Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Growth and ecophysiology of two Antarctic benthic predators; Isotealia antarctica and Urticinopsis antarctica.","authors":"Nadia Frontier ,&nbsp;Joseph Marlow ,&nbsp;Adriana Giles ,&nbsp;Simon A. Morley ,&nbsp;Melody S. Clark ,&nbsp;Lloyd S. Peck","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a dearth of basic life history and physiological data from Southern Ocean species, particularly from benthic vagile predators. This is an important data gap because species inhabiting the Southern Ocean live in a more temperature stable but seasonally varying environment than temperate and tropical counterparts. For many species living below 0 °C for a significant proportion of the year, bodily functions are slowed to disproportionately lower rates than would be predicted by temperature alone. Certain life history and physiological processes are often aligned with the short summer season of productivity. However, predators may behave differently because they are decoupled from the phytoplankton bloom and some have been shown to exhibit less seasonal physiological change. To further our understanding of Antarctic predator growth and seasonal ecophysiology, field growth rates were measured for two soft-bodied Antarctic anemone benthic predators, <em>Isotealia antarctica</em> and <em>Urticinopsis antarctica,</em> using <em>in situ</em> sampling of anemones on uniquely marked tiles. <em>Ex situ</em> measurements of oxygen consumption and seven-day faecal output were obtained from recently collected specimens in aquaria and compared between summer and winter. Winter physiological data for Antarctic species are rare, and we tested the hypothesis that generalist feeders or predators continue to feed during the winter. Growth rates differed between species and between years. <em>I. antarctica</em> and <em>U. antarctica</em> both exhibited overall positive field growth rates across a 15 month period between 2020 and 2021; with <em>U. antarctica</em> increasing 199.80% (± SE 25.8) in mass compared to a 16.85% (± SE 8.9) increase in <em>I. antarctica</em>. There was no significant difference in <em>I. antarctica</em>'<em>s</em> growth between 15 and 25 months field deployment. After 25 months, <em>I. antarctica</em> showed an average 7.96% (± SE 8.05) increase in buoyant weight. <em>Ex situ</em> oxygen consumption and faecal egestion did not differ seasonally, which, demonstrates that anemones fed at similar rates during the winter and summer. In contrast to some members of the Antarctica benthos, <em>I. antarctica</em> and <em>U. antarctica</em> actively feed all year round, whereas several other species have been reported to enter a state of torpor in winter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 152045"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098124000601/pdfft?md5=bd51213e294a1f4fd01de319e9850b7f&pid=1-s2.0-S0022098124000601-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How close can we get to seeing the private lives of fur seals and sea lions? Experimental UAV flights on the Southern Brazilian coast","authors":"Natália Procksch ,&nbsp;Murilo Guimarães ,&nbsp;Marcela Regina Trindade ,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Ott ,&nbsp;Martin Sucunza Perez ,&nbsp;Maurício Roberto Veronez ,&nbsp;Larissa Rosa de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have made them a popular and accessible tool for wildlife research. Despite their popularity, there are some concerns about their potential negative impacts due to the possibility of causing disturbance to the species being monitored. We assessed the potential behavioral disturbance of low altitude UAVs on South American fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus australis</em>) and sea lions (<em>Otaria flavescens</em>) on a haulout site in southern Brazil (Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos (WRIL)) between October 2022 and August 2023. Behavioral responses of each individual toward the UAV were classified (no response, vigilant or movement) and individuals were also classified according to their species. The probability of individuals expressing each one of the three behaviors at each altitude was assessed by Binomial and Multinomial Mixed Models. We flew a small UAV (DJI Air 2S) vertically above 731 South American sea lions, including 131 adult males, 590 subadult males and 10 juveniles; and 121 South American fur seals, including one subadult, one juvenile and 119 yearlings. For sea lions, vigilant and movement responses represented only 7.70% and 0.36% of behaviors observed during vertical approaches. South American fur seals appeared less perturbed by UAV presence, as only 1.56% of observed behaviors were classified as vigilant, and no movement responses were observed during vertical approaches. Similar results were found during horizontal flights over these species. The most frequent behavior observed in both species was no response, with a probability higher than 0.89 during vertical and horizontal approaches with drones, even at lower altitudes. Based on these results, we recommend that due to their benefits and minimal impact on the studied species, UAV monitoring studies of South American pinnipeds be conducted at a minimum altitude of 30 m at non-breeding sites, especially at haulout sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 152042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of new methods for attaching pop-up satellite archival tags to blue sharks (Prionace glauca)","authors":"Yasuko Semba ,&nbsp;Yuki Fujinami ,&nbsp;Akira Kurashima","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) have been widely used to study the behavior, habitat selection, and survival rates of sharks. Longitudinal data on shark behavior is needed to understand seasonal migration, spatiotemporal shifts of distribution with the ontogenetic/reproductive stage and the long-term impact of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, long-lasting techniques to secure PSATs to the body of the subject with little harm to its survival are essential. We developed four methods for externally attaching PSATs on the deck to blue sharks (<em>Prionace glauca</em>) in the northwestern Pacific and evaluated the performance of several different methods in terms of tag retention and post-release mortality. Analysis of time-to-event data suggested differences in tag retention rates (here, ‘survival rates’) among the attachment methods. Our Method C, whereby an umbrella-type dart was inserted into the dorsal musculature, penetrating the vertical septum, and the tag body was positioned along anteroposterior body axis and secured to the first dorsal fin base using a cable tie, provided the best performance among the four methods in terms of greater restricted mean survival time (RMST), higher rate of days at liberty, moderate post-release mortality, and less time required for attachment. A meta-analysis based on data published to date indicated that the ‘one-point attachment’ method has been the main approach with blue sharks, and that the tag survival rate differs largely depending on the type of dart head and tether configuration even in the same approach. The RMST from Method C was slightly greater than that with one-point attachment method with an ‘umbrella dart–monofilament or fluorocarbon tether’ combination, which was the most frequently used across previous studies, but the one-point attachment method with a ‘Wilton dart (large or small) or titanium dart–stainless steel tether’ combination outperformed methods compared. Combining available information on the biology of this species with the results of the current study, we propose the following procedure as the most effective to decrease drag and prevent swinging of the tag: pretreat the tag with an anti-biofouling agent; position the tag along the anteroposterior axis of the shark's body; allow the dart to penetrate the vertical septum of the subject; and, additional fixation of the tag to the dorsal fin. Although further data are needed to evaluate some aspects (e. g., dart-head type and tagging location), application of appropriate steps depending on the situation will increase the probability of obtaining long-term data for this highly migratory species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 152041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escape temperature of the intertidal zone porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes does not acclimatize to temperature, but is dependent on body condition, reproductive status and injuries","authors":"Cesar Estrada Aguila,&nbsp;Jonathon H. Stillman","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature influences population distribution, body size and metabolism, making it a driving ecological and evolutionary factor. Due to global climate change, sea surface temperatures are expected to increase by 1.8–3.5 °C and extreme weather is anticipated to be more intense and frequent by the end of the century. These changes will impact many organisms, especially those exposed to steep environmental gradients and living near their environmental tolerance limits, such as organisms living in intertidal zone habitats. Therefore, climate change is expected to have a large effect on intertidal zone species and such effects have already been demonstrated in several locations across the globe. During a one-year study, we examined how seasonal habitat temperature variation and body condition influence the temperature sensitivity of intertidal zone porcelain crabs. The temperatures that elicited avoidance behavior (i.e., escape temperatures) were measured in the field to capture the physiological state of crabs acclimatized to the natural habitat. Seasonal microhabitat temperature did not influence escape temperature, nor did maximum microhabitat temperatures during the 4 days prior to assay, indicating a lack of thermal plasticity for escape temperature. Escape temperatures were positively correlated with body condition and influenced by the presence of injuries. Overall, this research contributes to an understanding of thermal acclimatization of intertidal zone marine invertebrates and how they may behaviorally respond to thermal pressures brought on by climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098124000534/pdfft?md5=711b2b1cc9274516911910f034556522&pid=1-s2.0-S0022098124000534-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of predator density on the predation efficiency of the dogwhelk (Reishia clavigera)","authors":"Meng-Huan Bao,&nbsp;Yun-Wei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species interactions have long been recognized as essential in the organization of communities, and the density of predators is critical in the interaction between predator and prey. Our study explores how predator density affects predation efficiency in a typical intertidal predator (dogwhelk <em>Reishia clavigera</em>) - prey (mussel <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>) system. Three treatments with different predator densities were established: low-density treatment (LD, one dogwhelk/dm²), medium-density treatment (MD, four dogwhelks/dm²), and high-density treatment (HD, eight dogwhelks/dm²). The number frequency of dogwhelks on the mussel, prey searching and handling time, feeding success rate, and shell thickness of mussels were calculated. The results showed that the presence of a higher density of predators facilitated more successful predation. The higher the density of dogwhelk, the less time dogwhelks spend on predation. The predation methods of dogwhelks, either drilling holes or prying open, did not rely on predators' density, but the dogwhelks preferred to drill holes at the thin edge of the mussel shells. This study highlights the impacts of predator density on predation efficiency in the intertidal community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prolonged seawater warming on Zostera marina ecotypes of the northeast Pacific","authors":"Avia L. Breiter ,&nbsp;Cameron T. Sokoloski ,&nbsp;Sylvia Yang ,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Gaeckle","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seagrass meadows are complex, multi-species ecosystems that are facing increasing seawater temperatures with climate change. Previous experimental studies have imposed relatively short-term elevated seawater temperatures for understanding stress tolerance and have revealed a disparate range of responses by the seagrasses themselves, as well as by organisms that inhabit seagrass meadows. Variation in response may be due to differences in environmental context, population-level characteristics, temperature regime, and metrics investigated. To tease apart environmental versus intrinsic population factors, we conducted a ‘common garden’ experiment with eelgrass (<em>Zostera marina</em> L.) from four populations of the greater Puget Sound region (Washington, USA) to test effects of slightly elevated seawater temperatures (+2.5 °C or + 5.6 °C compared to ambient) over long durations (1–2 years), to emulate shifts in mean temperature as predicted for climate change. We measured a comprehensive suite of demographic and morphological traits to be inclusive of traits measured amongst other studies, as well as wasting disease and epiphyte characteristics. We found that, under elevated temperatures, <em>Z. marina</em> exhibited enhanced response or trade-offs in demographic and morphological characteristics depending on season, magnitude of temperature increase, duration of elevated temperature, and donor population. Under +2.5 °C conditions, <em>Z. marina</em> exhibited primarily enhanced responses, such as production and maintenance of longer leaves year-round, and more, wider leaves and increased shoot production during spring. Under +5.6 °C conditions, aboveground morphological responses were even more enhanced and lasted longer, but with trade-offs with shoot production and maintenance of leaf tissue during winter months, and only in the first year. By the second year of exposure to +5.6 °C conditions, plants were not able to maintain increased shoot production rates. These results suggest <em>Z. marina</em> response to slightly elevated temperatures may be modulated by seasonal light availability, so enhanced responses may be only temporary and could precede longer-term decline within a small margin of temperature increase if conditions persist &gt;1 year. Additionally, treatment-by-site interactions did occur, under higher elevated temperature conditions, suggesting resilience may vary by ecotype. Lastly, plants in heated treatments had fewer epiphytes and exhibited seasonal differences in eelgrass wasting disease, suggesting seawater warming could impact eelgrass meadows as whole ecosystems. Further research is needed to understand how these responses may differ across latitudinal gradients, temperature regimes, and multi-species assemblages, and also implications for carbon cycling and habitat provisioning ecosystem functions of eelgrass meadows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history and early ontogeny determine vertical swimming behaviors in the larvae of Caribbean corals","authors":"Benjamin D. Limer ,&nbsp;Olivia Payne ,&nbsp;Aran Brancato ,&nbsp;Molly Mitchell ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Abu-Kubie ,&nbsp;Joana Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Holstein","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine larval dispersal is strongly influenced by ocean currents, but larvae themselves possess traits and behaviors that can curtail or augment dispersal, and affect their settlement. Energetics and metabolism, buoyancy, and swimming can all influence the ultimate fate of marine larvae through biophysical interactions with the environment. These biophysical interactions can be difficult to observe in situ, and ecologists often resort to biophysical models to predict dispersal pathways and estimate connectivity. These models aim to assist in marine reserve design and conservation; however, larval propagules have often been modeled as passive particles, which ignores the influence of the often complex early life-history of larvae on their own dispersal. Here we provide a systematic survey of vertical larval swimming behaviors in six species of Caribbean coral larvae, throughout their early ontogeny. We deployed novel larval observation systems ex situ to obtain continuous video footage of larval vertical velocity and behavior, tracked larvae using computer vision, and calculated time-series of vertical velocity distributions. Results add depth and resolution to the dramatic contrast in swimming behaviors between brooded and broadcast spawned coral larvae. In the absence of settlement cues, brooders often settled quickly post-planulation and exhibited mainly downward swimming behaviors throughout the first two weeks of life. Though they exhibited within-cohort variation, in the absence of settlement cues broadcast spawners typically continued swimming upward even after attaining competency. Behaviors in brooded larvae suggest that there is strong pressure to settle upon planulation. However, observations of detachment and continued downward swimming suggest an active search for suitable habitat. Oppositely, broadcast larvae were observed to prolong dispersal in the absence of settlement cues. Velocity distributions obtained in this study can be used parameterize propagule behaviors in biophysical models to examine the effects of behaviors on connectivity and larval retention in high-resolution coastal hydrodynamic models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperate coastal fish shows resilience to extreme low pH in early larval stages","authors":"Carla Edworthy ,&nbsp;Nicola C. James ,&nbsp;Warren M. Potts ,&nbsp;Murray I. Duncan ,&nbsp;Sam Dupont","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fishes have shown varying responses to the decline in seawater pH associated with ocean acidification. Coastal marine species inhabit characteristically dynamic environments which requires physiological adaptation to variability, including fluctuations in pH and associated carbonate chemistry parameters. Our study assessed the response of the early life stages (postflexion) of a common coastal fish species (<em>Diplodus capensis</em>) that is found in coastal nearshore and estuarine habitats along the South African coastline. We assessed their metabolic and behavioural response to a range of pH conditions which covered a high pH (8.02), the lowest pH that they are naturally exposed to (7.75) as well as extremely low pH levels (∼7.75–7.27) exceeding their current range of exposure, which may occur with future coastal acidification. Our findings suggest that this species is metabolically tolerant of acute low pH conditions (down to 7.27 pH) showing no changes in either routine or active metabolic rates. Although our study identified a slight increase in swimming activity in <em>D. capensis</em> larvae exposed to low pH, there was no change in feeding activity. These results suggest that this species may have the physiological capacity to withstand the present and future high pH variability associated with its environments, in the absence of other stressors and ecological interactions. However, the increased swimming activity at low pH may translate into downstream ecological impacts, for which the mechanisms need to be assessed with further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098124000522/pdfft?md5=2fdad777713ea91cee296137f982e8f6&pid=1-s2.0-S0022098124000522-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bed-scale rockweed harvest findings are not altered by study critiques, a response to Seeley et al.","authors":"Elliot M. Johnston ,&nbsp;Hannah N. Mittelstaedt ,&nbsp;Laura A. Braun ,&nbsp;Jessica F. Muhlin ,&nbsp;Brian J. Olsen ,&nbsp;Hannah M. Webber ,&nbsp;Amanda J. Klemmer","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seeley et al., 2024 (Comment: A reexamination of Johnston et al., 2023, bed-scale impact and recovery of a commercially important intertidal seaweed. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 574) describe a number of reasons that they believe our study's experimental design was flawed and our inferential conclusions were incorrect. We believe that these claims are the result of misunderstandings of the objectives behind our sampling design and statistical analyses. Throughout this response to Seeley et al., we reiterate key objectives of our study design: examining rockweed harvest at a whole-bed scale, realistically capturing the effects of current commercial rockweed harvest methods in Maine, and using coastwide site averages to estimate effect sizes of rockweed harvest. The first claim by Seeley et al. that our study design severely undersampled rockweed beds ignores established sampling methodologies in rockweed research. The suggestion that our sampling design resulted in impact sites that were <em>de facto</em> control sites is not supported by our analyses that showed greater declines in mean rockweed height and biomass at impact sites relative to control sites. In response to their second claim that rockweed companies had control of key elements of our study design and execution, we detail our specific approaches to lessen any possibility for such conflicts to bias our findings. In the final section of our response, we present power analyses in support of our Before-After Control-Impact study design and we highlight the statistically significant effects of treatment on rockweed biomass that contradict Seeley et al.'s claim that we drew conclusions about biomass recovery based solely on large <em>p</em>-values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in the diversity and structure of understorey macrofaunal assemblages within Laminaria hyperborea forests in the northeast Atlantic","authors":"Hannah S. Earp ,&nbsp;Dan A. Smale ,&nbsp;Nathan G. King ,&nbsp;Jacob Bestwick ,&nbsp;Brandon Fazel ,&nbsp;Pippa J. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kelp species function as foundation organisms along almost one third of the world's coastlines, where they underpin diverse and productive forest habitats. The three-dimensional structure of the forest modifies local environmental conditions, which in some regions allows rich understorey macroalgal and macrofaunal assemblages to develop. These understorey assemblages, however, represent somewhat overlooked components of kelp forest ecosystems, with fundamental information on their structure and the processes that shape them often lacking. Here, we used an underwater suction sampler to characterize understorey macroalgal and macrofaunal assemblages within <em>Laminaria hyperborea</em> forests across the mid northeast Atlantic (United Kingdom). Specifically, we investigated spatial and temporal variation in the structure, abundance, diversity, and evenness of assemblages at twelve sites nested in four regions of the UK distributed along a 9° latitudinal gradient that encompassed a ∼ 2.5 °C gradient in mean sea surface temperature. Collectively, the samples comprised of 2.4 kg of understorey macroalgae from five functional groups, and 65,323 macrofaunal individuals from 179 taxa, demonstrating that understorey assemblages represent important repositories of biodiversity within coastal marine systems. Univariate assemblage metrics exhibited significant site-level variation, while the multivariate structure of assemblages exhibited both site and regional-level variation, and all metrics exhibited significant temporal variation. The observed variation was attributed in part to complex interactions between sea surface temperature, wave exposure and habitat structure, while the high site-level variation suggests that unquantified local-scale processes are also important influencers of understorey assemblages. Given that kelp forests are becoming increasingly threatened by multiple stressors, our results provide important evidence to support enhanced management of kelp forests, as well as baseline information that can serve as a benchmark to monitor, restore, and ultimately conserve these forests and their associated ecosystem services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 152034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098124000492/pdfft?md5=7f56e4c5c0158a99a4c80bb01a9ff1ea&pid=1-s2.0-S0022098124000492-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}