Journal of Aapos最新文献

{"title":"Regional differences in institutional characteristics, faculty composition, and fellowship availability across US pediatric ophthalmology programs.","authors":"Haley Chishom, Josephine M Rudd Zhong Manis, Brenton T Bicknell, Lance Dzubinski, Yejin Heo, Alvina Liang, Taylor L Aaserud, Shayan Massoumi, Robert Tauscher, Stephanie Goei, Steven E Brooks","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine regional differences in faculty composition, fellowship availability, and faculty characteristics in US pediatric ophthalmology programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Program characteristics, faculty demographics, academic rank, and research productivity were collected from the institutional websites of 111 academic pediatric ophthalmology programs across four US regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. The following variables were analyzed: number and percentage of pediatric ophthalmologists, presence of pediatric ophthalmology fellowships, and faculty characteristics, such as gender distribution and length of practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The West had the highest average number of pediatric ophthalmologists per program (4.6), followed by the Midwest (4.4), Northeast (3.8), and South (3.4) (P = 0.37), with pediatric ophthalmologists constituting 13.7% of total ophthalmology faculty in the Northeast, 14.5% in the South, 11.8% in the Midwest, and 12.7% in the West (P = 0.60). The proportion of ophthalmology departments offering a pediatric fellowship was higher in the Midwest (53.6%) than in the West (33.3%), South (21.6%), and Northeast (16.1%) (P = 0.01). The average years in practice for academic pediatric ophthalmologists was highest in the Northeast (19.7 years) compared with other regions (P = 0.03). Female representation ranged from 49.5% in the Northeast to 67.2% in the West (P = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regional differences exist in pediatric ophthalmology programs, particularly in fellowship availability, faculty composition, and funding. These variations may influence workforce distribution and training opportunities, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to support regions with lower representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining items wasted in common pediatric ophthalmic surgeries.","authors":"Margaret A Tharp, Jessica Henry, Julie Conley, Brooke Geddie, Lauren Fletcher-Morehouse","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify waste from textiles (drapes, gowns, disposable towels) and some plastics (surgical tubing, syringes, and cups) produced from routine pediatric ophthalmic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, observational study was conducted at a midsized Midwestern children's hospital and its affiliated outpatient surgical center. Data were collected from pediatric ophthalmic surgeries and included patient weight (kg), height (cm), procedure type, surgical pack utilized, weights of contents (g), and whether contents were used or wasted, defined as being opened and discarded without being used for surgical or protective purposes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 136 cases of three surgeons over 4 months. The mean total and drape-covered (50% total) body surface area (BSA) among patients was 0.99 m² and 0.50 m², respectively. The mean area among the four drape types utilized was 4.05 m², approximately 8.15 times the mean drape-covered patient BSA. In 95 cases using surgical packs, surgical tubing was wasted in 100% of cases, 10 mL syringes in 93.9%, and disposable towels in 78.0%. The mean cost of excess draping per case relative to drape-covered BSA was $2.17 ± $1.78.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There appears to be potential for reducing waste from textiles and certain plastic materials in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Further study is needed to evaluate the environmental and financial efficacy of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life and long-time follow-up of patients with optic nerve hypoplasia.","authors":"Athanasia Skriapa-Manta, Mattias Nilsson, Monica Olsson, Britt-Marie Anderlid, Kristina Teär Fahnehjelm","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess long-term outcome of visual function, comorbidities, and quality of life in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of ONH patients. The study cohort comprised a subset of patients who had participated in a 2009-2012 population-based study of ONH patients, supplemented by a smaller group of patients who were examined subsequently. Patients who participated in follow-up examination from 2018 to 2021 were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinoscopy, visual fields, and ocular characteristics were examined, and records were accessed for comorbidities. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was used to assess health-related quality of life in the final cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 patients were included, 22 of whom had participated in the earlier study. Of the 31, 23 had bilateral disease. Median age at the first visit was 7.8 years (range, 0.4-19.2), and age at follow-up was 16.3 years (range, 9.0-28.3); median follow-up was 8.5 years (range, 5.1-12.6). Median BCVA in the better-seeing eye of patients with bilateral disease improved from 0.25 (range, 0-1.0) at first visit to 0.57 (range, 0-1.3) at follow-up (P = 0.011). There was no difference in cycloplegic refraction. Visual field defects were common. Optic disk parameters remained unchanged. Significant neurological, cognitive, endocrinological, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities were frequent. PedsQL demonstrated a composite score of 63.6 (range, 19.8-100), with the highest scores in physical and lowest in school functioning, with strong correlation between BCVA and the patients' PedsQL scores (r = -0.728).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poor BCVA in ONH children persisted throughout adolescence. PedsQL scores, which have not been reported previously, were low compared to other chronic extraocular diseases and correlated strongly with BCVA, although hormonal and neurological comorbidities were common.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative risk and onset of strabismus in children with Chiari malformation.","authors":"Anna Chen, Alexander Tucker, Fangming Jin, Yinxi Yu, Gil Binenbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine relative risk, onset, and types of strabismus in patients with Chiari malformation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years of age) seen at a pediatric ophthalmology practice over 15 years, we identified patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation on brain imaging. Strabismus diagnoses were first determined with diagnostic codes and confirmed via chart review in patients with Chiari. Risk factors for strabismus, including Chiari type, Chiari-related symptoms, hydrocephalus, neurosurgery, and other structural brain abnormalities were evaluated using multivariable analysis. Primary outcome was relative risk of strabismus compared between children with and without Chiari seen at the same clinic. Cumulative probability of strabismus by age was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary outcomes were risk factors, onset, and types of strabismus in children with Chiari.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 149,141 children studied, 591 had Chiari malformation (286 type I, 302 type II, 3 type III). Risk of strabismus was higher among children with Chiari (226/591 [38%]) versus without (27,297/148,550 [18%]) (relative risk = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.3; P < 0.001). Significant risk factors were hydrocephalus (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8-4.9) and structural brain abnormality (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6). Cumulative prevalence of strabismus at ages 1, 5, 10, 15 years were 5%, 17%, 27%, 36% for Chiari type I; 10%, 36%, 45%, 55% for Chiari type II/III; respectively. Most common strabismus types were exotropia, accommodative esotropia, and nonaccommodative esotropia; clinicians attributed only 8% of strabismus directly to Chiari, usually along with concurrent cranial nerve palsy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with Chiari malformation have increased risk of strabismus compared to those without, even after controlling for referral bias among children in a pediatric ophthalmology clinic. Early ophthalmology referral is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the development of retinopathy of prematurity.","authors":"Anne M Lynch, Nathan C Grove, Emily A Auer, Sunni L Mumford, Robert S McDuffie, Amber A Berning, Erica M Wymore, Arden J McReynolds, Jennifer L Patnaik, Emily A McCourt, Jennifer L Jung, Kirk A Bol, Naresh Mandava, Ronald S Gibbs, Brandie D Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether there is an association between hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDP) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was based on the records of an ROP screening registry, which included infants who fulfilled the standard screening criteria for ROP. Analyses included multinomial logistic regression, with sensitivity analyses incorporating inverse probability weighting to account for potential collider bias arising from restriction to preterm infants and subgroups defined by gestational age (GA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this cohort of 2,100 infants in the registry, 698 (33.2%) developed ROP, and 261 (12.4%) developed severe ROP (type 1 or type 2). Severe HDP (preeclampsia with severe features, HELLP, and eclampsia) was found in 644 infants from mothers (30.7%). The mean GA at delivery was 28.8 ± 2.5 weeks. Across GA, severe HDP was associated with a higher risk of severe ROP compared with normotensive pregnancies up to approximately 28-29 weeks' gestation, with the largest differences observed between 26 and 27 weeks. Among infants born at ≤29 weeks, severe HDP was associated with severe ROP with respect to normotensive births and no ROP (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1; P = 0.04). In sensitivity analyses to account for selection into the preterm cohort, results were similar, with severe HDP related to the development of severe ROP (AOR = 1.7; CI, 1.5-2.0, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association of HDP with ROP varied with GA. Compared with normotensive pregnancies, severe HDP was a risk factor for severe ROP at earlier GA but not for infants born at 29 weeks' gestation or later.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulinum toxin injection versus conventional surgery in the management of residual esotropia: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Yasser Almuzaini, Taghreed Alnajjar, Shatha Alfrehi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the success rates of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and conventional strabismus surgery in treating residual esotropia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients with residual esotropia of >15^Δ following strabismus surgery treated at a single instituion from 2015 to 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups based on intervention type: the surgery group and the BTX group. The success rate was defined as an angle of deviation of <10^Δ of esotropia during the last follow-up, at least 3 months after the last intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41 patients were included: 20 in the surgery group and 21 in the BTX group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, sex, spherical equivalent, amblyopia, diagnosis, or preintervention angle of deviation. Mean preintervention angles of deviation were 25.40^Δ ± 9.36^Δ in the surgical group and 25.14^Δ ± 6.76^Δ in the BTX group, which decreased to 10.45^Δ ± 9.36^Δ and 11.52^Δ ± 13.11^Δ, respectively, after treatment, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.555). The success rates were 47.6% in the BTX group and 60% in the surgery group (P = 0.427). Exotropia developed in a single patient in each group. Dissociated vertical deviation developed in 2 patients from the surgical group and 1 patient from the BTX group. In the surgical group, 2 patients developed hypertropia; in the BTX group, 4 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BTX is comparable to conventional surgery and can be considered in the management of residual esotropia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Staphylococcus warneri endophthalmitis in a pediatric marfan patient after scleral-sutured intraocular lens implantation.","authors":"Sila Dogan Tosun, Alex G Miller, David G Miller, Nancy Hanna","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric endophthalmitis is a rare but vision-threatening condition, most commonly associated with trauma worldwide. A case of delayed-onset postoperative Staphylococcus warneri endophthalmitis was identified in a 7-year-old boy with Marfan syndrome after scleral-sutured Akreos AO60 intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. After lensectomy, pars plana vitrectomy, and Gore-Tex-fixated IOL placement with intraoperative moxifloxacin, early postoperative examinations were unremarkable. At postoperative day 59, the patient developed progressive vision loss with white, spherical deposits coating the IOL and hazy fundus view. Despite initially mild inflammation treated with topical corticosteroids, the condition progressed to anterior chamber inflammation with biofilm-like refractile deposits involving the IOL and scleral sutures, prompting vitreous tap, intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime, and membrane peeling. Cultures grew rare S. warneri. After transient improvement, recurrent endophthalmitis with vitritis necessitated vitrectomy with IOL and Gore-Tex suture explantation and adjunctive systemic antibiotics. The patient underwent repeat scleral-sutured IOL implantation 4 months later, and best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/40, with no apparent recurrence of endophthalmitis at 6 months following explantation of the initial scleral-sutured IOL.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe bilateral ocular coloboma and microphthalmia in a neonate with WDR37-associated neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome.","authors":"Susana Cerdá Checa, Carolina Vizcaíno Díaz, Cristian Fernández Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.105275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a neonate with severe bilateral ocular abnormalities associated with WDR37-related neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome. Ocular findings identified at birth included bilateral microphthalmia, microcornea, corneal edema, marked anterior segment dysgenesis, and bilateral colobomatous posterior pole abnormalities. The patient also had multiple systemic anomalies, including complex congenital heart disease, renal dysplasia, skeletal abnormalities, and cerebellar malformation. Clinical exome sequencing identified a de novo pathogenic variant in the WDR37 gene, confirming the diagnosis. This case is notable for the severity and very early neonatal presentation of ocular involvement and further illustrates the phenotypic variability of WDR37-associated disease. Early ophthalmologic evaluation in neonates with multisystem congenital anomalies may provide important diagnostic clues to rare genetic syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":" ","pages":"105275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"055 Safety and efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in children with orbital cellulitis","authors":"Gil Binenbaum,&nbsp;Kimberly Wei,&nbsp;Chao Phung,&nbsp;Yinxi Yu,&nbsp;Adva Buzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.104968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.104968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 104968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"009 Long-term outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity patients with persistent avascular retina post treatment with anti-VEGF intravitreal injection monotherapy","authors":"Celine Chaaya,&nbsp;Srujay Pandiri,&nbsp;Alay Banker,&nbsp;Samantha Hoffman,&nbsp;Melissa Yuan,&nbsp;Sandra Hoyek,&nbsp;Nimesh Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.104921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaapos.2026.104921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50261,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aapos","volume":"30 4","pages":"Article 104921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}