforming to mitigate the complex and time-varying interference in dense LEO satellite networks, and the interference mitigation is formulated as a long-term data rate maximizing problem. To address this problem, a joint intelligent interference prediction and receive beamforming design algorithm is proposed. First, an interference prediction algorithm based on long short-term memory (LSTM) is employed to predict the direction of arrival (DOA) information. Then, a hybrid beamforming algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed to mitigate interference. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves long-term data rate for users and outperforms other benchmark algorithms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 5","pages":"381-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas J. Rattenbury, Joseph Ashby, Francis Bennet, Marcus Birch, John E. Cater, Kate Ferguson, Dirk Giggenbach, Ken Grant, Andreas Knopp, Marcus T. Knopp, Ed Kruzins, Andrew Lambert, Kerry Mudge, Catherine Qualtrough, Samuele Raffa, Jonas Rittershofer, Mikhael T. Sayat, Sascha Schediwy, Robert T. Schwarz, Matthew Sellars, Oliver Thearle, Tony Travouillon, Kevin Walker, Shane Walsh, Stephen Weddell
{"title":"Update on the German and Australasian Optical Ground Station Networks","authors":"Nicholas J. Rattenbury, Joseph Ashby, Francis Bennet, Marcus Birch, John E. Cater, Kate Ferguson, Dirk Giggenbach, Ken Grant, Andreas Knopp, Marcus T. Knopp, Ed Kruzins, Andrew Lambert, Kerry Mudge, Catherine Qualtrough, Samuele Raffa, Jonas Rittershofer, Mikhael T. Sayat, Sascha Schediwy, Robert T. Schwarz, Matthew Sellars, Oliver Thearle, Tony Travouillon, Kevin Walker, Shane Walsh, Stephen Weddell","doi":"10.1002/sat.1564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Networks of ground stations designed to transmit and receive at visible and infra-red wavelengths through the atmosphere offer an opportunity to provide on-demand, high-bandwidth, secure communications with spacecraft in Earth orbit and beyond. This work describes the operation and activities of current free space optical communications (FSOC) ground stations in Germany and Australasia. In Germany, FSOC facilities are located at the Oberpfaffenhofen campus of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the Laser-Bodenstation in Trauen (Responsive Space Cluster Competence Center, DLR), and the Research Center Space of the University of the Bundeswehr Munich in Neubiberg. The DLR also operates a ground station in Almería, Spain, as part of the European Optical Nucleus Network (EONN). The Australasian Optical Ground Station Network (AOGSN) is a proposed network of 0.5–0.7 m class optical telescopes located across Australia and New Zealand. The development and progress for each node of the AOGSN is reported, along with optimization of future site locations based on cloud cover analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking","volume":"43 3","pages":"147-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sat.1564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}