Journal of Solar Energy Engineering最新文献_第2页

Machine learning versus empirical models to predict daily global solar irradiation in an average year: Homogeneous parallel ensembles prevailed 机器学习与经验模型对比，预测平均年全球日太阳辐照量：同质平行集合占上风

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065978

Keith De Souza

{"title":"Machine learning versus empirical models to predict daily global solar irradiation in an average year: Homogeneous parallel ensembles prevailed","authors":"Keith De Souza","doi":"10.1115/1.4065978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065978","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Accurate predictive daily global horizontal irradiation models are essential for diverse solar energy applications. Their long-term performances can be assessed using average years. This study scrutinized 70 machine learning and 44 empirical models using two disjoint five-year average daily training and validation datasets, each comprising 365 records and 10 features. The features included day number, minimum and maximum air temperature, air temperature amplitude, theoretical and observed sunshine hours, theoretical extraterrestrial horizontal irradiation, relative sunshine, cloud cover and relative humidity. Fourteen machine learning algorithms, namely, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, elastic net regression, Huber regression, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, extreme learning machine, generalized regression neural network, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine and light gradient boosting machine were trained, validated and instantiated as base learners in 4 strategically designed homogeneous parallel ensembles—variants of pasting, random subspace, bagging and random patches—which also were scrutinized, producing 70 models. Specific hyperparameters from the algorithms were optimized. Validation showed that at least two ensembles outperformed its individual model. Huber-subspace ranked first with a root mean square error of 1.495 MJ/m2/day. The multilayer perceptron was most robust to the random perturbations of the ensembles which extrapolates to good tolerance to ground truth data noise. The best empirical model returned a validation root mean square error of 1.595 MJ/m2/day but was outperformed by 93% of the machine learning models with the homogeneous parallel ensembles producing superior predictive accuracies.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Waste Heat Assessment of a Manufacturing Facility with Consideration for Demand Matching through Thermal Energy Storage 考虑通过热能储存满足需求的制造设施余热评估

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065974

Adam C. Gladen, Xuelei Xiao, Alexander Zeller, Yao Yu

{"title":"A Waste Heat Assessment of a Manufacturing Facility with Consideration for Demand Matching through Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"Adam C. Gladen, Xuelei Xiao, Alexander Zeller, Yao Yu","doi":"10.1115/1.4065974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065974","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A waste heat assessment of a manufacturing facility was conducted. A physical survey identified potential waste heat sources. For these sources, the temporal fluctuations in temperature and flow rate, and the frequency of occurrence of the waste heat, were determined from measurements, calculations, and company records. The energy and exergy of the waste heat were calculated. The total annual waste heat is 36.5 TJ of energy which represents 0.84 TJ of exergy. The boiler, plant vacuums, and chiller comprise 96% of the energy rejected and are the major contributors to the rejected exergy. Using the waste heat for space heating is evaluated. Based on fuel consumption in the boiler, the annual energy for space heating is estimated 8.5 TJ. Theoretically, waste heat from the boiler flue, polypropylene dryers, and plant vacuums could meet up to 39% of this energy without storage. Simply allowing the vacuum exhausts to cool in the building could theoretically meet up to 27%. Models are developed to investigate using waste heat recovery and thermal energy storage (TES) to provide space heating for a prototype warehouse building, and estimates for the initial costs of the recovery system are developed. Modeling indicates that TES is highly beneficial for matching short-term demand fluctuations and for smoothing the temporal oscillations in the waste heat. A nine-month heating season is simulated to determine the fraction of the load met by the recovery system. A small amount of thermal storage, e.g. 12.5 - 25% of daily waste heat, improved the fraction of demand that could be met. Larger sizes had diminishing returns and significantly increased the initial cost and payback period. To reduce initial cost, a refined recovery system design which uses a TES as an intermediate and for storage is proposed. The study highlights the need to consider fluctuations in the waste heat supply and sink demand, for thermal storage, and to identify relatively simple modifications to recover waste heat.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"5 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dehydration of Onion Slices for Food Processing Application Using IoT based Smart Solar Drying System 利用基于物联网的智能太阳能干燥系统对用于食品加工的洋葱片进行脱水处理

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065981

Santosh Walke, M. Mandake, M. Naniwadekar, Ravi Tapre

{"title":"Dehydration of Onion Slices for Food Processing Application Using IoT based Smart Solar Drying System","authors":"Santosh Walke, M. Mandake, M. Naniwadekar, Ravi Tapre","doi":"10.1115/1.4065981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065981","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Indian onion producers experience significant economic losses as a result of the unpredictable fluctuations in onion prices during the harvesting and post-harvest stages. In order to address these difficulties and increase farmers' earnings, the transformation of onions into value-added goods such as onion paste, onion powder, onion sauce, and onion oil has emerged as a possible option. The objective of this project is to create a smart solar drying system based on IoT technique specifically designed for the dehydration of recently harvested red onions. In April 2023, a series of five experimental tests were carried out, examining the effects of different onion slice thicknesses ranging from 2mm to 4mm, with intervals of 0.5mm. Each trial consisted of running the dryer for a duration of 9 hours, specifically from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm, throughout the daylight hours for three consecutive days. The experiment involved evaluating different drying characteristics, such as moisture content on dry and wet bases, shrinkage ratio, and thermal efficiency. The drying time required to achieve a 10% moisture level (w.b.) was reduced by 30.19%, 16.98%, 11.32%, and 3.77% when comparing a 4mm slice thickness to thinner alternatives of 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, and 3.5mm, respectively. The dryer had a superior thermal efficiency of 27.89% when the thickness was 2mm, in contrast to 19.50% when the thickness was 4mm. Significantly, onions that were dehydrated from slices measuring 2mm and 2.5mm in thickness shown exceptional suitability for the production of powdered onion.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"60 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HelioPoint – A Fast Airborne Calibration Method for Heliostat Fields HelioPoint - 用于太阳定位仪场的快速机载校准方法

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065868

Julian J. Krauth, Christoph Happich, Niels Algner, Rafal Broda, Andreas Kämpgen, Alexander Schnerring, Steffen Ulmer, Marc Röger

引用次数: 0

Fabrication, modeling, and testing of a prototype thermal energy storage containment 热能储存容器原型的制造、建模和测试

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065869

Jeffrey Gifford, P. Davenport, Xingchao Wang, Zhiwen Ma

{"title":"Fabrication, modeling, and testing of a prototype thermal energy storage containment","authors":"Jeffrey Gifford, P. Davenport, Xingchao Wang, Zhiwen Ma","doi":"10.1115/1.4065869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065869","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing penetration of variable renewable energy resources requires the deployment of energy storage at a range of durations. Long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies will fulfill the need to firm variable renewable energy resource output year-round; lithium-ion batteries are uneconomical at these durations. Thermal energy storage (TES) is one promising technology for LDES applications because of its siting flexibility and ease of scaling. Particle-based TES systems use low-cost solid particles that have higher temperature limits than the molten salts used in traditional concentrated solar power systems. A key component in particle-based TES systems is the containment silo for the high-temperature (> 1100 °C) particles. This study combined experimental testing and computational modeling methods to design and characterize the performance of a particle containment silo for LDES applications. A laboratory-scale silo prototype was built and validated a congruent transient finite element analysis model. The performance of a commercial-scale silo was then characterized using the validated model. The commercial-scale model predicted a storage efficiency in excess of 95% after five days of storage with a design storage temperature of 1200 °C. Insulation material and concrete temperature limits were considered as well. The validation of the methodology means the FEA model can simulate a range of scenarios for future applications. This work supports the development of a promising LDES technology with implications for grid-scale electrical energy storage, but also for thermal energy storage for industrial process heating applications.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dynamic discrete model of ventilated concrete floor integrated with solar air collector under the effect of uneven direct solar radiation 太阳直接辐射不均匀效应下与太阳能空气集热器集成的通风混凝土地板的动态离散模型

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065710

Xiujing Luo, Tao Yu, Xichen Liu, Bo Lei, Jiacheng Zheng

{"title":"A dynamic discrete model of ventilated concrete floor integrated with solar air collector under the effect of uneven direct solar radiation","authors":"Xiujing Luo, Tao Yu, Xichen Liu, Bo Lei, Jiacheng Zheng","doi":"10.1115/1.4065710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065710","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A system combining the ventilated concrete floor (VCF) with solar air collector (SAC) in buildings has been applied in the western Sichuan Plateau for nighttime heating. However, the dynamic model coupled with uneven solar radiation of SAC-VCF is absent, thus the thermal behavior of the system is difficult to predict in practice. In this research, a coupled model is built to predict the thermal characteristics of the room with the SAC-VCF system under uneven solar radiation. The calculation model of VCF considers the uneven distribution of solar radiation on the floor surface, established by combining the resistance-capacitance (RC) network model and the number of transfer unit model (NTU) using the discrete method and validated by experimental data. A 3R2C model is utilized to model envelopes, validated by simulation results. The calculation error of surface temperature and room air temperature is within 5%. Then a case study is conducted with the validated model to predict the thermal performance of the SAC-VCF system with even and uneven solar radiation. Results indicate that under uneven solar radiation, the local surface temperature significantly increases to 35.1 °C, 9.1 °C higher than even solar radiation. Meanwhile, under uneven solar radiation, the heat transfer of supply air and surface of VCF is increased by 14% and 6%, respectively. Besides, the room air temperature is almost equal of two cases, while the operative temperature is 0.4 °C lower under uneven solar radiation. The model is beneficial to further study the influencing factors of this system.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":" 711","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow and Heat Transfer Experimental Study for 3D-Printed Solar Receiving Tubes with Helical Fins at Internal Surface 内表面带有螺旋鳍片的 3D 打印太阳能接收管的流动和传热实验研究

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065657

Fouad Haddad, Bharath Pidaparthi, Naznin Nuria Afrin, S. Missoum, Jianzhi Li, Ben Xu, Peiwen Li

{"title":"Flow and Heat Transfer Experimental Study for 3D-Printed Solar Receiving Tubes with Helical Fins at Internal Surface","authors":"Fouad Haddad, Bharath Pidaparthi, Naznin Nuria Afrin, S. Missoum, Jianzhi Li, Ben Xu, Peiwen Li","doi":"10.1115/1.4065657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065657","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 3D-printing technology was applied to fabricate novel solar thermal collection tubes that have internal heat transfer enhancement fins and external surfaces with high solar absorptivity and low emissivity due to the use of different materials in one tube. Helical fins were selected to introduce circumferential flow and thus minimize the circumferential temperature difference of the tube that receives sunlight on one side. The structures of the helical fins were previously optimized from CFD analysis with the objective of low entropy production rate by looking for high heat transfer coefficient and relatively lower pressure loss. High temperature alloy, Inconel-718, was used to 3D print the tubes, which can resist corrosion for the potential application of molten chloride salts as heat transfer fluid. Experimental tests were carried out using water as the heat transfer fluid with the high heat flux provided by a tubular furnace heater. The tested Reynolds number ranges from 3.9 × 103 to 6.1 × 104. Heat transfer coefficients of up to 2.8 times of that of smooth tube could be obtained with the expenses of increased pressure loss compared to that of smooth tube. The total system entropy generation can be significantly reduced due to the benefit of heat transfer enhancement that is greater than the expenses of the increased pressure loss. The experimental results of the 3D-printed heat transfer tubes confirmed the CFD-based results of fin optimization. The novel heat transfer tube is recommended for application in concentrating solar power systems.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A PCM-BASED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY HARVESTER FOR POWERING UNCREWED UNDERWATER VEHICLES 为非乘员水下航行器提供动力的基于 PCM 的海洋热能收集器的建模与优化

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065553

Habilou Ouro-Koura, Hyunjun Jung, D. Borca-Tasciuc, Andrea E. Copping, Z. Deng

{"title":"MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A PCM-BASED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY HARVESTER FOR POWERING UNCREWED UNDERWATER VEHICLES","authors":"Habilou Ouro-Koura, Hyunjun Jung, D. Borca-Tasciuc, Andrea E. Copping, Z. Deng","doi":"10.1115/1.4065553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065553","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As oceans cover over 70% of the planet's surface, they represent a large reservoir of resources that remained vastly untapped. Uncrewed Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are becoming key technology for ocean exploration. Ocean thermal gradient is a permanent and reliable energy source that can be used to power UUVs using phase change material (PCM)-based thermal engines. When using PCM-based thermal engines to power UUVs, there are different energy conversion stages, thermal, hydraulic, kinetic, and electrical, dependent on a wide variety of parameters. Thus, optimization of the overall energy conversion is still a challenge for powering the increasing energy demanding UUVs for long missions. The goal of this study is to propose a PCM-based ocean thermal energy harvesting system for powering float type UUVs such as the Solo II float. This reduces the cost for battery replacement and expands the float's mission time. For this purpose, we developed a model consisting of hydraulic and electrical systems, designed to provide the electrical power needed by the UUV. The hydraulic and electrical systems are implemented using MATLAB-Simulink. The model developed can provide 13.66 kJ of electrical energy, which is more than 1.5 times the energy requirement per cycle for the SOLO II float.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"25 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling of a PV/Thermal Hybrid Panel for Residential Hot Water System 用于住宅热水系统的光伏/热能混合电池板建模

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065552

Saad Odeh, Ilyas Aden

{"title":"Modeling of a PV/Thermal Hybrid Panel for Residential Hot Water System","authors":"Saad Odeh, Ilyas Aden","doi":"10.1115/1.4065552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065552","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite the extensive body of research on PV/thermal systems, a gap remains in evaluating their performance in residential settings. This study aims to bridge this gap by focusing on the energy modeling of a PV/Thermal (PVT) hybrid panel that incorporates heat pipe technology. The evaluation is conducted through MATLAB code to assess the system's capability to fulfill the electricity and heating demands of residential buildings. The model's reliability is affirmed by comparing it with experimental data from a PVT panel tested in Sydney, exploring the transient variations in both water heat gain rates and power generation. The model's precision is evident from the percentage of error in the estimated temperatures of the PV panel based on the test results under various weather conditions, which ranged from −8% to 6%. This method was also utilized to determine the overall energy efficiency of the PVT under different climatic conditions. The results reveal that the overall energy efficiency of the proposed PVT panel, on a typical day, is approximately 45%, significantly outperforming traditional PV panels by more than double. Furthermore, the payback period for a typical residential PVT system, providing both hot water and electricity, is found substantially shorter than that of installing separate PV and solar hot water systems, highlighting the economic and environmental benefits of the proposed hybrid system.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":"84 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Heat Transfer of Molten Salts Startup Flow in Cold Pipes Avoiding Freezing in Solar and Nuclear Energy Systems 太阳能和核能系统中避免冻结的冷管道中熔盐启动流的传热分析

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065509

Ye Zhang, Fouad Haddad, Peiwen Li

{"title":"Analysis of Heat Transfer of Molten Salts Startup Flow in Cold Pipes Avoiding Freezing in Solar and Nuclear Energy Systems","authors":"Ye Zhang, Fouad Haddad, Peiwen Li","doi":"10.1115/1.4065509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065509","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Molten salts are employed as the heat transfer fluid to carry the thermal energy from a solar receiver or a nuclear reactor for delivering to thermal storage systems or thermal power plants for power generation. For the startup operation, molten salts need to be pumped to flow into the pipes which may have lower temperature than the freezing point of molten salt due to the cold ambient temperature overnight or over the suspension of operation. Preventing the freezing of molten salt in cold pipes becomes a critical issue to the safe operation of a concentrating solar thermal power plant or a molten salt nuclear power plant. This study conducted a basic heat transfer analysis of the transient heat transfer from flowing molten salt to a cold pipe to determine the length from entrance to the onset of freezing of the fluid. From our modeling and analytical solution using method of characteristics, the correlation of the location of onset of freezing of molten salt with respect to the flow velocity, heat capacities of molten salt and pipes, dimension of the pipes, and the initial temperatures of salts and pipes, have been understood clearly. The modeling and computational tool can fundamentally help engineers to design a system to avoid freezing and clogging at cold startup when molten salt is applied as a heat transfer fluid.","PeriodicalId":502733,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solar Energy Engineering","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0